{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4402191377","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info15090538","title":"Review of Modern Forest Fire Detection Techniques: Innovations in Image Processing and Deep Learning","display_name":"Review of Modern Forest Fire Detection Techniques: Innovations in Image Processing and Deep Learning","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-09-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4402191377","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info15090538"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/info15090538","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info15090538","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219776","display_name":"Information","issn_l":"2078-2489","issn":["2078-2489"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info15090538","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113365472","display_name":"Berk \u00d6zel","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45542416","display_name":"Atilim University","ror":"https://ror.org/04pd3v454","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45542416"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Berk \u00d6zel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechatronics Engineering, Atilim University, Ankara 06830, Turkey"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechatronics Engineering, Atilim University, Ankara 06830, Turkey","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45542416"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087390511","display_name":"Muhammad Shahab Alam","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5653-2503"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I109297418","display_name":"Gebze Technical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01sdnnq10","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I109297418"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Shahab Alam","raw_affiliation_strings":["Defense Technologies Institute, Gebze Technical University, Gebze 41400, Turkey"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Defense Technologies Institute, Gebze Technical University, Gebze 41400, Turkey","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I109297418"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007080845","display_name":"Muhammad Umer Khan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9195-3477"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45542416","display_name":"Atilim University","ror":"https://ror.org/04pd3v454","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45542416"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Umer Khan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechatronics Engineering, Atilim University, Ankara 06830, Turkey"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechatronics Engineering, Atilim University, Ankara 06830, Turkey","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45542416"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5007080845"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45542416"],"apc_list":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"apc_paid":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"fwci":14.7026,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":40,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99525148,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"9","first_page":"538","last_page":"538"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12597","display_name":"Fire Detection and Safety Systems","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2213","display_name":"Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12597","display_name":"Fire Detection and Safety Systems","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2213","display_name":"Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10555","display_name":"Fire effects on ecosystems","score":0.9940000176429749,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.9857000112533569,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.5041383504867554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4982590675354004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4964943528175354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-processing","display_name":"Image processing","score":0.47760364413261414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.3853096067905426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.36246949434280396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.2508043944835663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.19992753863334656}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.5041383504867554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4982590675354004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4964943528175354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9417928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1070689","display_name":"Image processing","level":3,"score":0.47760364413261414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.3853096067905426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.36246949434280396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.2508043944835663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.19992753863334656}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/info15090538","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info15090538","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219776","display_name":"Information","issn_l":"2078-2489","issn":["2078-2489"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:f2c939bb4e3d451a9973aac07908332b","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/f2c939bb4e3d451a9973aac07908332b","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Information, Vol 15, Iss 9, p 538 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/info15090538","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info15090538","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219776","display_name":"Information","issn_l":"2078-2489","issn":["2078-2489"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":210,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1179897544","https://openalex.org/W2005501262","https://openalex.org/W2012442533","https://openalex.org/W2027645937","https://openalex.org/W2032602096","https://openalex.org/W2052683849","https://openalex.org/W2083854930","https://openalex.org/W2084752128","https://openalex.org/W2090606179","https://openalex.org/W2090748520","https://openalex.org/W2177924225","https://openalex.org/W2301346208","https://openalex.org/W2374236302","https://openalex.org/W2434797109","https://openalex.org/W2473712856","https://openalex.org/W2511674095","https://openalex.org/W2569436968","https://openalex.org/W2576197914","https://openalex.org/W2733381601","https://openalex.org/W2744362103","https://openalex.org/W2768959465","https://openalex.org/W2781532698","https://openalex.org/W2790512519","https://openalex.org/W2791569356","https://openalex.org/W2792318059","https://openalex.org/W2794499044","https://openalex.org/W2804564162","https://openalex.org/W2805546804","https://openalex.org/W2898031508","https://openalex.org/W2901853555","https://openalex.org/W2906161342","https://openalex.org/W2909866625","https://openalex.org/W2912734005","https://openalex.org/W2913160612","https://openalex.org/W2913649977","https://openalex.org/W2914990726","https://openalex.org/W2919219049","https://openalex.org/W2919981789","https://openalex.org/W2927326930","https://openalex.org/W2945689790","https://openalex.org/W2946462571","https://openalex.org/W2946711520","https://openalex.org/W2964169840","https://openalex.org/W2969212378","https://openalex.org/W2976439178","https://openalex.org/W2977524887","https://openalex.org/W2977616508","https://openalex.org/W2978477598","https://openalex.org/W2978858971","https://openalex.org/W2979526390","https://openalex.org/W2981045443","https://openalex.org/W2985488694","https://openalex.org/W2989787328","https://openalex.org/W2990463474","https://openalex.org/W2990972941","https://openalex.org/W2991110851","https://openalex.org/W2991126022","https://openalex.org/W2994860894","https://openalex.org/W2998269827","https://openalex.org/W3005612612","https://openalex.org/W3016917812","https://openalex.org/W3019740599","https://openalex.org/W3020703583","https://openalex.org/W3033309765","https://openalex.org/W3038510778","https://openalex.org/W3044473172","https://openalex.org/W3046108143","https://openalex.org/W3066677769","https://openalex.org/W3081811382","https://openalex.org/W3088468045","https://openalex.org/W3090022951","https://openalex.org/W3093619169","https://openalex.org/W3100733145","https://openalex.org/W3100742769","https://openalex.org/W3108268962","https://openalex.org/W3109515064","https://openalex.org/W3110232229","https://openalex.org/W3112795669","https://openalex.org/W3116258726","https://openalex.org/W3119180266","https://openalex.org/W3120076703","https://openalex.org/W3120107013","https://openalex.org/W3124485984","https://openalex.org/W3130567206","https://openalex.org/W3132971810","https://openalex.org/W3133736882","https://openalex.org/W3134221894","https://openalex.org/W3136021864","https://openalex.org/W3136217325","https://openalex.org/W3137998699","https://openalex.org/W3141387993","https://openalex.org/W3150709564","https://openalex.org/W3157043397","https://openalex.org/W3158850270","https://openalex.org/W3159605905","https://openalex.org/W3159659024","https://openalex.org/W3161079486","https://openalex.org/W3167980367","https://openalex.org/W3170009461","https://openalex.org/W3174263463","https://openalex.org/W3176110204","https://openalex.org/W3186499362","https://openalex.org/W3186960229","https://openalex.org/W3194067888","https://openalex.org/W3196067814","https://openalex.org/W3196908521","https://openalex.org/W3198090248","https://openalex.org/W3199585228","https://openalex.org/W3206280020","https://openalex.org/W3216149117","https://openalex.org/W4205231989","https://openalex.org/W4205785826","https://openalex.org/W4207031702","https://openalex.org/W4207044088","https://openalex.org/W4210314824","https://openalex.org/W4210536819","https://openalex.org/W4210661665","https://openalex.org/W4210793838","https://openalex.org/W4212958975","https://openalex.org/W4213140935","https://openalex.org/W4213193982","https://openalex.org/W4213223813","https://openalex.org/W4213343053","https://openalex.org/W4214663719","https://openalex.org/W4214881742","https://openalex.org/W4214895504","https://openalex.org/W4220771729","https://openalex.org/W4220837591","https://openalex.org/W4224312477","https://openalex.org/W4224909693","https://openalex.org/W4281671187","https://openalex.org/W4281785149","https://openalex.org/W4282937346","https://openalex.org/W4283323781","https://openalex.org/W4283808550","https://openalex.org/W4284893259","https://openalex.org/W4285213916","https://openalex.org/W4285309873","https://openalex.org/W4289313511","https://openalex.org/W4292263994","https://openalex.org/W4292295335","https://openalex.org/W4293066115","https://openalex.org/W4293193731","https://openalex.org/W4293240934","https://openalex.org/W4294168602","https://openalex.org/W4295845716","https://openalex.org/W4296425726","https://openalex.org/W4297537745","https://openalex.org/W4308982647","https://openalex.org/W4312250248","https://openalex.org/W4313434480","https://openalex.org/W4313559145","https://openalex.org/W4315572981","https://openalex.org/W4316468140","https://openalex.org/W4318464214","https://openalex.org/W4319004346","https://openalex.org/W4320492316","https://openalex.org/W4321214536","https://openalex.org/W4321768892","https://openalex.org/W4322631170","https://openalex.org/W4324056332","https://openalex.org/W4361765030","https://openalex.org/W4362571254","https://openalex.org/W4362734153","https://openalex.org/W4365131667","https://openalex.org/W4366393282","https://openalex.org/W4366420362","https://openalex.org/W4366775377","https://openalex.org/W4367599058","https://openalex.org/W4375950491","https://openalex.org/W4379137554","https://openalex.org/W4379386078","https://openalex.org/W4379387600","https://openalex.org/W4380680196","https://openalex.org/W4380887021","https://openalex.org/W4381149204","https://openalex.org/W4382624116","https://openalex.org/W4383262654","https://openalex.org/W4383551470","https://openalex.org/W4384929726","https://openalex.org/W4385421912","https://openalex.org/W4385818463","https://openalex.org/W4386247141","https://openalex.org/W4386715520","https://openalex.org/W4386776083","https://openalex.org/W4386814307","https://openalex.org/W4386845400","https://openalex.org/W4386854843","https://openalex.org/W4387058784","https://openalex.org/W4387503115","https://openalex.org/W4387510143","https://openalex.org/W4387843573","https://openalex.org/W4388589395","https://openalex.org/W4388760423","https://openalex.org/W4388848826","https://openalex.org/W4389058407","https://openalex.org/W4389224949","https://openalex.org/W4389912944","https://openalex.org/W4390668539","https://openalex.org/W6759043469","https://openalex.org/W6760960647","https://openalex.org/W6768697185","https://openalex.org/W6779301283","https://openalex.org/W6784189912","https://openalex.org/W6796293906","https://openalex.org/W6842218253","https://openalex.org/W6842992809","https://openalex.org/W6851515122","https://openalex.org/W6858084091","https://openalex.org/W7017642523"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2731899572","https://openalex.org/W3215138031","https://openalex.org/W2058170566","https://openalex.org/W2755342338","https://openalex.org/W2772917594","https://openalex.org/W2775347418","https://openalex.org/W2166024367","https://openalex.org/W3009238340","https://openalex.org/W3116076068","https://openalex.org/W2229312674"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Fire":[0],"detection":[1,42,107,129,181],"and":[2,10,36,47,66,78,108,133,145,156,165,176,182,189],"extinguishing":[3,183],"systems":[4,15],"are":[5,16,103],"critical":[6],"for":[7,32],"safeguarding":[8],"lives":[9],"minimizing":[11],"property":[12],"damage.":[13],"These":[14],"especially":[17],"vital":[18],"in":[19,105,148],"combating":[20],"forest":[21,27],"fires.":[22],"In":[23,85],"recent":[24],"years,":[25],"several":[26],"fires":[28,74],"have":[29,50],"set":[30],"records":[31],"their":[33,83],"size,":[34],"duration,":[35],"level":[37],"of":[38,55,93,118,130,142,162,179],"destruction.":[39],"Traditional":[40],"fire":[41,106,154,180],"methods,":[43],"such":[44],"as":[45],"smoke":[46],"heat":[48],"sensors,":[49],"limitations,":[51],"prompting":[52],"the":[53,119,128,140,174],"development":[54],"innovative":[56],"approaches":[57],"using":[58,184],"advanced":[59],"technologies.":[60],"Utilizing":[61],"image":[62,185],"processing,":[63,186],"computer":[64,187],"vision,":[65,188],"deep":[67,143,190],"learning":[68,144,147],"algorithms,":[69],"we":[70,88,138],"can":[71],"now":[72],"detect":[73],"with":[75],"exceptional":[76],"accuracy":[77],"respond":[79],"promptly":[80],"to":[81,97,152,170],"mitigate":[82],"impact.":[84],"this":[86,167],"article,":[87],"conduct":[89],"a":[90,159],"comprehensive":[91,160],"review":[92,168],"articles":[94],"from":[95],"2013":[96],"2023,":[98],"exploring":[99],"how":[100],"these":[101],"technologies":[102],"applied":[104],"extinguishing.":[109],"We":[110],"delve":[111],"into":[112,173],"modern":[113],"techniques":[114],"enabling":[115],"real-time":[116],"analysis":[117],"visual":[120],"data":[121],"captured":[122],"by":[123],"cameras":[124],"or":[125],"satellites,":[126],"facilitating":[127],"smoke,":[131],"flames,":[132],"other":[134],"fire-related":[135],"cues.":[136],"Furthermore,":[137],"explore":[139],"utilization":[141],"machine":[146],"training":[149],"intelligent":[150],"algorithms":[151],"recognize":[153],"patterns":[155],"features.":[157],"Through":[158],"examination":[161],"current":[163],"research":[164],"development,":[166],"aims":[169],"provide":[171],"insights":[172],"potential":[175],"future":[177],"directions":[178],"learning.":[191]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":33},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-26T15:22:09.906841","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}