{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4401806569","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info15080504","title":"The Optimal Choice of the Encoder\u2013Decoder Model Components for Image Captioning","display_name":"The Optimal Choice of the Encoder\u2013Decoder Model Components for Image Captioning","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-08-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4401806569","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info15080504"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/info15080504","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info15080504","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/15/8/504/pdf?version=1724229961","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219776","display_name":"Information","issn_l":"2078-2489","issn":["2078-2489"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/15/8/504/pdf?version=1724229961","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062549599","display_name":"Mateusz Bartosiewicz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5401-457X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I108403487","display_name":"Warsaw University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00y0xnp53","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108403487"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mateusz Bartosiewicz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Control and Industrial Electronics, Warsaw University of Technology, ul. Koszykowa 75, 00-662 Warszawa, Poland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5401-457X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Control and Industrial Electronics, Warsaw University of Technology, ul. Koszykowa 75, 00-662 Warszawa, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108403487"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088595367","display_name":"Marcin Iwanowski","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8347-1112"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I108403487","display_name":"Warsaw University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00y0xnp53","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108403487"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Marcin Iwanowski","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Control and Industrial Electronics, Warsaw University of Technology, ul. Koszykowa 75, 00-662 Warszawa, Poland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8347-1112","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Control and Industrial Electronics, Warsaw University of Technology, ul. Koszykowa 75, 00-662 Warszawa, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108403487"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5088595367"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108403487"],"apc_list":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1782},"apc_paid":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1782},"fwci":0.1643,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.42671568,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"8","first_page":"504","last_page":"504"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11714","display_name":"Multimodal Machine Learning Applications","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11714","display_name":"Multimodal Machine Learning Applications","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10812","display_name":"Human Pose and Action Recognition","score":0.9959999918937683,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/closed-captioning","display_name":"Closed captioning","score":0.9253584146499634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encoder","display_name":"Encoder","score":0.7303799986839294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6753574013710022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.6143209934234619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4385491907596588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.3928505778312683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.37998688220977783}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157657479","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2367247","display_name":"Closed captioning","level":3,"score":0.9253584146499634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118505674","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42586063","display_name":"Encoder","level":2,"score":0.7303799986839294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6753574013710022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.6143209934234619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4385491907596588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.3928505778312683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.37998688220977783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/info15080504","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info15080504","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/15/8/504/pdf?version=1724229961","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219776","display_name":"Information","issn_l":"2078-2489","issn":["2078-2489"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:0254818f63214ad1980c9a32fd3cb29e","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/0254818f63214ad1980c9a32fd3cb29e","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Information, Vol 15, Iss 8, p 504 (2024)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2078-2489/15/8/504/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/info15080504","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Information","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/info15080504","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info15080504","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/15/8/504/pdf?version=1724229961","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219776","display_name":"Information","issn_l":"2078-2489","issn":["2078-2489"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4401806569.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4401806569.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":81,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W8316075","https://openalex.org/W832971097","https://openalex.org/W1514535095","https://openalex.org/W1614298861","https://openalex.org/W1686810756","https://openalex.org/W1687846465","https://openalex.org/W1828348983","https://openalex.org/W1889081078","https://openalex.org/W1895577753","https://openalex.org/W1895989618","https://openalex.org/W1905882502","https://openalex.org/W1956340063","https://openalex.org/W2064675550","https://openalex.org/W2097117768","https://openalex.org/W2101105183","https://openalex.org/W2102605133","https://openalex.org/W2117539524","https://openalex.org/W2149172860","https://openalex.org/W2157331557","https://openalex.org/W2163605009","https://openalex.org/W2173180041","https://openalex.org/W2181691731","https://openalex.org/W2183341477","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2250539671","https://openalex.org/W2302086703","https://openalex.org/W2308864855","https://openalex.org/W2493916176","https://openalex.org/W2506483933","https://openalex.org/W2508429489","https://openalex.org/W2515338206","https://openalex.org/W2531409750","https://openalex.org/W2575842049","https://openalex.org/W2740118378","https://openalex.org/W2745461083","https://openalex.org/W2751153269","https://openalex.org/W2767290858","https://openalex.org/W2886641317","https://openalex.org/W2901218576","https://openalex.org/W2904993015","https://openalex.org/W2914163459","https://openalex.org/W2958442373","https://openalex.org/W2962685035","https://openalex.org/W2962735233","https://openalex.org/W2962739631","https://openalex.org/W2963084599","https://openalex.org/W2963093799","https://openalex.org/W2963213879","https://openalex.org/W2963270749","https://openalex.org/W2963446712","https://openalex.org/W2963758027","https://openalex.org/W2964042428","https://openalex.org/W2965597639","https://openalex.org/W2969862959","https://openalex.org/W2982573303","https://openalex.org/W2994917985","https://openalex.org/W2997591391","https://openalex.org/W3035284526","https://openalex.org/W3091588028","https://openalex.org/W3092276220","https://openalex.org/W3103651098","https://openalex.org/W3173220247","https://openalex.org/W3176641147","https://openalex.org/W3190015236","https://openalex.org/W4225619493","https://openalex.org/W4255437949","https://openalex.org/W4307458100","https://openalex.org/W4377371554","https://openalex.org/W4384067968","https://openalex.org/W4387608643","https://openalex.org/W4388103971","https://openalex.org/W4392693642","https://openalex.org/W4392896648","https://openalex.org/W4402727761","https://openalex.org/W6631190155","https://openalex.org/W6638377309","https://openalex.org/W6638549007","https://openalex.org/W6685230081","https://openalex.org/W6771973033","https://openalex.org/W6810699059","https://openalex.org/W7011438494"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4210416330","https://openalex.org/W3164229987","https://openalex.org/W3215212336","https://openalex.org/W4290852288","https://openalex.org/W3217388757","https://openalex.org/W3122720459","https://openalex.org/W4298897568","https://openalex.org/W4289422896","https://openalex.org/W1938708284","https://openalex.org/W4380190185"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Image":[0],"captioning":[1,113],"aims":[2],"at":[3],"generating":[4,139],"meaningful":[5],"verbal":[6],"descriptions":[7],"of":[8,58,68,70,130,138,152],"a":[9,128],"digital":[10],"image.":[11],"This":[12],"domain":[13],"is":[14,61],"rapidly":[15],"growing":[16],"due":[17],"to":[18,38,62,87],"the":[19,39,64,112,122,136],"enormous":[20],"increase":[21],"in":[22,76],"available":[23],"computational":[24,78],"resources.":[25],"The":[26,55,142],"most":[27,81],"advanced":[28,82],"methods":[29],"are,":[30],"however,":[31],"resource-demanding.":[32],"In":[33],"our":[34,59,131],"paper,":[35],"we":[36],"return":[37],"encoder\u2013decoder":[40],"deep-learning":[41],"model":[42],"and":[43,102,106],"investigate":[44,92],"how":[45,108],"replacing":[46,133],"its":[47],"components":[48,134],"with":[49,149],"newer":[50],"equivalents":[51],"improves":[52,135],"overall":[53,115],"effectiveness.":[54],"primary":[56],"motivation":[57],"study":[60],"obtain":[63],"highest":[65],"possible":[66],"level":[67],"improvement":[69],"classic":[71],"methods,":[72],"which":[73],"are":[74,84,119],"applicable":[75],"less":[77],"environments":[79],"where":[80],"models":[83,148],"too":[85],"heavy":[86],"be":[88],"efficiently":[89],"applied.":[90],"We":[91],"image":[93,140],"feature":[94],"extractors,":[95],"recurrent":[96],"neural":[97],"networks,":[98],"word":[99,103],"embedding":[100],"models,":[101],"generation":[104],"layers":[105],"discuss":[107],"each":[109],"component":[110],"influences":[111],"model\u2019s":[114],"performance.":[116],"Our":[117],"experiments":[118],"performed":[120],"on":[121],"MS":[123],"COCO":[124],"2014":[125],"dataset.":[126],"As":[127],"result":[129],"research,":[132],"quality":[137],"captions.":[141],"results":[143],"will":[144],"help":[145],"design":[146],"efficient":[147],"optimal":[150],"combinations":[151],"their":[153],"components.":[154]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-23T08:03:31.855105","created_date":"2024-08-24T00:00:00"}