{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4398777848","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info15060300","title":"The Personification of ChatGPT (GPT-4)\u2014Understanding Its Personality and Adaptability","display_name":"The Personification of ChatGPT (GPT-4)\u2014Understanding Its Personality and Adaptability","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-05-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4398777848","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info15060300"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/info15060300","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info15060300","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/15/6/300/pdf?version=1716538551","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219776","display_name":"Information","issn_l":"2078-2489","issn":["2078-2489"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/15/6/300/pdf?version=1716538551","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5098813552","display_name":"Leandro St\u00f6ckli","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2972652528","display_name":"FHNW University of Applied Sciences and Arts","ror":"https://ror.org/04mq2g308","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2972652528"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Leandro St\u00f6ckli","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Business, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, 4600 Olten, Switzerland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Business, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, 4600 Olten, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2972652528"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5098813553","display_name":"Luca Joho","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-1613-3772"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2972652528","display_name":"FHNW University of Applied Sciences and Arts","ror":"https://ror.org/04mq2g308","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2972652528"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Luca Joho","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Business, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, 4600 Olten, Switzerland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Business, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, 4600 Olten, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2972652528"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5098813554","display_name":"Felix Lehner","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-9759-9608"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2972652528","display_name":"FHNW University of Applied Sciences and Arts","ror":"https://ror.org/04mq2g308","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2972652528"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Felix Lehner","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Business, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, 4600 Olten, Switzerland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Business, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, 4600 Olten, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2972652528"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068471666","display_name":"Thomas Hanne","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5636-1660"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2972652528","display_name":"FHNW University of Applied Sciences and Arts","ror":"https://ror.org/04mq2g308","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2972652528"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Thomas Hanne","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Information Systems, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, 4600 Olten, Switzerland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Information Systems, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, 4600 Olten, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2972652528"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5068471666"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2972652528"],"apc_list":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"apc_paid":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"fwci":1.0039,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.77714106,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"6","first_page":"300","last_page":"300"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11636","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education","score":0.9958000183105469,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2718","display_name":"Health Informatics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11636","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education","score":0.9958000183105469,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2718","display_name":"Health Informatics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9939000010490417,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13702","display_name":"Machine Learning in Healthcare","score":0.9868999719619751,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adaptability","display_name":"Adaptability","score":0.9011904001235962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/personality","display_name":"Personality","score":0.5866003036499023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.36719828844070435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/art","display_name":"Art","score":0.32237452268600464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.1999070942401886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychoanalysis","display_name":"Psychoanalysis","score":0.145760178565979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ecology","display_name":"Ecology","score":0.06275460124015808}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177606310","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5674297","display_name":"Adaptability","level":2,"score":0.9011904001235962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187288502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q641118","display_name":"Personality","level":2,"score":0.5866003036499023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.36719828844070435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.32237452268600464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.1999070942401886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11171543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41630","display_name":"Psychoanalysis","level":1,"score":0.145760178565979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.06275460124015808}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/info15060300","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info15060300","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/15/6/300/pdf?version=1716538551","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219776","display_name":"Information","issn_l":"2078-2489","issn":["2078-2489"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:2c660db13c3c47db9f75bc3248349213","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/2c660db13c3c47db9f75bc3248349213","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Information, Vol 15, Iss 6, p 300 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/info15060300","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info15060300","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/15/6/300/pdf?version=1716538551","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219776","display_name":"Information","issn_l":"2078-2489","issn":["2078-2489"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.5099999904632568,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4398777848.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2001771035","https://openalex.org/W2003088314","https://openalex.org/W2076528061","https://openalex.org/W2095655043","https://openalex.org/W2615128881","https://openalex.org/W2953328281","https://openalex.org/W2964309167","https://openalex.org/W2969881216","https://openalex.org/W3014675721","https://openalex.org/W3046399757","https://openalex.org/W3100581793","https://openalex.org/W4200472475","https://openalex.org/W4205243614","https://openalex.org/W4230676166","https://openalex.org/W4233622271","https://openalex.org/W4234190541","https://openalex.org/W4323655724","https://openalex.org/W4365794756","https://openalex.org/W4384918632","https://openalex.org/W4391090624"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4387497383","https://openalex.org/W3183948672","https://openalex.org/W3173606202","https://openalex.org/W3110381201","https://openalex.org/W2948807893","https://openalex.org/W2778153218","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W1531601525","https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W3192807578"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Thanks":[0],"to":[1,14,60,63,81,103],"the":[2,29,35,42,44,74,105,116,121,146,149],"publication":[3],"of":[4,38,76,108,115,148],"ChatGPT,":[5],"Artificial":[6],"Intelligence":[7],"is":[8,79],"now":[9],"basically":[10],"accessible":[11],"and":[12,49,56,65,69,124,131,140],"usable":[13],"all":[15],"internet":[16],"users.":[17],"The":[18,126],"technology":[19],"behind":[20],"it":[21],"can":[22,91,134],"be":[23,32,61,92,135],"used":[24],"in":[25],"many":[26],"chatbots,":[27],"whereby":[28],"chatbots":[30],"should":[31,46],"trained":[33],"for":[34,51,97],"respective":[36],"area":[37],"application.":[39],"Depending":[40],"on":[41,55,145],"application,":[43],"chatbot":[45],"react":[47],"differently":[48],"thus,":[50],"example,":[52],"also":[53,128],"take":[54],"embody":[57,82],"personality":[58,83,90,95,106,119,133,150],"traits":[59,107],"able":[62,80],"help":[64],"answer":[66],"people":[67],"better":[68],"more":[70],"personally.":[71],"This":[72],"raises":[73],"question":[75],"whether":[77,88,130],"ChatGPT-4":[78],"traits.":[84],"Our":[85],"study":[86],"investigated":[87],"ChatGPT-4\u2019s":[89],"analyzed":[93],"using":[94],"tests":[96],"humans.":[98],"To":[99],"test":[100],"possible":[101],"approaches":[102],"measuring":[104],"ChatGPT-4,":[109],"experiments":[110,127],"were":[111],"conducted":[112],"with":[113],"two":[114],"most":[117],"well-known":[118],"tests:":[120],"Big":[122],"Five":[123],"Myers\u2013Briggs.":[125],"examine":[129],"how":[132],"changed":[136],"by":[137],"user":[138],"input":[139],"what":[141],"influence":[142],"this":[143],"has":[144],"results":[147],"tests.":[151]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-03-09T08:58:05.943551","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
