{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4393931059","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info15040185","title":"Improving Blood Vessel Segmentation and Depth Estimation in Laser Speckle Images Using Deep Learning","display_name":"Improving Blood Vessel Segmentation and Depth Estimation in Laser Speckle Images Using Deep Learning","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-03-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4393931059","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info15040185"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/info15040185","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info15040185","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/15/4/185/pdf?version=1711689173","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219776","display_name":"Information","issn_l":"2078-2489","issn":["2078-2489"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/15/4/185/pdf?version=1711689173","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002990242","display_name":"E. Morales-Vargas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5799-0955"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79620101","display_name":"University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/00xcryt71","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79620101"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98461037","display_name":"Tecnol\u00f3gico de Monterrey","ror":"https://ror.org/03ayjn504","country_code":"MX","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98461037"]}],"countries":["MX","US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Eduardo Morales-Vargas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tecnol\u00f3gico de Monterrey, Institute of Advanced Materials for Sustainable Manufacturing, Av. Gral. Ram\u00f3n Corona No 2514, Zapopan 45201, Mexico",", of for , "],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tecnol\u00f3gico de Monterrey, Institute of Advanced Materials for Sustainable Manufacturing, Av. Gral. Ram\u00f3n Corona No 2514, Zapopan 45201, Mexico","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98461037"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":", of for , ","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79620101"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032036781","display_name":"Hayde Peregrina\u2010Barreto","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8623-091X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39824353","display_name":"National Institute of Astrophysics, Optics and Electronics","ror":"https://ror.org/00bpmmc63","country_code":"MX","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39824353"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79620101","display_name":"University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/00xcryt71","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79620101"]}],"countries":["MX","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hayde Peregrina-Barreto","raw_affiliation_strings":["Instituto Nacional de Astrof\u00edsica, \u00d3ptica y Electr\u00f3nica, Luis Enrique Erro 1, Santa Maria Tonantzintla, San Andres Cholula 72840, Mexico",", of for , "],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Instituto Nacional de Astrof\u00edsica, \u00d3ptica y Electr\u00f3nica, Luis Enrique Erro 1, Santa Maria Tonantzintla, San Andres Cholula 72840, Mexico","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39824353"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":", of for , ","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79620101"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014664350","display_name":"Rita Q. Fuentes\u2010Aguilar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2559-539X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79620101","display_name":"University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/00xcryt71","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79620101"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98461037","display_name":"Tecnol\u00f3gico de Monterrey","ror":"https://ror.org/03ayjn504","country_code":"MX","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98461037"]}],"countries":["MX","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rita Q. Fuentes-Aguilar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tecnol\u00f3gico de Monterrey, Institute of Advanced Materials for Sustainable Manufacturing, Av. Gral. Ram\u00f3n Corona No 2514, Zapopan 45201, Mexico",", of for , "],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tecnol\u00f3gico de Monterrey, Institute of Advanced Materials for Sustainable Manufacturing, Av. Gral. Ram\u00f3n Corona No 2514, Zapopan 45201, Mexico","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98461037"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":", of for , ","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79620101"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065443519","display_name":"J. P. Padilla-Mart\u00ednez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6511-0276"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I721619","display_name":"Benem\u00e9rita Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Puebla","ror":"https://ror.org/03p2z7827","country_code":"MX","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I721619"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79620101","display_name":"University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/00xcryt71","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79620101"]}],"countries":["MX","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Juan Pablo Padilla-Martinez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Instituto de Ciencias, Benem\u00e9rita Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Puebla, Puebla 72000, Mexico",", of for , "],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Instituto de Ciencias, Benem\u00e9rita Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Puebla, Puebla 72000, Mexico","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I721619"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":", of for , ","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79620101"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042078558","display_name":"Wendy Argelia Garc\u00eda-Su\u00e1stegui","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5223-3189"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I721619","display_name":"Benem\u00e9rita Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Puebla","ror":"https://ror.org/03p2z7827","country_code":"MX","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I721619"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79620101","display_name":"University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/00xcryt71","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79620101"]}],"countries":["MX","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wendy Argelia Garcia-Suastegui","raw_affiliation_strings":["Instituto de Ciencias, Benem\u00e9rita Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Puebla, Puebla 72000, Mexico",", of for , "],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Instituto de Ciencias, Benem\u00e9rita Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Puebla, Puebla 72000, Mexico","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I721619"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":", of for , ","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79620101"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004970457","display_name":"Julio C. Ram\u0131\u0301rez-San-Juan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4720-2668"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39824353","display_name":"National Institute of Astrophysics, Optics and Electronics","ror":"https://ror.org/00bpmmc63","country_code":"MX","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39824353"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79620101","display_name":"University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/00xcryt71","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79620101"]}],"countries":["MX","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Julio C. Ramirez-San-Juan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Instituto Nacional de Astrof\u00edsica, \u00d3ptica y Electr\u00f3nica, Luis Enrique Erro 1, Santa Maria Tonantzintla, San Andres Cholula 72840, Mexico",", of for , "],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Instituto Nacional de Astrof\u00edsica, \u00d3ptica y Electr\u00f3nica, Luis Enrique Erro 1, Santa Maria Tonantzintla, San Andres Cholula 72840, Mexico","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39824353"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":", of for , ","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79620101"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5002990242"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79620101","https://openalex.org/I98461037"],"apc_list":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"apc_paid":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"fwci":1.6338,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.82910179,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"4","first_page":"185","last_page":"185"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11109","display_name":"Thermoregulation and physiological responses","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2737","display_name":"Physiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11109","display_name":"Thermoregulation and physiological responses","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2737","display_name":"Physiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12994","display_name":"Infrared Thermography in Medicine","score":0.9907000064849854,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10977","display_name":"Optical Imaging and Spectroscopy Techniques","score":0.9847999811172485,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7352976202964783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speckle-pattern","display_name":"Speckle pattern","score":0.6939947009086609},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.664359986782074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.5832559466362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.5346217751502991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4669521749019623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/laser","display_name":"Laser","score":0.45102590322494507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.3332703113555908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.21343547105789185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.10478457808494568}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7352976202964783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C102290492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7575045","display_name":"Speckle pattern","level":2,"score":0.6939947009086609},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.664359986782074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.5832559466362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.5346217751502991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4669521749019623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C520434653","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38867","display_name":"Laser","level":2,"score":0.45102590322494507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.3332703113555908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.21343547105789185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.10478457808494568}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/info15040185","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info15040185","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/15/4/185/pdf?version=1711689173","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219776","display_name":"Information","issn_l":"2078-2489","issn":["2078-2489"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:77f0228f8e654a9a8583d8bc27e97a6b","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/77f0228f8e654a9a8583d8bc27e97a6b","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Information, Vol 15, Iss 4, p 185 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/info15040185","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info15040185","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/15/4/185/pdf?version=1711689173","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219776","display_name":"Information","issn_l":"2078-2489","issn":["2078-2489"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.4099999964237213,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4393931059.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":56,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W28088935","https://openalex.org/W1966705576","https://openalex.org/W1979958705","https://openalex.org/W1984040468","https://openalex.org/W1987406621","https://openalex.org/W1987834260","https://openalex.org/W2006500716","https://openalex.org/W2014983850","https://openalex.org/W2020898413","https://openalex.org/W2027161997","https://openalex.org/W2036745306","https://openalex.org/W2039324554","https://openalex.org/W2047428299","https://openalex.org/W2053015258","https://openalex.org/W2056314199","https://openalex.org/W2069667421","https://openalex.org/W2071714163","https://openalex.org/W2089434830","https://openalex.org/W2092433290","https://openalex.org/W2114502710","https://openalex.org/W2123140778","https://openalex.org/W2144324006","https://openalex.org/W2147356044","https://openalex.org/W2152407112","https://openalex.org/W2153722949","https://openalex.org/W2154783457","https://openalex.org/W2165299870","https://openalex.org/W2274439783","https://openalex.org/W2323042380","https://openalex.org/W2461002997","https://openalex.org/W2769588396","https://openalex.org/W2825393426","https://openalex.org/W2839421138","https://openalex.org/W2947950953","https://openalex.org/W2950243097","https://openalex.org/W2955934461","https://openalex.org/W2958881987","https://openalex.org/W2962793481","https://openalex.org/W3005826244","https://openalex.org/W3176483774","https://openalex.org/W3200377696","https://openalex.org/W3210217635","https://openalex.org/W4200414263","https://openalex.org/W4220790845","https://openalex.org/W4255210047","https://openalex.org/W4306951889","https://openalex.org/W4311304781","https://openalex.org/W4318063970","https://openalex.org/W4366496382","https://openalex.org/W4378233531","https://openalex.org/W4381199016","https://openalex.org/W4384697417","https://openalex.org/W4386259903","https://openalex.org/W4389058860","https://openalex.org/W4391023789","https://openalex.org/W6601185027"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2793402697","https://openalex.org/W4391491570","https://openalex.org/W2042019967","https://openalex.org/W2093785611","https://openalex.org/W4386174346","https://openalex.org/W2157133621","https://openalex.org/W2019193285","https://openalex.org/W2056850745","https://openalex.org/W2049184638","https://openalex.org/W1704268779"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Microvasculature":[0],"analysis":[1],"is":[2],"an":[3,64,130],"important":[4],"task":[5,145],"in":[6,26,57,66,117,142,167,182,208],"the":[7,20,48,51,60,67,70,73,89,102,109,143,168,174,189,193,197,211,215],"medical":[8],"field":[9],"due":[10],"to":[11,100],"its":[12],"various":[13],"applications.":[14],"It":[15],"has":[16],"been":[17],"used":[18],"for":[19,108,146],"diagnosis":[21],"and":[22,32,63,114,138,150,156,185],"threat":[23],"of":[24,50,69,75,104,111,134,162,176,199,207,214],"diseases":[25],"fields":[27],"such":[28],"as":[29,210],"ophthalmology,":[30],"dermatology,":[31],"neurology":[33],"by":[34,179,204],"measuring":[35],"relative":[36],"blood":[37,40,52,76,112,201],"flow":[38],"or":[39],"vessel":[41,53,61,202],"morphological":[42],"properties.":[43],"However,":[44],"light":[45],"scattering":[46],"at":[47],"periphery":[49],"causes":[54],"a":[55,78,93,105,118,157,200],"decrease":[56],"contrast":[58],"around":[59],"borders":[62],"increase":[65],"noise":[68],"image,":[71],"making":[72],"localization":[74],"vessels":[77,113],"challenging":[79],"task.":[80],"Therefore,":[81],"this":[82],"work":[83],"proposes":[84],"integrating":[85],"known":[86],"information":[87,187],"from":[88,188],"experimental":[90,190],"setup":[91],"into":[92],"deep":[94],"learning":[95],"architecture":[96],"with":[97,181],"multiple":[98],"inputs":[99],"improve":[101],"generalization":[103,175],"computational":[106],"model":[107],"segmentation":[110],"depth":[115,169,198],"estimation":[116],"single":[119],"inference":[120],"step.":[121],"The":[122],"proposed":[123],"R-UNET":[124],"+":[125,127],"ET":[126],"LA":[128],"obtained":[129],"intersection":[131],"over":[132],"union":[133],"0.944":[135],"\u00b1":[136,140,164],"0.065":[137],"0.812":[139],"0.080":[141],"classification":[144],"validation":[147],"(in":[148,153],"vitro)":[149],"test":[151],"sets":[152],"vivo),":[154],"respectively,":[155],"root":[158],"mean":[159],"squared":[160],"error":[161],"0.0085":[163],"0.0275":[165],"\u03bcm":[166],"estimation.":[170],"This":[171],"approach":[172],"improves":[173],"current":[177,212],"solutions":[178],"pre-training":[180],"vitro":[183],"data":[184],"adding":[186],"setup.":[191],"Additionally,":[192],"method":[194],"can":[195],"infer":[196],"pixel":[203,205],"instead":[206],"regions":[209],"state":[213],"art":[216],"does.":[217]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
