{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4387494538","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info14100554","title":"Top-Down Models across CPU Architectures: Applicability and Comparison in a High-Performance Computing Environment","display_name":"Top-Down Models across CPU Architectures: Applicability and Comparison in a High-Performance Computing Environment","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-10-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4387494538","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info14100554"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/info14100554","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info14100554","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/14/10/554/pdf?version=1697012646","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219776","display_name":"Information","issn_l":"2078-2489","issn":["2078-2489"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/14/10/554/pdf?version=1697012646","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042706768","display_name":"Fabio Banchelli","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9809-0857"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799803557","display_name":"Barcelona Supercomputing Center","ror":"https://ror.org/05sd8tv96","country_code":"ES","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799803557","https://openalex.org/I9617848"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9617848","display_name":"Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya","ror":"https://ror.org/03mb6wj31","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9617848"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Fabio Banchelli","raw_affiliation_strings":["Barcelona Supercomputing Center, Pla\u00e7a Eusebi G\u00fcell, 1-3, 08034 Barcelona, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9809-0857","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Barcelona Supercomputing Center, Pla\u00e7a Eusebi G\u00fcell, 1-3, 08034 Barcelona, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9617848","https://openalex.org/I2799803557"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082933794","display_name":"Marta Garc\u00eda-Gasulla","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3682-9905"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799803557","display_name":"Barcelona Supercomputing Center","ror":"https://ror.org/05sd8tv96","country_code":"ES","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799803557","https://openalex.org/I9617848"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9617848","display_name":"Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya","ror":"https://ror.org/03mb6wj31","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9617848"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marta Garcia-Gasulla","raw_affiliation_strings":["Barcelona Supercomputing Center, Pla\u00e7a Eusebi G\u00fcell, 1-3, 08034 Barcelona, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3682-9905","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Barcelona Supercomputing Center, Pla\u00e7a Eusebi G\u00fcell, 1-3, 08034 Barcelona, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9617848","https://openalex.org/I2799803557"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046459017","display_name":"Filippo Mantovani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3559-4825"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799803557","display_name":"Barcelona Supercomputing Center","ror":"https://ror.org/05sd8tv96","country_code":"ES","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799803557","https://openalex.org/I9617848"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9617848","display_name":"Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya","ror":"https://ror.org/03mb6wj31","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9617848"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Filippo Mantovani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Barcelona Supercomputing Center, Pla\u00e7a Eusebi G\u00fcell, 1-3, 08034 Barcelona, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3559-4825","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Barcelona Supercomputing Center, Pla\u00e7a Eusebi G\u00fcell, 1-3, 08034 Barcelona, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9617848","https://openalex.org/I2799803557"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5042706768","https://openalex.org/A5046459017"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799803557","https://openalex.org/I9617848"],"apc_list":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"apc_paid":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"fwci":0.8221,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.79268701,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"10","first_page":"554","last_page":"554"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10101","display_name":"Cloud Computing and Resource Management","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10101","display_name":"Cloud Computing and Resource Management","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10054","display_name":"Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11181","display_name":"Advanced Data Storage Technologies","score":0.9962999820709229,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8229779005050659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ibm","display_name":"IBM","score":0.7264131307601929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/architecture","display_name":"Architecture","score":0.6351605653762817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-architecture","display_name":"Computer architecture","score":0.5928440690040588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code","display_name":"Code (set theory)","score":0.5616494417190552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/supercomputer","display_name":"Supercomputer","score":0.5400522351264954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/state","display_name":"State (computer science)","score":0.4582975506782532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hardware-architecture","display_name":"Hardware architecture","score":0.4553412199020386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clarity","display_name":"CLARITY","score":0.4273507595062256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/source-code","display_name":"Source code","score":0.42706790566444397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.3204210102558136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.2937844395637512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.2547478675842285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.11786916851997375}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8229779005050659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70388272","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5968558","display_name":"IBM","level":2,"score":0.7264131307601929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123657996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12271","display_name":"Architecture","level":2,"score":0.6351605653762817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118524514","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173212","display_name":"Computer architecture","level":1,"score":0.5928440690040588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776760102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5139990","display_name":"Code (set theory)","level":3,"score":0.5616494417190552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83283714","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121117","display_name":"Supercomputer","level":2,"score":0.5400522351264954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48103436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q599031","display_name":"State (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.4582975506782532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65232700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5656403","display_name":"Hardware architecture","level":3,"score":0.4553412199020386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777146004","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14949826","display_name":"CLARITY","level":2,"score":0.4273507595062256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43126263","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128751","display_name":"Source code","level":2,"score":0.42706790566444397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.3204210102558136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.2937844395637512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.2547478675842285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.11786916851997375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171250308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468","display_name":"Nanotechnology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153349607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36649","display_name":"Visual arts","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/info14100554","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info14100554","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/14/10/554/pdf?version=1697012646","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219776","display_name":"Information","issn_l":"2078-2489","issn":["2078-2489"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:upcommons.upc.edu:2117/463861","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/2117/463861","pdf_url":"https://upcommons.upc.edu/bitstreams/97433ee2-d918-4571-9caa-3ff7f46f01b4/download","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196262","display_name":"UPCommons institutional repository (Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I9617848","host_organization_name":"Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9617848"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:55f41feb566043159e01811bb2f9a33b","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/55f41feb566043159e01811bb2f9a33b","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Information, Vol 14, Iss 10, p 554 (2023)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/info14100554","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info14100554","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/14/10/554/pdf?version=1697012646","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219776","display_name":"Information","issn_l":"2078-2489","issn":["2078-2489"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.47999998927116394}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4387494538.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":8,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2002555321","https://openalex.org/W2013062050","https://openalex.org/W2049009664","https://openalex.org/W2120922587","https://openalex.org/W2154865023","https://openalex.org/W2510810691","https://openalex.org/W2916568594","https://openalex.org/W3036039597"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2086338133","https://openalex.org/W4367679314","https://openalex.org/W225526533","https://openalex.org/W2078361494","https://openalex.org/W2009234990","https://openalex.org/W2148273157","https://openalex.org/W4244083766","https://openalex.org/W2091016074","https://openalex.org/W2023583523","https://openalex.org/W2251285835"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Top-Down":[0,52,95,126],"models":[1,53],"are":[2],"defined":[3,54],"by":[4],"hardware":[5,15,29,57],"architects":[6],"to":[7,20,91,119,136],"provide":[8],"information":[9],"on":[10],"the":[11,22,25,28,38,41,48,99,104,107,109,114,125],"utilization":[12],"of":[13,27,50,101,106,111],"different":[14,56],"components.":[16],"The":[17],"target":[18],"is":[19],"isolate":[21],"users":[23],"from":[24],"complexity":[26],"architecture":[30],"while":[31],"giving":[32],"them":[33],"insight":[34,102],"into":[35,146],"how":[36],"efficiently":[37],"code":[39,86],"uses":[40],"resources.":[42],"In":[43],"this":[44],"paper,":[45],"we":[46],"explore":[47],"applicability":[49],"four":[51],"for":[55,77,88,132],"architectures":[58],"powering":[59],"state-of-the-art":[60],"HPC":[61],"clusters":[62],"(Intel":[63],"Skylake,":[64],"Fujitsu":[65],"A64FX,":[66],"IBM":[67],"Power9,":[68],"and":[69,73,113],"Huawei":[70],"Kunpeng":[71],"920)":[72],"propose":[74],"a":[75,83,133],"model":[76,127],"AMD":[78],"Zen":[79],"2.":[80],"We":[81,97],"study":[82,122],"parallel":[84],"CFD":[85],"used":[87],"scientific":[89,141],"production":[90],"compare":[92],"these":[93],"five":[94],"models.":[96],"evaluate":[98],"level":[100],"achieved,":[103],"clarity":[105],"information,":[108],"ease":[110],"use,":[112],"conclusions":[115],"each":[116],"allows":[117],"us":[118],"reach.":[120],"Our":[121],"indicates":[123],"that":[124],"makes":[128],"it":[129],"very":[130],"difficult":[131],"performance":[134],"analyst":[135],"spot":[137],"inefficiencies":[138],"in":[139],"complex":[140],"codes":[142],"without":[143],"delving":[144],"deep":[145],"micro-architecture":[147],"details.":[148]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}