{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4387258945","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info14100538","title":"User Authentication Mechanisms Based on Immersive Technologies: A Systematic Review","display_name":"User Authentication Mechanisms Based on Immersive Technologies: A Systematic Review","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-10-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4387258945","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info14100538"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/info14100538","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info14100538","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/14/10/538/pdf?version=1696229521","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219776","display_name":"Information","issn_l":"2078-2489","issn":["2078-2489"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"review","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/14/10/538/pdf?version=1696229521","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5092986571","display_name":"Ioanna Anastasaki","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-5432-5743"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183898223","display_name":"International Hellenic University","ror":"https://ror.org/00708jp83","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183898223"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ioanna Anastasaki","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, International Hellenic University, 65404 Kavala, Greece"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, International Hellenic University, 65404 Kavala, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183898223"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020259169","display_name":"George Drosatos","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8130-5775"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210098364","display_name":"Institute for Language and Speech Processing","ror":"https://ror.org/00z24kr14","country_code":"GR","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210098364"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"George Drosatos","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Language and Speech Processing, Athena Research Center, 67100 Xanthi, Greece"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Language and Speech Processing, Athena Research Center, 67100 Xanthi, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210098364"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003731715","display_name":"George Pavlidis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9909-1584"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210098364","display_name":"Institute for Language and Speech Processing","ror":"https://ror.org/00z24kr14","country_code":"GR","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210098364"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"George Pavlidis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Language and Speech Processing, Athena Research Center, 67100 Xanthi, Greece"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Language and Speech Processing, Athena Research Center, 67100 Xanthi, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210098364"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010152963","display_name":"Konstantinos Rantos","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2453-3904"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183898223","display_name":"International Hellenic University","ror":"https://ror.org/00708jp83","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183898223"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Konstantinos Rantos","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, International Hellenic University, 65404 Kavala, Greece"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, International Hellenic University, 65404 Kavala, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183898223"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5003731715","https://openalex.org/A5010152963","https://openalex.org/A5020259169"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183898223","https://openalex.org/I4210098364"],"apc_list":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"apc_paid":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"fwci":7.8308,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":17,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97422176,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"10","first_page":"538","last_page":"538"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11800","display_name":"User Authentication and Security Systems","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11800","display_name":"User Authentication and Security Systems","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.9958999752998352,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10388","display_name":"Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques","score":0.9824000000953674,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6941447257995605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/authentication","display_name":"Authentication (law)","score":0.5457018613815308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/systematic-review","display_name":"Systematic review","score":0.4640212655067444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biometrics","display_name":"Biometrics","score":0.4605056941509247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anonymity","display_name":"Anonymity","score":0.4408380687236786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/emerging-technologies","display_name":"Emerging technologies","score":0.4193112254142761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.4103517234325409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multimedia","display_name":"Multimedia","score":0.3484981060028076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.3278965353965759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.323239266872406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.2510291337966919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.09070542454719543}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6941447257995605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148417208","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4825882","display_name":"Authentication (law)","level":2,"score":0.5457018613815308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189708586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1504425","display_name":"Systematic review","level":3,"score":0.4640212655067444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184297639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177765","display_name":"Biometrics","level":2,"score":0.4605056941509247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178005623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q308859","display_name":"Anonymity","level":2,"score":0.4408380687236786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207267971","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q120208","display_name":"Emerging technologies","level":2,"score":0.4193112254142761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.4103517234325409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49774154","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131765","display_name":"Multimedia","level":1,"score":0.3484981060028076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.3278965353965759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.323239266872406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.2510291337966919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.09070542454719543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779473830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1540899","display_name":"MEDLINE","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/info14100538","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info14100538","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/14/10/538/pdf?version=1696229521","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219776","display_name":"Information","issn_l":"2078-2489","issn":["2078-2489"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:074e2966858b45a7a1eb952cfb500c24","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/074e2966858b45a7a1eb952cfb500c24","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Information, Vol 14, Iss 10, p 538 (2023)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2078-2489/14/10/538/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/info14100538","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Information","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/info14100538","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info14100538","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/14/10/538/pdf?version=1696229521","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219776","display_name":"Information","issn_l":"2078-2489","issn":["2078-2489"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4387258945.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":49,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1973892338","https://openalex.org/W2062836261","https://openalex.org/W2139431161","https://openalex.org/W2156098321","https://openalex.org/W2363661251","https://openalex.org/W2460605217","https://openalex.org/W2545058543","https://openalex.org/W2595350025","https://openalex.org/W2791352940","https://openalex.org/W2880872997","https://openalex.org/W2903757287","https://openalex.org/W2943320313","https://openalex.org/W2945933611","https://openalex.org/W2953191366","https://openalex.org/W2971753522","https://openalex.org/W2992432281","https://openalex.org/W2997309279","https://openalex.org/W2997791073","https://openalex.org/W2998074822","https://openalex.org/W3005789113","https://openalex.org/W3005890490","https://openalex.org/W3005926576","https://openalex.org/W3024370431","https://openalex.org/W3025972484","https://openalex.org/W3041874169","https://openalex.org/W3103319305","https://openalex.org/W3114965367","https://openalex.org/W3124751734","https://openalex.org/W3177698136","https://openalex.org/W3181056355","https://openalex.org/W3183421879","https://openalex.org/W4243741590","https://openalex.org/W4250490597","https://openalex.org/W4281778915","https://openalex.org/W4283736578","https://openalex.org/W4288057757","https://openalex.org/W4292158613","https://openalex.org/W4292968994","https://openalex.org/W4292974016","https://openalex.org/W4304142421","https://openalex.org/W4304688471","https://openalex.org/W4306916446","https://openalex.org/W4361185887","https://openalex.org/W4362496815","https://openalex.org/W4376139705","https://openalex.org/W4380324622","https://openalex.org/W4381786410","https://openalex.org/W4385080352","https://openalex.org/W6718951893"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2076845124","https://openalex.org/W2183964146","https://openalex.org/W1997775730","https://openalex.org/W1966494590","https://openalex.org/W2379932303","https://openalex.org/W4300873085","https://openalex.org/W3147744369","https://openalex.org/W3104966193","https://openalex.org/W1983660090","https://openalex.org/W2123843216"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Immersive":[0],"technologies":[1,147],"are":[2,32,115,125],"revolutionary":[3],"technological":[4],"advancements":[5],"that":[6,87,140],"offer":[7],"users":[8,35],"unparalleled":[9],"experiences":[10],"of":[11,19,59,97,130,145],"immersion":[12],"in":[13,49,75,151],"a":[14,46,55,142],"virtual":[15,20],"or":[16],"mixed":[17,155],"world":[18],"and":[21,30,39,109,121,154],"real":[22],"elements.":[23],"In":[24],"such":[25],"technology,":[26],"user":[27,43,67,149],"privacy,":[28],"security,":[29],"anonymity":[31],"paramount,":[33],"as":[34],"often":[36],"share":[37],"private":[38],"sensitive":[40],"information.":[41],"Therefore,":[42],"authentication":[44,68,150],"is":[45,137],"critical":[47],"requirement":[48],"these":[50,119],"environments.":[51],"This":[52],"paper":[53],"presents":[54],"systematic":[56,134],"literature":[57,73,135],"review":[58,136],"recently":[60],"published":[61],"research":[62,85],"papers":[63,114],"on":[64],"immersive":[65,101,146],"technology-based":[66],"mechanisms.":[69],"After":[70],"conducting":[71],"the":[72,80,122,128,138],"search":[74],"September":[76],"2023":[77],"using":[78],"Scopus,":[79],"selection":[81],"process":[82],"identified":[83],"36":[84],"publications":[86],"were":[88],"further":[89],"analyzed.":[90],"The":[91,112],"analysis":[92],"revealed":[93],"three":[94],"major":[95],"types":[96],"authentications":[98],"related":[99],"to":[100,118],"technologies,":[102],"consistent":[103],"with":[104],"previous":[105],"works:":[106],"knowledge-based,":[107],"biometric,":[108],"multi-factor":[110],"methods.":[111],"reviewed":[113],"categorized":[116],"according":[117],"groups,":[120],"methods":[123],"used":[124],"scrutinized.":[126],"To":[127],"best":[129],"our":[131],"knowledge,":[132],"this":[133],"first":[139],"provides":[141],"comprehensive":[143],"consolidation":[144],"for":[148],"virtual,":[152],"augmented,":[153],"reality.":[156]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-20T23:20:44.827607","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}