{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4384037544","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info14070393","title":"Measuring and Understanding Crowdturfing in the App Store","display_name":"Measuring and Understanding Crowdturfing in the App Store","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-07-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4384037544","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info14070393"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/info14070393","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info14070393","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/14/7/393/pdf?version=1689062438","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219776","display_name":"Information","issn_l":"2078-2489","issn":["2078-2489"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/14/7/393/pdf?version=1689062438","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017596835","display_name":"Qinyu Hu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1839-1551"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141962983","display_name":"Shanghai University of Engineering Science","ror":"https://ror.org/0557b9y08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141962983"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qinyu Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai 201620, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai 201620, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141962983"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100352985","display_name":"Xiaomei Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7139-0243"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141962983","display_name":"Shanghai University of Engineering Science","ror":"https://ror.org/0557b9y08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141962983"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xiaomei Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai 201620, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai 201620, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141962983"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023015254","display_name":"Fangqi Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7965-5170"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fangqi Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Eletronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Eletronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075267073","display_name":"Zhushou Tang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-4121-7799"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhushou Tang","raw_affiliation_strings":["QI-ANXIN Technology Group Inc., Shanghai 201101, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"QI-ANXIN Technology Group Inc., Shanghai 201101, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101717685","display_name":"Shilin Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8214-6809"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shilin Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Eletronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Eletronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100352985"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141962983"],"apc_list":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"apc_paid":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.13504117,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"7","first_page":"393","last_page":"393"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11644","display_name":"Spam and Phishing Detection","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11644","display_name":"Spam and Phishing Detection","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11995","display_name":"FinTech, Crowdfunding, Digital Finance","score":0.9975000023841858,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1404","display_name":"Management Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11704","display_name":"Mobile Crowdsensing and Crowdsourcing","score":0.9765999913215637,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7669813632965088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reputation","display_name":"Reputation","score":0.6473087072372437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/app-store","display_name":"App store","score":0.6035587787628174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sentiment-analysis","display_name":"Sentiment analysis","score":0.5622028112411499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ranking","display_name":"Ranking (information retrieval)","score":0.48674845695495605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.4294099807739258},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.42564043402671814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/similarity","display_name":"Similarity (geometry)","score":0.4218772053718567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.3556382954120636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3484511077404022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-privacy","display_name":"Internet privacy","score":0.3391076326370239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.2915409207344055}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7669813632965088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48798503","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q877546","display_name":"Reputation","level":2,"score":0.6473087072372437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779794324","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3814081","display_name":"App store","level":2,"score":0.6035587787628174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66402592","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2271421","display_name":"Sentiment analysis","level":2,"score":0.5622028112411499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189430467","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7293293","display_name":"Ranking (information retrieval)","level":2,"score":0.48674845695495605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.4294099807739258},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.42564043402671814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103278499","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q254465","display_name":"Similarity (geometry)","level":3,"score":0.4218772053718567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.3556382954120636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3484511077404022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108827166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175975","display_name":"Internet privacy","level":1,"score":0.3391076326370239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2915409207344055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/info14070393","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info14070393","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/14/7/393/pdf?version=1689062438","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219776","display_name":"Information","issn_l":"2078-2489","issn":["2078-2489"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:961ce204897f4fc19701429d36903a46","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/961ce204897f4fc19701429d36903a46","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Information, Vol 14, Iss 7, p 393 (2023)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2078-2489/14/7/393/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/info14070393","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Information; Volume 14; Issue 7; Pages: 393","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/info14070393","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info14070393","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/14/7/393/pdf?version=1689062438","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219776","display_name":"Information","issn_l":"2078-2489","issn":["2078-2489"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G151919317","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61802252","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4384037544.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1964556792","https://openalex.org/W2005008227","https://openalex.org/W2019333963","https://openalex.org/W2025440088","https://openalex.org/W2127935984","https://openalex.org/W2131681506","https://openalex.org/W2133591726","https://openalex.org/W2153579005","https://openalex.org/W2284279238","https://openalex.org/W2741784227","https://openalex.org/W2752337926","https://openalex.org/W2782836818","https://openalex.org/W2788448301","https://openalex.org/W2790777273","https://openalex.org/W2804078845","https://openalex.org/W2907684189","https://openalex.org/W2911964244","https://openalex.org/W2955034357","https://openalex.org/W2966616345","https://openalex.org/W2981508946","https://openalex.org/W3009668479","https://openalex.org/W3098204138","https://openalex.org/W3099768174","https://openalex.org/W3111343554","https://openalex.org/W3160453532","https://openalex.org/W3169041957","https://openalex.org/W3171675996","https://openalex.org/W4205907503","https://openalex.org/W4206571794","https://openalex.org/W4224262160","https://openalex.org/W4312823198"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4392337488","https://openalex.org/W2102271161","https://openalex.org/W2548633793","https://openalex.org/W3013279174","https://openalex.org/W4313425421","https://openalex.org/W4287775559","https://openalex.org/W3031886967","https://openalex.org/W3034819374","https://openalex.org/W2016395443","https://openalex.org/W2735932444"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Application":[0],"marketplaces":[1],"collect":[2],"ratings":[3],"and":[4,27,33,62,81,95,103,122,134,151,161,182],"reviews":[5,19,38,64,164],"from":[6,100],"users":[7,80],"to":[8,20,74,86,170,184],"provide":[9],"references":[10],"for":[11],"other":[12,29],"consumers.":[13,30],"Many":[14],"crowdturfing":[15,48,61,98,130,163],"activities":[16],"abuse":[17],"user":[18],"manipulate":[21],"the":[22,35,40,45,51,66,76,82,89,97,101,152,179,186],"reputation":[23],"of":[24,37,47,60,113,168,189],"an":[25,166],"app":[26,41,139,190],"mislead":[28],"To":[31],"understand":[32],"improve":[34],"ecosystem":[36],"in":[39,65,133,138,147,178],"market,":[42],"we":[43,93],"investigate":[44,127],"existence":[46],"based":[49],"on":[50],"App":[52,67,180],"Store.":[53,68],"This":[54,172],"paper":[55],"reports":[56],"a":[57,71],"measurement":[58],"study":[59,173],"its":[63],"We":[69,109,125],"use":[70],"sliding":[72],"window":[73],"obtain":[75],"relationship":[77],"graph":[78],"between":[79],"community":[83],"detection":[84],"method":[85],"binary":[87],"classify":[88],"detected":[90],"communities.":[91],"Then,":[92],"measure":[94],"analyze":[96,110],"obtained":[99],"classification":[102],"compare":[104],"them":[105],"with":[106,165],"genuine":[107],"users.":[108],"several":[111],"features":[112,146],"crowdturfing,":[114],"such":[115],"as":[116,145],"ratings,":[117],"sentiment":[118],"scores,":[119],"text":[120],"similarity,":[121],"common":[123],"words.":[124],"also":[126],"which":[128],"apps":[129],"often":[131],"appears":[132],"reveal":[135],"their":[136],"role":[137],"ranking.":[140],"These":[141],"insights":[142],"are":[143],"used":[144],"machine":[148],"learning":[149],"models,":[150],"results":[153],"show":[154],"that":[155],"they":[156],"can":[157],"effectively":[158],"train":[159],"classifiers":[160],"detect":[162],"accuracy":[167],"up":[169],"98.13%.":[171],"reveals":[174],"malicious":[175],"crowdfunding":[176],"practices":[177],"Store":[181],"helps":[183],"strengthen":[185],"review":[187],"security":[188],"marketplaces.":[191]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
