{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4381687355","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info14070352","title":"Ensemble System of Deep Neural Networks for Single-Channel Audio Separation","display_name":"Ensemble System of Deep Neural Networks for Single-Channel Audio Separation","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-06-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4381687355","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info14070352"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/info14070352","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info14070352","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/14/7/352/pdf?version=1687935717","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219776","display_name":"Information","issn_l":"2078-2489","issn":["2078-2489"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/14/7/352/pdf?version=1687935717","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053424993","display_name":"Musab T. S. Al-Kaltakchi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5542-9144"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I15873915","display_name":"Mustansiriyah University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s04wy35","country_code":"IQ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I15873915"]}],"countries":["IQ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Musab T. S. Al-Kaltakchi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad 10047, Iraq"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5542-9144","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad 10047, Iraq","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I15873915"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072058317","display_name":"Ahmad Saeed Mohammad","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6141-2605"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I15873915","display_name":"Mustansiriyah University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s04wy35","country_code":"IQ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I15873915"]}],"countries":["IQ"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ahmad Saeed Mohammad","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad 10047, Iraq"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6141-2605","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad 10047, Iraq","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I15873915"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084431277","display_name":"Wai Lok Woo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8698-7605"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32394136","display_name":"Northumbria University","ror":"https://ror.org/049e6bc10","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32394136"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wai Lok Woo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer and Information Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 8ST, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8698-7605","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer and Information Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 8ST, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32394136"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5072058317"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I15873915"],"apc_list":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"apc_paid":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"fwci":1.4997,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.83047277,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"7","first_page":"352","last_page":"352"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10860","display_name":"Speech and Audio Processing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10860","display_name":"Speech and Audio Processing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11447","display_name":"Blind Source Separation Techniques","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11233","display_name":"Advanced Adaptive Filtering Techniques","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.745277464389801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discriminative-model","display_name":"Discriminative model","score":0.7229451537132263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ibm","display_name":"IBM","score":0.6326574087142944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5999572277069092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.5815971493721008},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.5332873463630676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/binary-number","display_name":"Binary number","score":0.5313439965248108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5162118077278137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.5074712634086609},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/binary-classification","display_name":"Binary classification","score":0.4785912036895752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.4489337205886841},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.4378969669342041},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genetic-algorithm","display_name":"Genetic algorithm","score":0.41919559240341187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.3663027882575989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3322460651397705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.10765066742897034}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.745277464389801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97931131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5282087","display_name":"Discriminative model","level":2,"score":0.7229451537132263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70388272","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5968558","display_name":"IBM","level":2,"score":0.6326574087142944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5999572277069092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.5815971493721008},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.5332873463630676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48372109","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3913","display_name":"Binary number","level":2,"score":0.5313439965248108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5162118077278137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.5074712634086609},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66905080","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17005494","display_name":"Binary classification","level":3,"score":0.4785912036895752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.4489337205886841},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.4378969669342041},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8880873","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187787","display_name":"Genetic algorithm","level":2,"score":0.41919559240341187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.3663027882575989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3322460651397705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.10765066742897034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171250308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468","display_name":"Nanotechnology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94375191","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11205","display_name":"Arithmetic","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/info14070352","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info14070352","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/14/7/352/pdf?version=1687935717","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219776","display_name":"Information","issn_l":"2078-2489","issn":["2078-2489"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:e7b0847655b3445cb2c38bb3ef18361e","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/e7b0847655b3445cb2c38bb3ef18361e","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Information, Vol 14, Iss 7, p 352 (2023)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2078-2489/14/7/352/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/info14070352","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Information; Volume 14; Issue 7; Pages: 352","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/info14070352","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info14070352","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/14/7/352/pdf?version=1687935717","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219776","display_name":"Information","issn_l":"2078-2489","issn":["2078-2489"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","score":0.699999988079071}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4381687355.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":52,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1607142029","https://openalex.org/W1963970749","https://openalex.org/W1967834974","https://openalex.org/W1978508564","https://openalex.org/W1989364685","https://openalex.org/W2012204351","https://openalex.org/W2020898092","https://openalex.org/W2026131661","https://openalex.org/W2039844283","https://openalex.org/W2044222806","https://openalex.org/W2046800867","https://openalex.org/W2053264371","https://openalex.org/W2070707809","https://openalex.org/W2111072639","https://openalex.org/W2137075158","https://openalex.org/W2138857742","https://openalex.org/W2141998673","https://openalex.org/W2149425615","https://openalex.org/W2159632499","https://openalex.org/W2166782149","https://openalex.org/W2168379380","https://openalex.org/W2301541953","https://openalex.org/W2344244807","https://openalex.org/W2344535577","https://openalex.org/W2345067732","https://openalex.org/W2408744528","https://openalex.org/W2610674366","https://openalex.org/W2625041691","https://openalex.org/W2774352029","https://openalex.org/W2789848366","https://openalex.org/W2891508564","https://openalex.org/W2941742577","https://openalex.org/W2952218014","https://openalex.org/W2971526234","https://openalex.org/W3011424113","https://openalex.org/W3014419348","https://openalex.org/W3015201698","https://openalex.org/W3016640984","https://openalex.org/W3024731668","https://openalex.org/W3031404175","https://openalex.org/W3099330747","https://openalex.org/W3115902677","https://openalex.org/W3125976096","https://openalex.org/W3126829211","https://openalex.org/W3134971145","https://openalex.org/W3134997447","https://openalex.org/W3138445260","https://openalex.org/W3139285504","https://openalex.org/W3185109982","https://openalex.org/W3197846015","https://openalex.org/W4231109964","https://openalex.org/W6775586287"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3126131865","https://openalex.org/W2965546495","https://openalex.org/W2153315159","https://openalex.org/W3103844505","https://openalex.org/W2044344400","https://openalex.org/W4205463238","https://openalex.org/W4253186488","https://openalex.org/W1996938127","https://openalex.org/W259157601","https://openalex.org/W2761785940"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Speech":[0,49],"separation":[1,50],"is":[2,9,21,44],"a":[3,56,70,89,135,152,179],"well-known":[4],"problem,":[5],"especially":[6],"when":[7],"there":[8],"only":[10],"one":[11,22],"sound":[12],"mixture":[13],"available.":[14],"Estimating":[15],"the":[16,32,42,99,103,113,120,124,145,160,166],"Ideal":[17],"Binary":[18],"Mask":[19],"(IBM)":[20],"solution":[23],"to":[24,96,133,158],"this":[25,47,85],"problem.":[26],"Recent":[27],"research":[28],"has":[29,51],"focused":[30],"on":[31,69],"supervised":[33],"classification":[34],"approach.":[35],"The":[36,62,73,127,163],"challenge":[37],"of":[38,58,64,76,102,118,165],"extracting":[39],"features":[40,78,105,121,137,176],"from":[41,107,123],"sources":[43],"critical":[45],"for":[46],"method.":[48],"been":[52,81],"accomplished":[53],"by":[54,143],"using":[55,144],"variety":[57],"feature":[59],"extraction":[60],"models.":[61],"majority":[63],"them,":[65],"however,":[66],"are":[67],"concentrated":[68],"single":[71],"feature.":[72],"complementary":[74],"nature":[75,101],"various":[77,175],"have":[79],"not":[80],"thoroughly":[82],"investigated.":[83],"In":[84,150],"paper,":[86],"we":[87],"propose":[88],"deep":[90],"neural":[91],"network":[92],"(DNN)":[93],"ensemble":[94],"architecture":[95],"completely":[97,173],"explore":[98],"complimentary":[100],"diverse":[104],"obtained":[106],"raw":[108],"acoustic":[109],"features.":[110],"We":[111],"examined":[112],"penultimate":[114],"discriminative":[115],"representations":[116,129],"instead":[117],"employing":[119],"acquired":[122],"output":[125],"layer.":[126],"learned":[128],"were":[130],"also":[131],"fused":[132],"produce":[134],"new":[136],"vector,":[138],"which":[139],"was":[140,156],"then":[141],"classified":[142],"Extreme":[146],"Learning":[147],"Machine":[148],"(ELM).":[149],"addition,":[151],"genetic":[153],"algorithm":[154],"(GA)":[155],"created":[157],"optimize":[159],"parameters":[161],"globally.":[162],"results":[164],"experiments":[167],"showed":[168],"that":[169],"our":[170],"proposed":[171],"system":[172],"considered":[174],"and":[177],"produced":[178],"high-quality":[180],"IBM":[181],"under":[182],"different":[183],"conditions.":[184]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T09:19:25.381259","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
