{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4372350273","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info14050274","title":"Continuous User Authentication on Multiple Smart Devices","display_name":"Continuous User Authentication on Multiple Smart Devices","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-05-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4372350273","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info14050274"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/info14050274","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info14050274","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/14/5/274/pdf?version=1683268573","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219776","display_name":"Information","issn_l":"2078-2489","issn":["2078-2489"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/14/5/274/pdf?version=1683268573","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100455423","display_name":"Yajie Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8368-2363"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141962983","display_name":"Shanghai University of Engineering Science","ror":"https://ror.org/0557b9y08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141962983"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yajie Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai 201620, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai 201620, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141962983"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100352985","display_name":"Xiaomei Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7139-0243"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141962983","display_name":"Shanghai University of Engineering Science","ror":"https://ror.org/0557b9y08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141962983"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xiaomei Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai 201620, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai 201620, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141962983"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008603436","display_name":"Haomin Hu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141962983","display_name":"Shanghai University of Engineering Science","ror":"https://ror.org/0557b9y08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141962983"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haomin Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai 201620, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai 201620, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141962983"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100352985"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141962983"],"apc_list":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"apc_paid":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"fwci":5.0734,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95511771,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"5","first_page":"274","last_page":"274"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11800","display_name":"User Authentication and Security Systems","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11800","display_name":"User Authentication and Security Systems","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10828","display_name":"Biometric Identification and Security","score":0.9965000152587891,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9855999946594238,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8059430122375488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/authentication","display_name":"Authentication (law)","score":0.6953269243240356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biometrics","display_name":"Biometrics","score":0.6750060319900513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobile-device","display_name":"Mobile device","score":0.592643141746521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multi-factor-authentication","display_name":"Multi-factor authentication","score":0.45184943079948425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identification","display_name":"Identification (biology)","score":0.43535545468330383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.4264422059059143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smart-device","display_name":"Smart device","score":0.412270188331604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.36016833782196045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.34624183177948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3460829555988312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.32900360226631165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/authentication-protocol","display_name":"Authentication protocol","score":0.3178498148918152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.23167684674263}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8059430122375488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148417208","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4825882","display_name":"Authentication (law)","level":2,"score":0.6953269243240356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184297639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177765","display_name":"Biometrics","level":2,"score":0.6750060319900513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186967261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5082128","display_name":"Mobile device","level":2,"score":0.592643141746521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194699767","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7878662","display_name":"Multi-factor authentication","level":4,"score":0.45184943079948425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.43535545468330383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.4264422059059143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776898695","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11253473","display_name":"Smart device","level":2,"score":0.412270188331604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.36016833782196045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.34624183177948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3460829555988312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.32900360226631165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21564112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4825885","display_name":"Authentication protocol","level":3,"score":0.3178498148918152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.23167684674263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/info14050274","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info14050274","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/14/5/274/pdf?version=1683268573","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219776","display_name":"Information","issn_l":"2078-2489","issn":["2078-2489"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:9e8936e41e92485ebaa9d989e011ec2d","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/9e8936e41e92485ebaa9d989e011ec2d","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Information, Vol 14, Iss 5, p 274 (2023)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2078-2489/14/5/274/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/info14050274","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Information; Volume 14; Issue 5; Pages: 274","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/info14050274","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info14050274","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/14/5/274/pdf?version=1683268573","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219776","display_name":"Information","issn_l":"2078-2489","issn":["2078-2489"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.5699999928474426}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G151919317","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61802252","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2087396116","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"China","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3317480652","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Science","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5475301337","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"18022","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5994120800","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Natural","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4372350273.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W134960717","https://openalex.org/W1840637580","https://openalex.org/W2468005481","https://openalex.org/W2492950266","https://openalex.org/W2625695604","https://openalex.org/W2735324851","https://openalex.org/W2791180050","https://openalex.org/W2884068903","https://openalex.org/W2888524942","https://openalex.org/W2896561506","https://openalex.org/W2908831468","https://openalex.org/W2911233953","https://openalex.org/W2913249475","https://openalex.org/W2913539895","https://openalex.org/W2927977632","https://openalex.org/W2946673832","https://openalex.org/W2969634467","https://openalex.org/W2979639830","https://openalex.org/W3006036296","https://openalex.org/W3007591195","https://openalex.org/W3008038029","https://openalex.org/W3008580541","https://openalex.org/W3014370958","https://openalex.org/W3018691868","https://openalex.org/W3046203885","https://openalex.org/W3081559749","https://openalex.org/W3091775538","https://openalex.org/W3134199334","https://openalex.org/W3166656607","https://openalex.org/W3194085428","https://openalex.org/W4240495026","https://openalex.org/W4281872409","https://openalex.org/W4283259439","https://openalex.org/W4285815046","https://openalex.org/W6663776826"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3104966193","https://openalex.org/W2093798919","https://openalex.org/W3101929529","https://openalex.org/W2907262898","https://openalex.org/W2393298610","https://openalex.org/W2050433615","https://openalex.org/W2034419863","https://openalex.org/W3022695109","https://openalex.org/W2363363251","https://openalex.org/W2054202867"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Recent":[0],"developments":[1],"in":[2,13,253],"the":[3,14,115,137,168,190,216,238],"mobile":[4],"and":[5,84,121,127,152,177,192,228,235,246,250,264],"intelligence":[6],"industry":[7],"have":[8,36],"led":[9],"to":[10,39,81,86,91,166,188],"an":[11,201],"explosion":[12],"use":[15],"of":[16,48,139,171,194,218,244],"multiple":[17,55,107,197],"smart":[18,24,56,108],"devices":[19,176],"such":[20],"as":[21,136],"smartphones,":[22],"tablets,":[23,251],"bracelets,":[25],"etc.":[26],"To":[27],"achieve":[28],"lasting":[29],"security":[30],"after":[31,77],"initial":[32,79],"authentication,":[33],"many":[34],"studies":[35],"been":[37],"conducted":[38],"apply":[40],"user":[41,52,63,98,208,222],"authentication":[42,53,64,69,99,195,209,223],"through":[43],"behavioral":[44,103,131],"biometrics.":[45],"However,":[46],"few":[47],"them":[49,180],"consider":[50,114],"continuous":[51,97,221],"on":[54,70,106,124,196],"devices.":[57,88,109],"In":[58,89,110,159,186],"this":[59,111],"paper,":[60],"we":[61,94,113,161,199,240],"investigate":[62],"from":[65],"a":[66,96,147,153],"new":[67],"perspective\u2014continuous":[68],"multi-devices,":[71],"that":[72,101,259],"is,":[73],"continuously":[74],"authenticating":[75],"users":[76,262],"both":[78,125],"access":[80],"one":[82],"device":[83],"transfer":[85],"other":[87],"contrast":[90],"previous":[92],"studies,":[93],"propose":[95],"method":[100],"exploits":[102],"biometric":[104,132],"identification":[105],"study,":[112],"sensor":[116,172],"data":[117,133],"captured":[118],"by":[119,205],"accelerometer":[120],"gyroscope":[122],"sensors":[123],"smartphones":[126,249],"tablets.":[128],"Furthermore,":[129],"multi-device":[130,220],"are":[134],"utilized":[135],"input":[138,179],"our":[140,182,219],"optimized":[141],"neural":[142,149],"network":[143,150,183],"model,":[144],"which":[145,257],"combines":[146],"convolutional":[148],"(CNN)":[151],"long":[154],"short-term":[155],"memory":[156],"(LSTM)":[157],"network.":[158],"particular,":[160],"construct":[162],"two-dimensional":[163],"domain":[164],"images":[165],"characterize":[167],"underlying":[169],"features":[170],"signals":[173],"between":[174],"different":[175,226],"then":[178],"into":[181,211],"for":[184,248],"classification.":[185],"order":[187],"strengthen":[189],"effectiveness":[191],"efficiency":[193],"devices,":[198],"introduce":[200],"adaptive":[202],"confidence-based":[203],"strategy":[204],"taking":[206],"historical":[207],"results":[210,231],"account.":[212],"This":[213],"paper":[214],"evaluates":[215],"performance":[217],"mechanism":[224],"under":[225],"scenarios,":[227],"extensive":[229],"empirical":[230],"demonstrate":[232],"its":[233],"feasibility":[234],"efficiency.":[236],"Using":[237],"mechanism,":[239],"achieved":[241],"mean":[242],"accuracies":[243],"99.8%":[245],"99.2%":[247],"respectively,":[252],"approximately":[254],"2.3":[255],"s,":[256],"shows":[258],"it":[260],"authenticates":[261],"accurately":[263],"quickly.":[265]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-03-18T14:38:29.013473","created_date":"2023-05-07T00:00:00"}