{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4366597418","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info14040248","title":"Energy-Efficient Parallel Computing: Challenges to Scaling","display_name":"Energy-Efficient Parallel Computing: Challenges to Scaling","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-04-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4366597418","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info14040248"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/info14040248","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info14040248","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/14/4/248/pdf?version=1681982183","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219776","display_name":"Information","issn_l":"2078-2489","issn":["2078-2489"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/14/4/248/pdf?version=1681982183","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084068586","display_name":"Alexey Lastovetsky","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9460-3897"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I100930933","display_name":"University College Dublin","ror":"https://ror.org/05m7pjf47","country_code":"IE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I100930933"]}],"countries":["IE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alexey Lastovetsky","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, University College Dublin, D04V1W8 Dublin, Ireland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9460-3897","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, University College Dublin, D04V1W8 Dublin, Ireland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100930933"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078230040","display_name":"Ravi Reddy Manumachu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9181-3290"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I100930933","display_name":"University College Dublin","ror":"https://ror.org/05m7pjf47","country_code":"IE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I100930933"]}],"countries":["IE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ravi Reddy Manumachu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, University College Dublin, D04V1W8 Dublin, Ireland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9181-3290","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, University College Dublin, D04V1W8 Dublin, Ireland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100930933"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5078230040"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100930933"],"apc_list":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1782},"apc_paid":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1782},"fwci":4.4083,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":19,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94482522,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"4","first_page":"248","last_page":"248"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10054","display_name":"Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10054","display_name":"Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10101","display_name":"Cloud Computing and Resource Management","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11181","display_name":"Advanced Data Storage Technologies","score":0.9966999888420105,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8052176237106323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/efficient-energy-use","display_name":"Efficient energy use","score":0.6593492031097412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-consumption","display_name":"Energy consumption","score":0.6128225326538086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multi-core-processor","display_name":"Multi-core processor","score":0.5749534964561462},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing","display_name":"Cloud computing","score":0.5661117434501648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/component","display_name":"Component (thermodynamics)","score":0.5459401607513428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.5267574191093445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.49118801951408386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/supercomputer","display_name":"Supercomputer","score":0.45708537101745605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frequency-scaling","display_name":"Frequency scaling","score":0.41722163558006287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-architecture","display_name":"Computer architecture","score":0.39391541481018066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.3278992474079132},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.23554375767707825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.13342171907424927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.09689003229141235}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8052176237106323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2742236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q924713","display_name":"Efficient energy use","level":2,"score":0.6593492031097412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780165032","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16869822","display_name":"Energy consumption","level":2,"score":0.6128225326538086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78766204","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q555032","display_name":"Multi-core processor","level":2,"score":0.5749534964561462},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.5661117434501648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168167062","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1117970","display_name":"Component (thermodynamics)","level":2,"score":0.5459401607513428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.5267574191093445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.49118801951408386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83283714","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121117","display_name":"Supercomputer","level":2,"score":0.45708537101745605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157742956","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3237776","display_name":"Frequency scaling","level":3,"score":0.41722163558006287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118524514","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173212","display_name":"Computer architecture","level":1,"score":0.39391541481018066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.3278992474079132},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.23554375767707825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.13342171907424927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.09689003229141235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/info14040248","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info14040248","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/14/4/248/pdf?version=1681982183","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219776","display_name":"Information","issn_l":"2078-2489","issn":["2078-2489"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:7c67b87561394372903edd6102ad6a1e","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/7c67b87561394372903edd6102ad6a1e","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Information, Vol 14, Iss 4, p 248 (2023)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2078-2489/14/4/248/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/info14040248","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Information; Volume 14; Issue 4; Pages: 248","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/info14040248","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info14040248","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/14/4/248/pdf?version=1681982183","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219776","display_name":"Information","issn_l":"2078-2489","issn":["2078-2489"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7799999713897705,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1933391684","display_name":"Models, Algorithms and Software for Energy-efficient Parallel Computing in Heterogeneous Hybrid Multicore Era","funder_award_id":"20/FFP-P/8683","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320847","funder_display_name":"Science Foundation Ireland"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3611315278","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"20/FFP-P/","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320847","funder_display_name":"Science Foundation Ireland"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G383338587","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"21/RDD/664","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320848","funder_display_name":"Sustainable Energy Authority of Ireland"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6142727125","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"20/FFP-P/8683","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320848","funder_display_name":"Sustainable Energy Authority of Ireland"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6895058499","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"21/RDD/664","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320847","funder_display_name":"Science Foundation Ireland"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320847","display_name":"Science Foundation Ireland","ror":"https://ror.org/0271asj38"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320848","display_name":"Sustainable Energy Authority of Ireland","ror":"https://ror.org/015j3sb07"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4366597418.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":38,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1628605343","https://openalex.org/W1961751213","https://openalex.org/W1977661221","https://openalex.org/W1978969737","https://openalex.org/W1991518265","https://openalex.org/W2008499862","https://openalex.org/W2021157069","https://openalex.org/W2045231673","https://openalex.org/W2070525241","https://openalex.org/W2075285664","https://openalex.org/W2093326633","https://openalex.org/W2106938618","https://openalex.org/W2116367043","https://openalex.org/W2122297544","https://openalex.org/W2125980577","https://openalex.org/W2170059648","https://openalex.org/W2175477959","https://openalex.org/W2246786759","https://openalex.org/W2519627041","https://openalex.org/W2530033878","https://openalex.org/W2748740248","https://openalex.org/W2780884712","https://openalex.org/W2801415324","https://openalex.org/W2948541941","https://openalex.org/W3025634767","https://openalex.org/W3044220387","https://openalex.org/W3090575287","https://openalex.org/W3101951032","https://openalex.org/W3121283975","https://openalex.org/W3127404227","https://openalex.org/W3158821238","https://openalex.org/W4213364828","https://openalex.org/W4223535258","https://openalex.org/W4246565613","https://openalex.org/W4289827796","https://openalex.org/W4294589493","https://openalex.org/W6748112299","https://openalex.org/W6788383262"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2384867379","https://openalex.org/W2154351074","https://openalex.org/W2151223307","https://openalex.org/W2023400509","https://openalex.org/W2332054630","https://openalex.org/W2590100594","https://openalex.org/W3023876411","https://openalex.org/W2609678089","https://openalex.org/W2898122376","https://openalex.org/W123152114"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,15,31],"energy":[1,38,84,106,134,150,157,202],"consumption":[2],"of":[3,26,33,54,78,108,119],"Information":[4],"and":[5,29,66,85,93,137,141,151,160,168,182,199],"Communications":[6],"Technology":[7],"(ICT)":[8],"presents":[9],"a":[10],"new":[11],"grand":[12],"technological":[13],"challenge.":[14],"two":[16,89,190],"main":[17],"approaches":[18],"to":[19,47,60,155,178,187],"tackle":[20],"the":[21,24,48,52,103,109,115,120,126,130,146,174,185],"challenge":[22],"include":[23],"development":[25,32],"energy-efficient":[27,34],"hardware":[28],"software.":[30],"software":[35],"employing":[36],"application-level":[37,79],"optimization":[39,81,147,197],"techniques":[40],"has":[41],"become":[42],"an":[43,76],"important":[44],"category":[45],"owing":[46],"paradigm":[49],"shift":[50],"in":[51,96,129,164],"composition":[53],"digital":[55],"platforms":[56,62,167],"from":[57],"single-core":[58],"processors":[59],"heterogeneous":[61],"integrating":[63],"multicore":[64],"CPUs":[65],"graphics":[67],"processing":[68],"units":[69],"(GPUs).":[70],"In":[71],"this":[72,180],"work,":[73],"we":[74,124],"present":[75,138],"overview":[77],"bi-objective":[80],"methods":[82,104,136,148,198],"for":[83,149,206],"performance":[86,142,152],"that":[87],"address":[88],"fundamental":[90],"challenges,":[91],"non-linearity":[92],"heterogeneity,":[94],"inherent":[95],"modern":[97,165],"high-performance":[98],"computing":[99,170],"(HPC)":[100],"platforms.":[101],"Applying":[102],"requires":[105],"profiles":[107],"application\u2019s":[110],"computational":[111],"kernels":[112],"executing":[113],"on":[114,209],"different":[116],"compute":[117],"devices":[118],"HPC":[121,166],"platform.":[122],"Therefore,":[123],"summarize":[125],"research":[127],"innovations":[128],"three":[131],"mainstream":[132],"component-level":[133,201],"measurement":[135],"their":[139],"accuracy":[140],"tradeoffs.":[143],"Finally,":[144],"scaling":[145,181],"is":[153],"crucial":[154],"achieving":[156],"efficiency":[158],"objectives":[159],"meeting":[161],"quality-of-service":[162],"requirements":[163],"cloud":[169],"infrastructures.":[171],"We":[172],"introduce":[173],"building":[175],"blocks":[176],"needed":[177],"achieve":[179],"conclude":[183],"with":[184],"challenges":[186,192],"scaling.":[188],"Briefly,":[189],"significant":[191],"are":[193],"described,":[194],"namely":[195],"fast":[196],"accurate":[200],"runtime":[203],"measurements,":[204],"especially":[205],"components":[207],"running":[208],"accelerators.":[210]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-07-23T08:03:31.855105","created_date":"2023-04-23T00:00:00"}