{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4328119365","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info14030197","title":"A Reference Architecture for Enabling Interoperability and Data Sovereignty in the Agricultural Data Space","display_name":"A Reference Architecture for Enabling Interoperability and Data Sovereignty in the Agricultural Data Space","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-03-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4328119365","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info14030197"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/info14030197","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info14030197","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/14/3/197/pdf?version=1679374033","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219776","display_name":"Information","issn_l":"2078-2489","issn":["2078-2489"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/14/3/197/pdf?version=1679374033","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054984337","display_name":"Rodrigo Falc\u00e3o","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1222-0046"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210098380","display_name":"Fraunhofer Institute for Experimental Software Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/00r1wdc11","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210098380","https://openalex.org/I4923324"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Rodrigo Falc\u00e3o","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fraunhofer Institute for Experimental Software Engineering IESE, Fraunhofer-Platz 1, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1222-0046","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fraunhofer Institute for Experimental Software Engineering IESE, Fraunhofer-Platz 1, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210098380"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030146042","display_name":"Raghad Matar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7814-1079"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210098380","display_name":"Fraunhofer Institute for Experimental Software Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/00r1wdc11","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210098380","https://openalex.org/I4923324"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Raghad Matar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fraunhofer Institute for Experimental Software Engineering IESE, Fraunhofer-Platz 1, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7814-1079","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fraunhofer Institute for Experimental Software Engineering IESE, Fraunhofer-Platz 1, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210098380"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034268538","display_name":"Bernd Rauch","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3416-9299"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210098380","display_name":"Fraunhofer Institute for Experimental Software Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/00r1wdc11","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210098380","https://openalex.org/I4923324"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bernd Rauch","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fraunhofer Institute for Experimental Software Engineering IESE, Fraunhofer-Platz 1, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3416-9299","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fraunhofer Institute for Experimental Software Engineering IESE, Fraunhofer-Platz 1, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210098380"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006428352","display_name":"Frank Elberzhager","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8748-3927"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210098380","display_name":"Fraunhofer Institute for Experimental Software Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/00r1wdc11","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210098380","https://openalex.org/I4923324"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Frank Elberzhager","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fraunhofer Institute for Experimental Software Engineering IESE, Fraunhofer-Platz 1, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8748-3927","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fraunhofer Institute for Experimental Software Engineering IESE, Fraunhofer-Platz 1, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210098380"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085625371","display_name":"Matthias Koch","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7640-5237"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210098380","display_name":"Fraunhofer Institute for Experimental Software Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/00r1wdc11","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210098380","https://openalex.org/I4923324"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Matthias Koch","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fraunhofer Institute for Experimental Software Engineering IESE, Fraunhofer-Platz 1, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7640-5237","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fraunhofer Institute for Experimental Software Engineering IESE, Fraunhofer-Platz 1, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210098380"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5054984337"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210098380"],"apc_list":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"apc_paid":{"value":443,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":477},"fwci":11.3343,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":26,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9838346,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"3","first_page":"197","last_page":"197"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10679","display_name":"Service-Oriented Architecture and Web Services","score":0.9829000234603882,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10679","display_name":"Service-Oriented Architecture and Web Services","score":0.9829000234603882,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.9781000018119812,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11437","display_name":"Digital Platforms and Economics","score":0.972100019454956,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interoperability","display_name":"Interoperability","score":0.8818376660346985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sovereignty","display_name":"Sovereignty","score":0.716693639755249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/architecture","display_name":"Architecture","score":0.657306432723999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/domain","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","score":0.6567513346672058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reference-architecture","display_name":"Reference architecture","score":0.6191855072975159},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.5655679702758789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5574239492416382},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/agriculture","display_name":"Agriculture","score":0.5564499497413635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/space","display_name":"Space (punctuation)","score":0.4895106554031372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cross-domain-interoperability","display_name":"Cross-domain interoperability","score":0.4773124158382416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-architecture","display_name":"Software architecture","score":0.37754181027412415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.331257700920105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semantic-interoperability","display_name":"Semantic interoperability","score":0.3180510401725769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.31536194682121277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.2423451542854309},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.17470955848693848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.12593859434127808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.08765903115272522}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20136886","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q749647","display_name":"Interoperability","level":2,"score":0.8818376660346985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186229450","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42008","display_name":"Sovereignty","level":3,"score":0.716693639755249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123657996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12271","display_name":"Architecture","level":2,"score":0.657306432723999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36503486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11235244","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.6567513346672058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55356503","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2136675","display_name":"Reference architecture","level":4,"score":0.6191855072975159},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.5655679702758789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5574239492416382},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118518473","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11451","display_name":"Agriculture","level":2,"score":0.5564499497413635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778572836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380933","display_name":"Space (punctuation)","level":2,"score":0.4895106554031372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26805982","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17008183","display_name":"Cross-domain interoperability","level":4,"score":0.4773124158382416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C35869016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846636","display_name":"Software architecture","level":3,"score":0.37754181027412415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.331257700920105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192800085","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5258530","display_name":"Semantic interoperability","level":3,"score":0.3180510401725769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.31536194682121277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.2423451542854309},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.17470955848693848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.12593859434127808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.08765903115272522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/info14030197","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info14030197","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/14/3/197/pdf?version=1679374033","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219776","display_name":"Information","issn_l":"2078-2489","issn":["2078-2489"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:786cf9a864af48209e9e0f3599f0f861","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/786cf9a864af48209e9e0f3599f0f861","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Information, Vol 14, Iss 3, p 197 (2023)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2078-2489/14/3/197/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/info14030197","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Information; Volume 14; Issue 3; Pages: 197","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:publica.fraunhofer.de:publica/441477","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://publica.fraunhofer.de/handle/publica/441477","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400318","display_name":"Fraunhofer-Publica (Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4923324","host_organization_name":"Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4923324"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"journal article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/info14030197","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info14030197","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/14/3/197/pdf?version=1679374033","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219776","display_name":"Information","issn_l":"2078-2489","issn":["2078-2489"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","score":0.7099999785423279,"display_name":"Zero hunger"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321773","display_name":"Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft","ror":"https://ror.org/05hkkdn48"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4328119365.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1968767190","https://openalex.org/W2135093973","https://openalex.org/W2345703675","https://openalex.org/W2480087699","https://openalex.org/W2904911455","https://openalex.org/W2944766936","https://openalex.org/W2970044597","https://openalex.org/W3035003368","https://openalex.org/W3127194576","https://openalex.org/W3127757142","https://openalex.org/W3137711069","https://openalex.org/W3142061170","https://openalex.org/W3209398723","https://openalex.org/W4214502976","https://openalex.org/W4232383493","https://openalex.org/W4255888652","https://openalex.org/W4280512220","https://openalex.org/W4283709591","https://openalex.org/W4286543363","https://openalex.org/W6754953715","https://openalex.org/W6757302085","https://openalex.org/W6762143397","https://openalex.org/W6779480349","https://openalex.org/W6941284331"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2109385585","https://openalex.org/W3209454962","https://openalex.org/W2913525168","https://openalex.org/W939442210","https://openalex.org/W2621382554","https://openalex.org/W3179006481","https://openalex.org/W2885367039","https://openalex.org/W2529808481","https://openalex.org/W3036438062","https://openalex.org/W2531681040"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Agriculture":[0],"is":[1,21,46],"one":[2],"of":[3,7,19,23,58,75,96,136],"the":[4,8,38,44,73,76,106,113,121,134,137],"major":[5],"sectors":[6],"global":[9],"economy":[10],"and":[11,53,56,86,91,116,129],"also":[12,34],"a":[13,93,97],"software-intensive":[14],"domain.":[15],"The":[16],"digital":[17,25],"landscape":[18],"agriculture":[20,90],"composed":[22],"multiple":[24],"ecosystems,":[26],"which":[27],"together":[28],"constitute":[29],"an":[30],"agricultural":[31],"domain":[32,45],"ecosystem,":[33],"referred":[35],"to":[36,62,101,132],"as":[37],"\u201cAgricultural":[39],"Data":[40],"Space\u2019\u2019":[41],"(ADS).":[42],"As":[43],"so":[47],"huge,":[48],"there":[49],"are":[50],"several":[51],"sub-domains":[52],"specialized":[54],"solutions,":[55],"each":[57],"them":[59],"poses":[60],"challenges":[61],"interoperability.":[63],"Additionally,":[64],"farmers":[65],"have":[66,126],"increasing":[67],"concerns":[68],"about":[69],"data":[70,87],"sovereignty.":[71],"In":[72,108],"context":[74],"research":[77],"project":[78],"COGNAC,":[79],"we":[80,111],"elicited":[81],"architecture":[82,95],"drivers":[83],"for":[84],"interoperability":[85],"sovereignty":[88],"in":[89,105],"designed":[92],"reference":[94,122],"platform":[98],"that":[99,119],"aims":[100],"address":[102],"these":[103],"qualities":[104],"ADS.":[107],"this":[109],"paper,":[110],"present":[112],"solution":[114],"concepts":[115],"design":[117],"decisions":[118],"characterize":[120],"architecture.":[123],"Early":[124],"prototypes":[125],"been":[127],"developed":[128],"made":[130],"available":[131],"support":[133],"validation":[135],"concept.":[138]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-28T09:10:13.091523","created_date":"2023-03-22T00:00:00"}
