{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4319082318","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info14020087","title":"Masked Face Recognition System Based on Attention Mechanism","display_name":"Masked Face Recognition System Based on Attention Mechanism","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-02-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4319082318","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info14020087"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/info14020087","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info14020087","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/14/2/87/pdf?version=1676016783","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219776","display_name":"Information","issn_l":"2078-2489","issn":["2078-2489"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/14/2/87/pdf?version=1676016783","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030863313","display_name":"Yuming Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1602-6868"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210119942","display_name":"Wuhan Textile University","ror":"https://ror.org/02jgsf398","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210119942"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuming Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210119942"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101563566","display_name":"Yu Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-4569-265X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210119942","display_name":"Wuhan Textile University","ror":"https://ror.org/02jgsf398","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210119942"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yu Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210119942"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043300518","display_name":"Hua Zou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3641-2686"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hua Zou","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430010, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3641-2686","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430010, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5043300518"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"],"apc_list":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1782},"apc_paid":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1782},"fwci":1.7572,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":18,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.85099911,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"2","first_page":"87","last_page":"87"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9911999702453613,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.991100013256073,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facial-recognition-system","display_name":"Facial recognition system","score":0.7618235945701599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7529442310333252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6595563292503357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/three-dimensional-face-recognition","display_name":"Three-dimensional face recognition","score":0.636078953742981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","score":0.6124293804168701},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.5416096448898315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.5393196940422058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.49348151683807373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.49282148480415344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.425087034702301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face-hallucination","display_name":"Face hallucination","score":0.4122685492038727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.3706037104129791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face-detection","display_name":"Face detection","score":0.36615628004074097}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31510193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1192553","display_name":"Facial recognition system","level":3,"score":0.7618235945701599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7529442310333252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6595563292503357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88799230","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3398329","display_name":"Three-dimensional face recognition","level":5,"score":0.636078953742981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779304628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503480","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","level":2,"score":0.6124293804168701},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.5416096448898315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.5393196940422058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.49348151683807373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.49282148480415344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.425087034702301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54654163","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5428359","display_name":"Face hallucination","level":5,"score":0.4122685492038727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.3706037104129791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4641261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11681085","display_name":"Face detection","level":4,"score":0.36615628004074097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/info14020087","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info14020087","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/14/2/87/pdf?version=1676016783","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219776","display_name":"Information","issn_l":"2078-2489","issn":["2078-2489"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:66af4a06259045ec93d1190205b22571","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/66af4a06259045ec93d1190205b22571","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Information, Vol 14, Iss 2, p 87 (2023)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2078-2489/14/2/87/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/info14020087","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Information","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/info14020087","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info14020087","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/14/2/87/pdf?version=1676016783","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219776","display_name":"Information","issn_l":"2078-2489","issn":["2078-2489"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4319082318.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1782590233","https://openalex.org/W2096733369","https://openalex.org/W2097117768","https://openalex.org/W2138621090","https://openalex.org/W2157364932","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2515770085","https://openalex.org/W2520774990","https://openalex.org/W2618530766","https://openalex.org/W2752782242","https://openalex.org/W2794284562","https://openalex.org/W2884585870","https://openalex.org/W2946948417","https://openalex.org/W2955488837","https://openalex.org/W2962898354","https://openalex.org/W2963446712","https://openalex.org/W2963466847","https://openalex.org/W2963671154","https://openalex.org/W2963775347","https://openalex.org/W2967297147","https://openalex.org/W2969985801","https://openalex.org/W3001007330","https://openalex.org/W3019457420","https://openalex.org/W3034552520","https://openalex.org/W3103977047","https://openalex.org/W3124944382","https://openalex.org/W3144423182","https://openalex.org/W3162474807","https://openalex.org/W3177205550","https://openalex.org/W3186860856","https://openalex.org/W3212386989","https://openalex.org/W4200586434","https://openalex.org/W4285604868","https://openalex.org/W4312402191","https://openalex.org/W4312443924"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W325114128","https://openalex.org/W2024640171","https://openalex.org/W4220850864","https://openalex.org/W63491089","https://openalex.org/W4285815683","https://openalex.org/W2185537520","https://openalex.org/W2336272890","https://openalex.org/W2985118265","https://openalex.org/W4312238398","https://openalex.org/W4246863173"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"With":[0],"the":[1,7,17,45,50,54,58,67,89,104,107,112,120,124,128,142,153,165,194],"continuous":[2],"development":[3],"of":[4,20,49,53,66,98,106,123,127,155,167,182,213],"deep":[5],"learning,":[6],"face":[8,22,41,60,72,91,129,148,160],"recognition":[9,23,61,73,92,149,162],"field":[10],"has":[11],"also":[12],"developed":[13],"rapidly.":[14],"However,":[15],"with":[16,24],"massive":[18],"popularity":[19],"COVID-19,":[21],"masks":[25,185],"is":[26,30],"a":[27,40,43,179],"problem":[28,87],"that":[29,187],"now":[31],"about":[32],"to":[33,130,201],"be":[34,202],"tackled":[35],"in":[36,57,78,88],"practice.":[37],"In":[38,175],"recognizing":[39,79],"wearing":[42,81,184,208],"mask,":[44],"mask":[46,161],"obscures":[47],"most":[48],"facial":[51,68],"features":[52],"face,":[55],"resulting":[56],"general":[59],"model":[62,93,109,143,199],"only":[63],"capturing":[64],"part":[65,126],"information.":[69],"Therefore,":[70],"existing":[71,90],"models":[74,150,163],"are":[75],"usually":[76],"ineffective":[77],"faces":[80,183,207],"masks.":[82,209],"This":[83,118],"article":[84],"addresses":[85],"this":[86],"and":[94,110,139,164,191,225],"proposes":[95],"an":[96],"improvement":[97],"Facenet.":[99],"We":[100,145],"use":[101],"ConvNeXt-T":[102],"as":[103,219],"backbone":[105],"network":[108],"add":[111],"ECA":[113],"(Efficient":[114],"Channel":[115],"Attention)":[116],"mechanism.":[117],"enhances":[119],"feature":[121],"extraction":[122],"unobscured":[125],"obtain":[131],"more":[132],"useful":[133],"information,":[134],"while":[135],"avoiding":[136],"dimensionality":[137],"reduction":[138],"not":[140],"increasing":[141],"complexity.":[144],"design":[146],"new":[147],"by":[151],"investigating":[152],"effects":[154,166],"different":[156,168],"attention":[157],"mechanisms":[158],"on":[159,172],"data":[169],"set":[170,181],"ratios":[171],"experimental":[173],"results.":[174],"addition,":[176],"we":[177,188],"construct":[178],"large":[180],"so":[186],"can":[189],"efficiently":[190],"quickly":[192],"train":[193],"model.":[195],"Through":[196],"experiments,":[197],"our":[198],"proved":[200],"99.76%":[203],"accurate":[204],"for":[205,215],"real":[206],"A":[210],"combined":[211],"accuracy":[212],"99.48%":[214],"extreme":[216],"environments":[217],"such":[218],"too":[220],"high":[221],"or":[222],"lousy":[223],"contrast":[224],"brightness.":[226]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2026-07-23T08:03:31.855105","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}