{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3212708089","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info13090419","title":"Local Multi-Head Channel Self-Attention for Facial Expression Recognition","display_name":"Local Multi-Head Channel Self-Attention for Facial Expression Recognition","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-09-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3212708089","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info13090419","mag":"3212708089"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/info13090419","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info13090419","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/13/9/419/pdf?version=1663755218","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219776","display_name":"Information","issn_l":"2078-2489","issn":["2078-2489"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/13/9/419/pdf?version=1663755218","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082691580","display_name":"Roberto Pecoraro","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8295-6054"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55143463","display_name":"University of Turin","ror":"https://ror.org/048tbm396","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55143463"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Roberto Pecoraro","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, University of Turin, C.so Svizzera 185, 10147 Turin, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Turin, C.so Svizzera 185, 10147 Turin, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55143463"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071473719","display_name":"Valerio Basile","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8110-6832"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55143463","display_name":"University of Turin","ror":"https://ror.org/048tbm396","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55143463"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Valerio Basile","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, University of Turin, C.so Svizzera 185, 10147 Turin, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Turin, C.so Svizzera 185, 10147 Turin, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55143463"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075230989","display_name":"Viviana Bono","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2533-0511"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55143463","display_name":"University of Turin","ror":"https://ror.org/048tbm396","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55143463"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Viviana Bono","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, University of Turin, C.so Svizzera 185, 10147 Turin, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Turin, C.so Svizzera 185, 10147 Turin, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55143463"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5082691580"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55143463"],"apc_list":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"apc_paid":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"fwci":6.7416,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":76,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97649064,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"9","first_page":"419","last_page":"419"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12611","display_name":"Neural Networks and Reservoir Computing","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12808","display_name":"Ferroelectric and Negative Capacitance Devices","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7264951467514038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facial-expression","display_name":"Facial expression","score":0.6240823268890381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.6023339033126831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/architecture","display_name":"Architecture","score":0.5316446423530579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leverage","display_name":"Leverage (statistics)","score":0.5315544009208679},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5275903344154358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.4613398015499115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.3874397575855255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.3536302447319031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.3517415225505829}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7264951467514038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195704467","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q327968","display_name":"Facial expression","level":2,"score":0.6240823268890381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.6023339033126831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123657996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12271","display_name":"Architecture","level":2,"score":0.5316446423530579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153083717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6535263","display_name":"Leverage (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.5315544009208679},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5275903344154358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.4613398015499115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3874397575855255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.3536302447319031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.3517415225505829},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153349607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36649","display_name":"Visual arts","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/info13090419","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info13090419","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/13/9/419/pdf?version=1663755218","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219776","display_name":"Information","issn_l":"2078-2489","issn":["2078-2489"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:25867e4563574adebf8a08ae8d65c3c4","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/25867e4563574adebf8a08ae8d65c3c4","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Information, Vol 13, Iss 9, p 419 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2078-2489/13/9/419/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/info13090419","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Information; Volume 13; Issue 9; Pages: 419","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/info13090419","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info13090419","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/13/9/419/pdf?version=1663755218","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219776","display_name":"Information","issn_l":"2078-2489","issn":["2078-2489"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","score":0.6100000143051147,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3212708089.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3212708089.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":58,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W603908379","https://openalex.org/W1498436455","https://openalex.org/W1686810756","https://openalex.org/W1902237438","https://openalex.org/W2033773055","https://openalex.org/W2041616772","https://openalex.org/W2097117768","https://openalex.org/W2136026194","https://openalex.org/W2163605009","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2550553598","https://openalex.org/W2566938590","https://openalex.org/W2601564443","https://openalex.org/W2752782242","https://openalex.org/W2804078698","https://openalex.org/W2884585870","https://openalex.org/W2937843571","https://openalex.org/W2946567085","https://openalex.org/W2946794439","https://openalex.org/W2946948417","https://openalex.org/W2949526695","https://openalex.org/W2949718784","https://openalex.org/W2950739196","https://openalex.org/W2951528897","https://openalex.org/W2955058313","https://openalex.org/W2955425717","https://openalex.org/W2963403868","https://openalex.org/W2963420686","https://openalex.org/W2964308564","https://openalex.org/W2972369255","https://openalex.org/W2981413347","https://openalex.org/W3020519718","https://openalex.org/W3033210410","https://openalex.org/W3034293449","https://openalex.org/W3034552520","https://openalex.org/W3035510741","https://openalex.org/W3038287124","https://openalex.org/W3045856199","https://openalex.org/W3046590903","https://openalex.org/W3094502228","https://openalex.org/W3115153039","https://openalex.org/W3120254887","https://openalex.org/W3122279806","https://openalex.org/W3135915891","https://openalex.org/W3138516171","https://openalex.org/W3157999215","https://openalex.org/W3161346624","https://openalex.org/W3163086403","https://openalex.org/W3169054875","https://openalex.org/W3171087525","https://openalex.org/W3180562345","https://openalex.org/W6618372016","https://openalex.org/W6680137543","https://openalex.org/W6684191040","https://openalex.org/W6752378368","https://openalex.org/W6761223327","https://openalex.org/W6762205418","https://openalex.org/W6763509872"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391621807","https://openalex.org/W4321487865","https://openalex.org/W4313906399","https://openalex.org/W4391621790","https://openalex.org/W4239306820","https://openalex.org/W4391266461","https://openalex.org/W2590798552","https://openalex.org/W2811106690","https://openalex.org/W2947043951","https://openalex.org/W2787993192"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Since":[0],"the":[1,15,19,79,84,88,93,104,109,139,150,161],"Transformer":[2],"architecture":[3,152],"was":[4],"introduced":[5],"in":[6,18,76,118,129,138,153],"2017,":[7],"there":[8],"has":[9,103],"been":[10],"many":[11],"attempts":[12],"to":[13,82,106],"bring":[14],"self-attention":[16,36,85],"paradigm":[17,86],"field":[20],"of":[21,92,111,155],"computer":[22,55,77],"vision.":[23],"In":[24],"this":[25],"paper,":[26],"we":[27,73],"propose":[28],"LHC:":[29],"Local":[30],"multi-Head":[31],"Channel":[32],"self-attention,":[33],"a":[34,58,100,124,135,143],"novel":[35],"module":[37],"that":[38,50,75],"can":[39],"be":[40],"easily":[41],"integrated":[42],"into":[43],"virtually":[44],"every":[45],"convolutional":[46],"neural":[47],"network,":[48],"and":[49,147],"is":[51,66,87],"specifically":[52],"designed":[53],"for":[54],"vision,":[56,78],"with":[57,142,160],"specific":[59],"focus":[60],"on":[61,68,149],"facial":[62,130],"expression":[63,131],"recognition.":[64,132],"LHC":[65],"based":[67],"two":[69],"main":[70],"ideas:":[71],"first,":[72],"think":[74],"best":[80],"way":[81],"leverage":[83],"channel-wise":[89],"application":[90],"instead":[91],"more":[94],"well":[95],"explored":[96],"spatial":[97],"attention.":[98],"Secondly,":[99],"local":[101],"approach":[102],"potential":[105],"better":[107],"overcome":[108],"limitations":[110],"convolution":[112],"than":[113],"global":[114],"attention,":[115],"at":[116],"least":[117],"those":[119],"scenarios":[120],"where":[121],"images":[122],"have":[123],"constant":[125],"general":[126],"structure,":[127],"as":[128],"LHC-Net":[133],"achieves":[134],"new":[136],"state-of-the-art":[137],"FER2013":[140],"dataset,":[141],"significantly":[144],"lower":[145],"complexity":[146],"impact":[148],"\u201chost\u201d":[151],"terms":[154],"computational":[156],"cost":[157],"when":[158],"compared":[159],"previous":[162],"state-of-the-art.":[163]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":24},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":27},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":8}],"updated_date":"2026-04-02T15:55:50.835912","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
