{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4283643189","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info13070314","title":"An Effective Ensemble Automatic Feature Selection Method for Network Intrusion Detection","display_name":"An Effective Ensemble Automatic Feature Selection Method for Network Intrusion Detection","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-06-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4283643189","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info13070314"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/info13070314","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info13070314","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/13/7/314/pdf?version=1656325789","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219776","display_name":"Information","issn_l":"2078-2489","issn":["2078-2489"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/13/7/314/pdf?version=1656325789","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100354816","display_name":"Yang Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4366-6382"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I38877650","display_name":"Zhengzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ypx8c21","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I38877650"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yang Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I38877650"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047508877","display_name":"Hongpo Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3485-8470"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I38877650","display_name":"Zhengzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ypx8c21","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I38877650"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hongpo Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3485-8470","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I38877650"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100335417","display_name":"Bo Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-0833-5755"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I38877650","display_name":"Zhengzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ypx8c21","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I38877650"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bo Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I38877650"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5047508877"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I38877650"],"apc_list":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1782},"apc_paid":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1782},"fwci":3.9752,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":37,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93978546,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"7","first_page":"314","last_page":"314"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12326","display_name":"Network Packet Processing and Optimization","score":0.9950000047683716,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-selection","display_name":"Feature selection","score":0.7948416471481323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7018585205078125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.6652920842170715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.6160379648208618},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5181832909584045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/selection","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","score":0.5129782557487488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.4986081123352051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4762718379497528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intrusion-detection-system","display_name":"Intrusion detection system","score":0.4721945524215698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/a-priori-and-a-posteriori","display_name":"A priori and a posteriori","score":0.46176379919052124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.40935245156288147}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148483581","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q446488","display_name":"Feature selection","level":2,"score":0.7948416471481323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7018585205078125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.6652920842170715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.6160379648208618},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5181832909584045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81917197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628760","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","level":2,"score":0.5129782557487488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.4986081123352051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4762718379497528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C35525427","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q745881","display_name":"Intrusion detection system","level":2,"score":0.4721945524215698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75553542","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178161","display_name":"A priori and a posteriori","level":2,"score":0.46176379919052124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.40935245156288147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/info13070314","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info13070314","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/13/7/314/pdf?version=1656325789","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219776","display_name":"Information","issn_l":"2078-2489","issn":["2078-2489"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:49bdc5f99e82438fb8666f796ed662ae","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/49bdc5f99e82438fb8666f796ed662ae","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Information, Vol 13, Iss 7, p 314 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2078-2489/13/7/314/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/info13070314","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Information; Volume 13; Issue 7; Pages: 314","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/info13070314","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info13070314","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/13/7/314/pdf?version=1656325789","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219776","display_name":"Information","issn_l":"2078-2489","issn":["2078-2489"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4283643189.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":46,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2296509296","https://openalex.org/W2342408547","https://openalex.org/W2346331195","https://openalex.org/W2604105233","https://openalex.org/W2626468835","https://openalex.org/W2732383329","https://openalex.org/W2789828921","https://openalex.org/W2799548584","https://openalex.org/W2807621303","https://openalex.org/W2810550035","https://openalex.org/W2890707978","https://openalex.org/W2899191278","https://openalex.org/W2899592613","https://openalex.org/W2901492899","https://openalex.org/W2902149490","https://openalex.org/W2903452648","https://openalex.org/W2911627187","https://openalex.org/W2911747218","https://openalex.org/W2912586245","https://openalex.org/W2948009788","https://openalex.org/W2955088454","https://openalex.org/W2963203015","https://openalex.org/W2998216295","https://openalex.org/W3004777721","https://openalex.org/W3012320050","https://openalex.org/W3014732532","https://openalex.org/W3023061032","https://openalex.org/W3025363454","https://openalex.org/W3031475976","https://openalex.org/W3034167140","https://openalex.org/W3034181669","https://openalex.org/W3080177360","https://openalex.org/W3088647798","https://openalex.org/W3117829857","https://openalex.org/W3118141352","https://openalex.org/W3118808706","https://openalex.org/W3124423925","https://openalex.org/W3134696756","https://openalex.org/W3135387830","https://openalex.org/W3146612261","https://openalex.org/W3160282572","https://openalex.org/W3186172578","https://openalex.org/W3205605959","https://openalex.org/W3208376151","https://openalex.org/W4224216588","https://openalex.org/W7066667914"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4388311650","https://openalex.org/W5922282","https://openalex.org/W1974056099","https://openalex.org/W4245343541","https://openalex.org/W2386077341","https://openalex.org/W563589758","https://openalex.org/W62490179","https://openalex.org/W2954004777","https://openalex.org/W4386564352","https://openalex.org/W2952668426"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"mass":[1],"of":[2,45,151,200],"redundant":[3],"and":[4,16,30,64,108,161,183],"irrelevant":[5],"data":[6],"in":[7,47,74,175,180,198],"network":[8],"traffic":[9],"brings":[10],"serious":[11],"challenges":[12],"to":[13,41,103,117,138],"intrusion":[14],"detection,":[15],"feature":[17,32,58,68,83,92],"selection":[18,33,59,69,84],"can":[19,178],"effectively":[20],"remove":[21],"meaningless":[22],"information":[23],"from":[24],"the":[25,43,91,119,122,131,140,145,148,156,164,172,181],"data.":[26],"Most":[27],"current":[28],"filtered":[29],"embedded":[31],"methods":[34,60,70,197],"use":[35],"a":[36,48,52,72,129],"fixed":[37],"threshold":[38],"or":[39,94],"ratio":[40],"determine":[42],"number":[44],"features":[46,102,152],"subset,":[49,130],"which":[50],"requires":[51],"priori":[53],"knowledge.":[54],"In":[55],"contrast,":[56],"wrapped":[57],"are":[61,159],"computationally":[62],"complex":[63],"time-consuming;":[65],"meanwhile,":[66],"individual":[67,98],"have":[71],"bias":[73],"evaluating":[75],"features.":[76],"This":[77],"work":[78],"designs":[79],"an":[80,115],"ensemble-based":[81],"automatic":[82],"method":[85,173,193],"called":[86],"EAFS.":[87],"Firstly,":[88],"we":[89,189],"calculate":[90],"importance":[93,107],"ranks":[95],"based":[96],"on":[97,167],"methods,":[99,188],"then":[100],"add":[101],"subsets":[104,158],"sequentially":[105],"by":[106,113,143,162],"evaluate":[109],"subset":[110,120,132],"performance":[111],"comprehensively":[112],"designing":[114],"NSOM":[116,124],"obtain":[118],"with":[121,133,186],"largest":[123],"value.":[125],"When":[126],"searching":[127],"for":[128],"higher":[134],"accuracy":[135,146],"is":[136,153],"retained":[137],"lower":[139],"computational":[141],"complexity":[142],"calculating":[144],"when":[147],"full":[149],"set":[150],"used.":[154],"Finally,":[155],"obtained":[157],"ensembled,":[160],"comparing":[163],"experimental":[165],"results":[166],"three":[168],"large-scale":[169],"public":[170],"datasets,":[171],"described":[174],"this":[176],"study":[177],"help":[179],"classification,":[182],"also":[184],"compared":[185],"other":[187,195],"discover":[190],"that":[191],"our":[192],"outperforms":[194],"recent":[196],"terms":[199],"performance.":[201]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":8}],"updated_date":"2026-07-30T17:31:21.811387","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}