{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4229452675","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info13050242","title":"Finding Optimal Moving Target Defense Strategies: A Resilience Booster for Connected Cars","display_name":"Finding Optimal Moving Target Defense Strategies: A Resilience Booster for Connected Cars","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-05-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4229452675","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info13050242"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/info13050242","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info13050242","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/13/5/242/pdf?version=1652090340","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219776","display_name":"Information","issn_l":"2078-2489","issn":["2078-2489"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/13/5/242/pdf?version=1652090340","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071426604","display_name":"Maxime Ayrault","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12356871","display_name":"T\u00e9l\u00e9com Paris","ror":"https://ror.org/01naq7912","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12356871","https://openalex.org/I205703379","https://openalex.org/I4210145102"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210145102","display_name":"Institut Polytechnique de Paris","ror":"https://ror.org/042tfbd02","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210145102"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165912","display_name":"Laboratoire Traitement et Communication de l\u2019Information","ror":"https://ror.org/057er4c39","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12356871","https://openalex.org/I205703379","https://openalex.org/I4210145102","https://openalex.org/I4210165912"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Maxime Ayrault","raw_affiliation_strings":["T\u00e9l\u00e9com Paris, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, Information Processing and Communications Laboratory (LTCI), 91120 Palaiseau, France","Laboratoire Traitement et Communication de l'Information","Institut Polytechnique de Paris"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"T\u00e9l\u00e9com Paris, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, Information Processing and Communications Laboratory (LTCI), 91120 Palaiseau, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165912","https://openalex.org/I12356871"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratoire Traitement et Communication de l'Information","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165912"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institut Polytechnique de Paris","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210145102"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075576417","display_name":"Ulrich K\u00fchne","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0855-8223"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12356871","display_name":"T\u00e9l\u00e9com Paris","ror":"https://ror.org/01naq7912","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12356871","https://openalex.org/I205703379","https://openalex.org/I4210145102"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210145102","display_name":"Institut Polytechnique de Paris","ror":"https://ror.org/042tfbd02","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210145102"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165912","display_name":"Laboratoire Traitement et Communication de l\u2019Information","ror":"https://ror.org/057er4c39","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12356871","https://openalex.org/I205703379","https://openalex.org/I4210145102","https://openalex.org/I4210165912"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ulrich K\u00fchne","raw_affiliation_strings":["T\u00e9l\u00e9com Paris, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, Information Processing and Communications Laboratory (LTCI), 91120 Palaiseau, France","Institut Polytechnique de Paris","Secure and Safe Hardware","D\u00e9partement Communications & Electronique"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"T\u00e9l\u00e9com Paris, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, Information Processing and Communications Laboratory (LTCI), 91120 Palaiseau, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165912","https://openalex.org/I12356871"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institut Polytechnique de Paris","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210145102"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Secure and Safe Hardware","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"D\u00e9partement Communications & Electronique","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038621823","display_name":"\u00c9tienne Borde","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1418-8193"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12356871","display_name":"T\u00e9l\u00e9com Paris","ror":"https://ror.org/01naq7912","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12356871","https://openalex.org/I205703379","https://openalex.org/I4210145102"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210145102","display_name":"Institut Polytechnique de Paris","ror":"https://ror.org/042tfbd02","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210145102"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210145666","display_name":"Embedded Systems (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/04742eh45","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210145666"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165912","display_name":"Laboratoire Traitement et Communication de l\u2019Information","ror":"https://ror.org/057er4c39","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12356871","https://openalex.org/I205703379","https://openalex.org/I4210145102","https://openalex.org/I4210165912"]}],"countries":["FR","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"\u00c9tienne Borde","raw_affiliation_strings":["T\u00e9l\u00e9com Paris, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, Information Processing and Communications Laboratory (LTCI), 91120 Palaiseau, France","Institut Polytechnique de Paris","Autonomic and Critical Embedded Systems","D\u00e9partement Informatique et R\u00e9seaux"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"T\u00e9l\u00e9com Paris, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, Information Processing and Communications Laboratory (LTCI), 91120 Palaiseau, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165912","https://openalex.org/I12356871"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institut Polytechnique de Paris","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210145102"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Autonomic and Critical Embedded Systems","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210145666"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"D\u00e9partement Informatique et R\u00e9seaux","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5071426604"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12356871","https://openalex.org/I4210145102","https://openalex.org/I4210165912"],"apc_list":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"apc_paid":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"fwci":0.3187,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.59458206,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"5","first_page":"242","last_page":"242"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10734","display_name":"Information and Cyber Security","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10734","display_name":"Information and Cyber Security","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10917","display_name":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","score":0.9936000108718872,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13295","display_name":"Safety Systems Engineering in Autonomy","score":0.9922999739646912,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2213","display_name":"Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exploit","display_name":"Exploit","score":0.7677561640739441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/commit","display_name":"Commit","score":0.7351080775260925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7143235802650452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.6136938333511353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resilience","display_name":"Resilience (materials science)","score":0.5666544437408447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.5453800559043884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automotive-industry","display_name":"Automotive industry","score":0.5230470895767212},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/threat-model","display_name":"Threat model","score":0.4105631113052368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/risk-analysis","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","score":0.3406655192375183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.329506516456604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.12881648540496826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.12230578064918518}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165696696","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11287","display_name":"Exploit","level":2,"score":0.7677561640739441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19776675","display_name":"Commit","level":2,"score":0.7351080775260925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7143235802650452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.6136938333511353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779585090","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3457762","display_name":"Resilience (materials science)","level":2,"score":0.5666544437408447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.5453800559043884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C526921623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190117","display_name":"Automotive industry","level":2,"score":0.5230470895767212},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140547941","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7797194","display_name":"Threat model","level":2,"score":0.4105631113052368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112930515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4389547","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","level":1,"score":0.3406655192375183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.329506516456604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.12881648540496826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.12230578064918518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/info13050242","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info13050242","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/13/5/242/pdf?version=1652090340","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219776","display_name":"Information","issn_l":"2078-2489","issn":["2078-2489"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:HAL:hal-03670106v1","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://telecom-paris.hal.science/hal-03670106","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922466","display_name":"SPIRE - Sciences Po Institutional REpository","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Information, 2022, 13 (5), pp.242. &#x27E8;10.3390/info13050242&#x27E9;","raw_type":"Journal articles"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:0c187aaadb1d4b74842fd4412c84efc8","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/0c187aaadb1d4b74842fd4412c84efc8","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Information, Vol 13, Iss 5, p 242 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2078-2489/13/5/242/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/info13050242","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Information; Volume 13; Issue 5; Pages: 242","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/info13050242","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info13050242","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/13/5/242/pdf?version=1652090340","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219776","display_name":"Information","issn_l":"2078-2489","issn":["2078-2489"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Responsible consumption and production","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/12","score":0.5299999713897705}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4229452675.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4229452675.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W173413620","https://openalex.org/W270234110","https://openalex.org/W1971309210","https://openalex.org/W2034144210","https://openalex.org/W2050315535","https://openalex.org/W2082025042","https://openalex.org/W2086802441","https://openalex.org/W2103138133","https://openalex.org/W2110504778","https://openalex.org/W2148534455","https://openalex.org/W2155984290","https://openalex.org/W2293796414","https://openalex.org/W2499402371","https://openalex.org/W2515420228","https://openalex.org/W2537590347","https://openalex.org/W2553733554","https://openalex.org/W2569569679","https://openalex.org/W2621056358","https://openalex.org/W2763277207","https://openalex.org/W2765443380","https://openalex.org/W2883263864","https://openalex.org/W2900036466","https://openalex.org/W2901442573","https://openalex.org/W2985196526","https://openalex.org/W3002261199","https://openalex.org/W3011877530","https://openalex.org/W3095611251","https://openalex.org/W4210307248","https://openalex.org/W4250744658","https://openalex.org/W6662714481","https://openalex.org/W6676131375","https://openalex.org/W6773282880"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4367365664","https://openalex.org/W4385326140","https://openalex.org/W4293227618","https://openalex.org/W2136634148","https://openalex.org/W3122851392","https://openalex.org/W3122800671","https://openalex.org/W17155033","https://openalex.org/W4250708772","https://openalex.org/W1482973429","https://openalex.org/W3130460901"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"During":[0],"their":[1],"life-cycle,":[2],"modern":[3],"connected":[4],"cars":[5],"will":[6],"have":[7],"to":[8,30,45,47,64,72,94,117,157],"face":[9],"various":[10],"and":[11,34,56,87,153,161],"changing":[12],"security":[13,21],"threats.":[14],"As":[15],"for":[16,99,123],"any":[17],"critical":[18,125],"embedded":[19,126],"system,":[20],"fixes":[22],"in":[23,89],"the":[24,81,146],"form":[25],"of":[26,80,91],"software":[27],"updates":[28],"need":[29,93],"be":[31,36,70,95,115],"thoroughly":[32],"verified":[33],"cannot":[35],"deployed":[37],"on":[38],"a":[39,48,110,124],"daily":[40],"basis.":[41],"The":[42,136],"system":[43,82,127],"needs":[44],"commit":[46],"defense":[49,122],"strategy,":[50],"while":[51],"attackers":[52,132],"can":[53,69,114],"examine":[54],"vulnerabilities":[55],"prepare":[57],"possible":[58],"exploits":[59],"before":[60],"attacking.":[61],"In":[62,105],"order":[63],"break":[65],"this":[66,106],"asymmetry,":[67],"it":[68],"advantageous":[71],"use":[73,151],"proactive":[74],"defenses,":[75],"such":[76,100],"as":[77],"reconfiguring":[78],"parts":[79],"configuration.":[83],"However,":[84],"resource":[85],"constraints":[86],"losses":[88],"quality":[90],"service":[92],"taken":[96],"into":[97],"account":[98],"Moving":[101],"Target":[102],"Defenses":[103],"(MTDs).":[104],"article,":[107],"we":[108],"present":[109],"game-theoretic":[111],"model":[112],"that":[113,128],"used":[116],"compute":[118],"an":[119,149],"optimal":[120],"MTD":[121],"is":[129,138],"facing":[130],"several":[131],"with":[133,148],"different":[134],"objectives.":[135],"game":[137],"resolved":[139],"using":[140],"off-the-shelf":[141],"MILP":[142],"solvers.":[143],"We":[144],"validated":[145],"method":[147],"automotive":[150],"case":[152],"conducted":[154],"extensive":[155],"experiments":[156],"evaluate":[158],"its":[159],"scalability":[160],"stability.":[162]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-18T07:56:08.524223","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
