{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4226119661","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info13020082","title":"Ordered Weighted Averaging (OWA), Decision Making under Uncertainty, and Deep Learning: How Is This All Related?","display_name":"Ordered Weighted Averaging (OWA), Decision Making under Uncertainty, and Deep Learning: How Is This All Related?","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-02-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4226119661","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info13020082"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/info13020082","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info13020082","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/13/2/82/pdf?version=1644575074","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219776","display_name":"Information","issn_l":"2078-2489","issn":["2078-2489"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/13/2/82/pdf?version=1644575074","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061275811","display_name":"\u0412\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0438\u043a \u041a\u0440\u0435\u0439\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1244-1650"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I164936912","display_name":"The University of Texas at El Paso","ror":"https://ror.org/04d5vba33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I164936912"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Vladik Kreinovich","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA","Department of Computer Science, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA;"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I164936912"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I164936912"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5061275811"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I164936912"],"apc_list":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"apc_paid":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"fwci":0.1695,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.50997554,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"2","first_page":"82","last_page":"82"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10050","display_name":"Multi-Criteria Decision Making","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10050","display_name":"Multi-Criteria Decision Making","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12135","display_name":"Fuzzy Systems and Optimization","score":0.9781000018119812,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2613","display_name":"Statistics and Probability"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11303","display_name":"Bayesian Modeling and Causal Inference","score":0.9581999778747559,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6566612720489502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scheme","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","score":0.6545631289482117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/property","display_name":"Property (philosophy)","score":0.5563162565231323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interval","display_name":"Interval (graph theory)","score":0.5365771055221558},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fuzzy-logic","display_name":"Fuzzy logic","score":0.5183461904525757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.48578527569770813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.45968151092529297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.42640602588653564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3785243630409241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/combinatorics","display_name":"Combinatorics","score":0.07176780700683594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/philosophy","display_name":"Philosophy","score":0.05967366695404053}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6566612720489502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77618280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1155772","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.6545631289482117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189950617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q937228","display_name":"Property (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.5563162565231323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778067643","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q166507","display_name":"Interval (graph theory)","level":2,"score":0.5365771055221558},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q224821","display_name":"Fuzzy logic","level":2,"score":0.5183461904525757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.48578527569770813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.45968151092529297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.42640602588653564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3785243630409241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.07176780700683594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.05967366695404053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/info13020082","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info13020082","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/13/2/82/pdf?version=1644575074","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219776","display_name":"Information","issn_l":"2078-2489","issn":["2078-2489"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:5f014ef4a1de4ded9091d46b10c4f36e","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/5f014ef4a1de4ded9091d46b10c4f36e","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Information, Vol 13, Iss 2, p 82 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2078-2489/13/2/82/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/info13020082","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Information; Volume 13; Issue 2; Pages: 82","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/info13020082","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info13020082","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/13/2/82/pdf?version=1644575074","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219776","display_name":"Information","issn_l":"2078-2489","issn":["2078-2489"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8100000023841858,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1728957406","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"1623190, HRD-1834620, and HRD-2034030","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2017822324","display_name":"RAPID: Building Research Capabilities of Academically Talented Undergraduate Students from Hispanic-Serving Institutions through Virtual Research Experiences","funder_award_id":"2034030","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4116333006","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"AT&T Fellowship","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320307789","funder_display_name":"AT and T"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5123017863","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"HRD-1834620","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6793870340","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"1623190","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6894402473","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Fellowship","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8193199469","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"1834620","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G848032724","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Science","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320307789","display_name":"AT and T","ror":"https://ror.org/02bbd5539"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336675","display_name":"National Research, Development and Innovation Office","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4226119661.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4226119661.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W145961213","https://openalex.org/W574962919","https://openalex.org/W1521108275","https://openalex.org/W1533336287","https://openalex.org/W1563017489","https://openalex.org/W1876381961","https://openalex.org/W2077379004","https://openalex.org/W2325342349","https://openalex.org/W2482048267","https://openalex.org/W2796592677","https://openalex.org/W3021509614","https://openalex.org/W3154449962","https://openalex.org/W4233313682","https://openalex.org/W4249292863"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2961085424","https://openalex.org/W4306674287","https://openalex.org/W4224009465","https://openalex.org/W4286629047","https://openalex.org/W4306321456","https://openalex.org/W4285260836","https://openalex.org/W3046775127","https://openalex.org/W3170094116","https://openalex.org/W4205958290","https://openalex.org/W1521353230"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Among":[0],"many":[1],"research":[2],"areas":[3],"to":[4,73],"which":[5,69],"Ron":[6,82],"Yager":[7,83],"contributed":[8],"are":[9,106],"decision":[10,102],"making":[11,103],"under":[12,16,104],"uncertainty":[13,105],"(in":[14],"particular,":[15],"interval":[17],"and":[18,21,26],"fuzzy":[19],"uncertainty)":[20],"aggregation\u2014where":[22],"he":[23],"proposed,":[24],"analyzed,":[25],"utilized":[27],"ordered":[28],"weighted":[29],"averaging":[30],"(OWA).":[31],"The":[32],"OWA":[33,53,111],"algorithm":[34],"itself":[35],"provides":[36],"only":[37],"a":[38,60,63,67,88],"specific":[39],"type":[40],"of":[41,90],"data":[42],"aggregation.":[43],"However,":[44],"it":[45],"turns":[46],"out":[47],"that":[48,97],"if":[49],"we":[50,58],"allow":[51],"several":[52],"stages,":[54],"one":[55],"after":[56],"another,":[57],"obtain":[59],"scheme":[61,68],"with":[62],"universal":[64],"approximation":[65],"property\u2014moreover,":[66],"is":[70],"perfectly":[71],"equivalent":[72],"modern":[74],"ReLU-based":[75,91],"deep":[76,92],"neural":[77],"networks.":[78],"In":[79],"this":[80],"sense,":[81],"can":[84],"be":[85],"viewed":[86],"as":[87],"(grand)father":[89],"learning.":[93],"We":[94],"also":[95,107],"recall":[96],"the":[98],"existing":[99],"schemes":[100],"for":[101],"naturally":[108],"interpretable":[109],"in":[110],"terms.":[112]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-10T15:06:20.359241","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}