{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4206553626","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info13010024","title":"A New Class of Autopoietic and Cognitive Machines","display_name":"A New Class of Autopoietic and Cognitive Machines","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-01-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4206553626","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info13010024"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/info13010024","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info13010024","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/13/1/24/pdf?version=1641787946","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219776","display_name":"Information","issn_l":"2078-2489","issn":["2078-2489"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/13/1/24/pdf?version=1641787946","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061802657","display_name":"Rao Mikkilineni","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8762-7070"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I44829897","display_name":"Golden Gate University","ror":"https://ror.org/01wj7vt66","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I44829897"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Rao Mikkilineni","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ageno School of Business, Golden Gate University, San Francisco, CA 94105, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8762-7070","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ageno School of Business, Golden Gate University, San Francisco, CA 94105, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I44829897"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5061802657"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I44829897"],"apc_list":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"apc_paid":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"fwci":2.6357,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":20,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9093662,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"1","first_page":"24","last_page":"24"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11975","display_name":"Evolutionary Algorithms and Applications","score":0.9761999845504761,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11975","display_name":"Evolutionary Algorithms and Applications","score":0.9761999845504761,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12002","display_name":"Computability, Logic, AI Algorithms","score":0.968500018119812,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11445","display_name":"Origins and Evolution of Life","score":0.9670000076293945,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/autopoiesis","display_name":"Autopoiesis","score":0.9658763408660889},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6373566389083862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognition","display_name":"Cognition","score":0.6336560249328613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-science","display_name":"Cognitive science","score":0.6084636449813843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-systems","display_name":"Cognitive systems","score":0.49811244010925293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/enactivism","display_name":"Enactivism","score":0.47776520252227783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-architecture","display_name":"Cognitive architecture","score":0.47645094990730286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/living-systems","display_name":"Living systems","score":0.4632277488708496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4527391195297241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identity","display_name":"Identity (music)","score":0.4400281310081482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/representation","display_name":"Representation (politics)","score":0.43813666701316833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/class","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","score":0.42396917939186096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.3937146067619324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.2757336497306824}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34048319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q599967","display_name":"Autopoiesis","level":2,"score":0.9658763408660889},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6373566389083862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.6336560249328613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188147891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q147638","display_name":"Cognitive science","level":1,"score":0.6084636449813843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986342778","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Cognitive systems","level":3,"score":0.49811244010925293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777407727","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q431627","display_name":"Enactivism","level":3,"score":0.47776520252227783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20854674","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4386060","display_name":"Cognitive architecture","level":3,"score":0.47645094990730286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776184637","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6506039","display_name":"Living systems","level":2,"score":0.4632277488708496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4527391195297241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778355321","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17079427","display_name":"Identity (music)","level":2,"score":0.4400281310081482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.43813666701316833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777212361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5127848","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.42396917939186096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.3937146067619324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.2757336497306824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/info13010024","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info13010024","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/13/1/24/pdf?version=1641787946","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219776","display_name":"Information","issn_l":"2078-2489","issn":["2078-2489"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:0f68748864ff4534b903e8e061fbd8ea","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/0f68748864ff4534b903e8e061fbd8ea","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Information, Vol 13, Iss 1, p 24 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2078-2489/13/1/24/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/info13010024","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Information; Volume 13; Issue 1; Pages: 24","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/info13010024","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info13010024","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/13/1/24/pdf?version=1641787946","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219776","display_name":"Information","issn_l":"2078-2489","issn":["2078-2489"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332603","display_name":"University of California, San Diego","ror":"https://ror.org/0168r3w48"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4206553626.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4206553626.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W298497181","https://openalex.org/W1644749979","https://openalex.org/W1989921625","https://openalex.org/W2004682151","https://openalex.org/W2052800549","https://openalex.org/W2144885342","https://openalex.org/W2146997276","https://openalex.org/W2165501843","https://openalex.org/W2413481331","https://openalex.org/W2793098233","https://openalex.org/W2795865325","https://openalex.org/W2894092088","https://openalex.org/W2906157279","https://openalex.org/W3006500715","https://openalex.org/W3096936901","https://openalex.org/W3120836990","https://openalex.org/W3198722268","https://openalex.org/W3205896564","https://openalex.org/W4206992855","https://openalex.org/W4235180952","https://openalex.org/W4300750523","https://openalex.org/W6610679302","https://openalex.org/W6631979026","https://openalex.org/W6750396974","https://openalex.org/W6799318487","https://openalex.org/W6921331664"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2299510115","https://openalex.org/W2941557198","https://openalex.org/W136221620","https://openalex.org/W15226519","https://openalex.org/W3186169600","https://openalex.org/W2112730349","https://openalex.org/W3212690820","https://openalex.org/W2155379382","https://openalex.org/W207414834","https://openalex.org/W2912017389"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Making":[0],"computing":[1],"machines":[2,187],"mimic":[3,189],"living":[4,190],"organisms":[5,191],"has":[6],"captured":[7],"the":[8,13,28,43,68,91,118,121,149,160,175,178,183],"imagination":[9],"of":[10,15,25,59,63,70],"many":[11],"since":[12],"dawn":[14],"digital":[16,139,164,186],"computers.":[17],"However,":[18],"today\u2019s":[19],"artificial":[20],"intelligence":[21,114],"technologies":[22],"fall":[23],"short":[24],"replicating":[26],"even":[27],"basic":[29],"autopoietic":[30,134],"and":[31,49,61,76,79,96,101,123,135,166,181],"cognitive":[32,136,155],"behaviors":[33,89,137],"found":[34],"in":[35,45],"primitive":[36],"biological":[37],"systems.":[38],"According":[39],"to":[40,67,104,108,126,132,147,152,173,188],"Charles":[41],"Darwin,":[42],"difference":[44],"mind":[46,122],"between":[47,120],"humans":[48],"higher":[50],"animals,":[51],"great":[52],"as":[53],"it":[54],"is,":[55],"certainly":[56],"is":[57,117,171],"one":[58],"degree":[60],"not":[62],"kind.":[64],"Autopoiesis":[65],"refers":[66],"behavior":[69],"a":[71,154],"system":[72,157],"that":[73,158],"replicates":[74],"itself":[75],"maintains":[77],"identity":[78],"stability":[80],"while":[81],"facing":[82],"fluctuations":[83],"caused":[84],"by":[85],"external":[86,97],"influences.":[87],"Cognitive":[88],"model":[90],"system\u2019s":[92],"state,":[93],"sense":[94],"internal":[95],"changes,":[98],"analyze,":[99],"predict":[100],"take":[102],"action":[103],"mitigate":[105],"any":[106],"risk":[107],"its":[109],"functional":[110],"fulfillment.":[111],"How":[112],"did":[113],"evolve?":[115],"what":[116],"relationship":[119],"body?":[124],"Answers":[125],"these":[127],"questions":[128],"should":[129],"guide":[130],"us":[131],"infuse":[133],"into":[138],"machines.":[140],"In":[141],"this":[142],"paper,":[143],"we":[144],"show":[145],"how":[146,174],"use":[148],"structural":[150],"machine":[151],"build":[153],"reasoning":[156],"integrates":[159],"knowledge":[161,195],"from":[162,197],"various":[163],"symbolic":[165],"sub-symbolic":[167],"computations.":[168],"This":[169],"approach":[170],"analogous":[172],"neocortex":[176],"repurposed":[177],"reptilian":[179],"brain":[180],"paves":[182],"path":[184],"for":[185],"using":[192],"an":[193],"integrated":[194],"representation":[196],"different":[198],"sources.":[199]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}