{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4200416944","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info12120502","title":"Towards Automated Semantic Explainability of Multimedia Feature Graphs","display_name":"Towards Automated Semantic Explainability of Multimedia Feature Graphs","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-12-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4200416944","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info12120502"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/info12120502","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info12120502","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/12/12/502/pdf?version=1638515104","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219776","display_name":"Information","issn_l":"2078-2489","issn":["2078-2489"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/12/12/502/pdf?version=1638515104","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020207419","display_name":"Stefan Wagenpfeil","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2100-7589"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I120691247","display_name":"FernUniversit\u00e4t in Hagen","ror":"https://ror.org/04tkkr536","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I120691247"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Stefan Wagenpfeil","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Hagen, D-58097 Hagen, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2100-7589","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Hagen, D-58097 Hagen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I120691247"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112070100","display_name":"Paul Mc Kevitt","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Paul Mc Kevitt","raw_affiliation_strings":["Academy for International Science & Research (AISR), Londonderry BT48 7ER, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9715-1590","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Academy for International Science & Research (AISR), Londonderry BT48 7ER, UK","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086429143","display_name":"Matthias Hemmje","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8293-2802"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I120691247","display_name":"FernUniversit\u00e4t in Hagen","ror":"https://ror.org/04tkkr536","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I120691247"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Matthias Hemmje","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Hagen, D-58097 Hagen, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8293-2802","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Hagen, D-58097 Hagen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I120691247"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5020207419"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I120691247"],"apc_list":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"apc_paid":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"fwci":0.3879,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.62574241,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"12","first_page":"502","last_page":"502"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11714","display_name":"Multimodal Machine Learning Applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11714","display_name":"Multimodal Machine Learning Applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11439","display_name":"Video Analysis and Summarization","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9968000054359436,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8861812353134155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.637485146522522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.5714020729064941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semantics","display_name":"Semantics (computer science)","score":0.5377030968666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language","display_name":"Natural language","score":0.5260957479476929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5049236416816711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.4643789529800415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/extension","display_name":"Extension (predicate logic)","score":0.4602879583835602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grammar","display_name":"Grammar","score":0.45679333806037903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graph","display_name":"Graph","score":0.4470493495464325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semantic-gap","display_name":"Semantic gap","score":0.4447263181209564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semantic-feature","display_name":"Semantic feature","score":0.4230615794658661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multimedia","display_name":"Multimedia","score":0.37834179401397705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.19271790981292725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.1879887580871582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.11803215742111206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-retrieval","display_name":"Image retrieval","score":0.09745198488235474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.0813811719417572}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8861812353134155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.637485146522522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.5714020729064941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184337299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1437428","display_name":"Semantics (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.5377030968666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195324797","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33742","display_name":"Natural language","level":2,"score":0.5260957479476929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5049236416816711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.4643789529800415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778029271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5421931","display_name":"Extension (predicate logic)","level":2,"score":0.4602879583835602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26022165","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8091","display_name":"Grammar","level":2,"score":0.45679333806037903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132525143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141488","display_name":"Graph","level":2,"score":0.4470493495464325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86034646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q474311","display_name":"Semantic gap","level":4,"score":0.4447263181209564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781122975","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16928266","display_name":"Semantic feature","level":2,"score":0.4230615794658661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49774154","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131765","display_name":"Multimedia","level":1,"score":0.37834179401397705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.19271790981292725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.1879887580871582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.11803215742111206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1667742","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10927554","display_name":"Image retrieval","level":3,"score":0.09745198488235474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0813811719417572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/info12120502","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info12120502","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/12/12/502/pdf?version=1638515104","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219776","display_name":"Information","issn_l":"2078-2489","issn":["2078-2489"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:d6bb94e7fa974641afd0f0f63e8110a7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/d6bb94e7fa974641afd0f0f63e8110a7","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Information, Vol 12, Iss 12, p 502 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2078-2489/12/12/502/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/info12120502","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Information; Volume 12; Issue 12; Pages: 502","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/info12120502","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info12120502","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/12/12/502/pdf?version=1638515104","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219776","display_name":"Information","issn_l":"2078-2489","issn":["2078-2489"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.8299999833106995,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4200416944.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4200416944.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1486060671","https://openalex.org/W1584200282","https://openalex.org/W1615587288","https://openalex.org/W2020982649","https://openalex.org/W2080133951","https://openalex.org/W2096848909","https://openalex.org/W2098276338","https://openalex.org/W2136951832","https://openalex.org/W2139401687","https://openalex.org/W2147069236","https://openalex.org/W2159474661","https://openalex.org/W2161865688","https://openalex.org/W2161910638","https://openalex.org/W2185175083","https://openalex.org/W2589709136","https://openalex.org/W2757045245","https://openalex.org/W2798749602","https://openalex.org/W2889472557","https://openalex.org/W2912605186","https://openalex.org/W3000085795","https://openalex.org/W3106522498","https://openalex.org/W3123129707","https://openalex.org/W3164042495","https://openalex.org/W3186209864","https://openalex.org/W4248249472","https://openalex.org/W4249837911","https://openalex.org/W6655678722","https://openalex.org/W6682919253","https://openalex.org/W6807991019","https://openalex.org/W6817436673"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2750434199","https://openalex.org/W2129428289","https://openalex.org/W2347374138","https://openalex.org/W2050635624","https://openalex.org/W2473933584","https://openalex.org/W2091753323","https://openalex.org/W2932687906","https://openalex.org/W2384506582","https://openalex.org/W2101447046","https://openalex.org/W2350165951"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Multimedia":[0],"feature":[1,34,75,107],"graphs":[2,76],"are":[3],"employed":[4,159],"to":[5,17,36,53,72,103,160],"represent":[6,37,104],"features":[7,20,43,125],"of":[8,31,40,81,86,123],"images,":[9],"video,":[10],"audio,":[11],"or":[12],"text.":[13],"Various":[14],"techniques":[15],"exist":[16],"extract":[18],"such":[19,32,41,62,124],"from":[21],"multimedia":[22,42,74,106,147],"objects.":[23],"In":[24],"this":[25,132,154],"paper,":[26],"we":[27,67,151],"describe":[28],"the":[29,38,101,117,120,140,162],"extension":[30,71,156],"a":[33,46,69,79,97,109],"graph":[35],"meaning":[39],"and":[44,77,111,126,138,166],"introduce":[45,78],"formal":[47],"context-free":[48],"PS-grammar":[49],"(Phrase":[50],"Structure":[51],"grammar)":[52],"automatically":[54],"generate":[55],"human-understandable":[56,112],"natural":[57,87],"language":[58,88],"expressions":[59],"based":[60,143],"on":[61,96,144],"features.":[63],"To":[64],"achieve":[65],"this,":[66],"define":[68],"semantic":[70,98,155],"syntactic":[73],"set":[80],"production":[82],"rules":[83],"for":[84],"phrases":[85],"English":[89],"expressions.":[90],"This":[91],"explainability,":[92],"which":[93,114],"is":[94],"founded":[95],"model":[99],"provides":[100],"opportunity":[102],"any":[105],"in":[108,164],"human-readable":[110],"form,":[113],"largely":[115],"closes":[116],"gap":[118],"between":[119],"technical":[121],"representation":[122],"their":[127],"semantics.":[128],"We":[129],"show":[130,152],"how":[131,153],"explainability":[133],"can":[134,157],"be":[135,158],"formally":[136],"defined":[137],"demonstrate":[139],"corresponding":[141],"implementation":[142],"our":[145],"generic":[146],"analysis":[148],"framework.":[149],"Furthermore,":[150],"increase":[161],"effectiveness":[163],"precision":[165],"recall":[167],"experiments.":[168]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}