{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3210657379","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info12110450","title":"WebPGA: An Educational Technology That Supports Learning by Reviewing Paper-Based Programming Assessments","display_name":"WebPGA: An Educational Technology That Supports Learning by Reviewing Paper-Based Programming Assessments","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-10-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3210657379","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info12110450","mag":"3210657379"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/info12110450","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info12110450","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/12/11/450/pdf?version=1635509476","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219776","display_name":"Information","issn_l":"2078-2489","issn":["2078-2489"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/12/11/450/pdf?version=1635509476","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091482488","display_name":"Yancy Vance Paredes","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8039-7970"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55732556","display_name":"Arizona State University","ror":"https://ror.org/03efmqc40","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yancy Vance Paredes","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing and Augmented Intelligence, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8039-7970","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing and Augmented Intelligence, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057147679","display_name":"I\u2010Han Hsiao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1888-3951"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16269868","display_name":"Santa Clara University","ror":"https://ror.org/03ypqe447","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16269868"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"I-Han Hsiao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Santa Clara University, Santa Clara, CA 95053, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Santa Clara University, Santa Clara, CA 95053, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16269868"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5091482488"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"],"apc_list":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1782},"apc_paid":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1782},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.19247467,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"11","first_page":"450","last_page":"450"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11122","display_name":"Online Learning and Analytics","score":0.9958999752998352,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11122","display_name":"Online Learning and Analytics","score":0.9958999752998352,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10533","display_name":"Teaching and Learning Programming","score":0.9891999959945679,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11283","display_name":"Experimental Learning in Engineering","score":0.9876999855041504,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6708210110664368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grading","display_name":"Grading (engineering)","score":0.6648967266082764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digitization","display_name":"Digitization","score":0.5407881736755371},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blended-learning","display_name":"Blended learning","score":0.5077649354934692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multimedia","display_name":"Multimedia","score":0.47021201252937317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/learning-analytics","display_name":"Learning analytics","score":0.4659111797809601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/class","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","score":0.44948065280914307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics-education","display_name":"Mathematics education","score":0.44624537229537964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/educational-technology","display_name":"Educational technology","score":0.423788458108902},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.28946036100387573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.19666719436645508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.19360527396202087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.17720061540603638}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6708210110664368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777286243","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5591926","display_name":"Grading (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.6648967266082764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779308522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q843958","display_name":"Digitization","level":2,"score":0.5407881736755371},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158592959","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q869010","display_name":"Blended learning","level":3,"score":0.5077649354934692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49774154","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131765","display_name":"Multimedia","level":1,"score":0.47021201252937317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777648619","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2845208","display_name":"Learning analytics","level":2,"score":0.4659111797809601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777212361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5127848","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.44948065280914307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.44624537229537964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16443162","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1068473","display_name":"Educational technology","level":2,"score":0.423788458108902},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.28946036100387573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.19666719436645508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.19360527396202087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.17720061540603638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147176958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77590","display_name":"Civil engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/info12110450","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info12110450","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/12/11/450/pdf?version=1635509476","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219776","display_name":"Information","issn_l":"2078-2489","issn":["2078-2489"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:6b5631b36bad4cb7b1d4a93ed62ce1e2","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/6b5631b36bad4cb7b1d4a93ed62ce1e2","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Information, Vol 12, Iss 11, p 450 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2078-2489/12/11/450/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/info12110450","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Information; Volume 12; Issue 11; Pages: 450","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/info12110450","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info12110450","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/12/11/450/pdf?version=1635509476","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219776","display_name":"Information","issn_l":"2078-2489","issn":["2078-2489"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.8500000238418579,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3210657379.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3210657379.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":43,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1121226306","https://openalex.org/W1568056540","https://openalex.org/W1575653322","https://openalex.org/W1598232721","https://openalex.org/W1710333953","https://openalex.org/W1971916043","https://openalex.org/W1971973232","https://openalex.org/W1997543660","https://openalex.org/W2015343734","https://openalex.org/W2023735971","https://openalex.org/W2038924341","https://openalex.org/W2061078473","https://openalex.org/W2064754950","https://openalex.org/W2065315280","https://openalex.org/W2066526711","https://openalex.org/W2083208205","https://openalex.org/W2089010774","https://openalex.org/W2096586663","https://openalex.org/W2105507325","https://openalex.org/W2111760158","https://openalex.org/W2112929667","https://openalex.org/W2113924036","https://openalex.org/W2124097097","https://openalex.org/W2126436154","https://openalex.org/W2139891935","https://openalex.org/W2161052636","https://openalex.org/W2398174324","https://openalex.org/W2490285409","https://openalex.org/W2512823498","https://openalex.org/W2560140854","https://openalex.org/W2578745363","https://openalex.org/W2605994771","https://openalex.org/W2801630847","https://openalex.org/W2885073092","https://openalex.org/W2921312745","https://openalex.org/W3038632104","https://openalex.org/W3135003185","https://openalex.org/W3160424667","https://openalex.org/W3174017934","https://openalex.org/W4229635495","https://openalex.org/W6677055398","https://openalex.org/W6678163470","https://openalex.org/W6753359455"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1539704186","https://openalex.org/W2399890175","https://openalex.org/W3202479762","https://openalex.org/W2141967468","https://openalex.org/W2914528157","https://openalex.org/W1964648952","https://openalex.org/W3080287063","https://openalex.org/W2806361344","https://openalex.org/W1997166130","https://openalex.org/W4377140396"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Providing":[0],"feedback":[1],"to":[2,11,25,102,124,203],"students":[3,69,159,173,193],"is":[4,45],"one":[5],"of":[6,18,60,87,99,109],"the":[7,16,57,71,74,82,85,94,107,126,145,168,171,187,197],"most":[8],"effective":[9],"ways":[10],"enhance":[12],"their":[13,153,165,178],"learning.":[14],"With":[15,106],"advancement":[17],"technology,":[19,111],"many":[20],"tools":[21],"have":[22],"been":[23],"developed":[24],"provide":[26],"personalized":[27],"feedback.":[28],"However,":[29],"these":[30],"systems":[31,63],"are":[32,37],"only":[33],"beneficial":[34],"when":[35,192],"interactions":[36],"done":[38],"on":[39],"digital":[40,77,154],"platforms.":[41],"As":[42],"paper-based":[43,100],"assessment":[44,188],"still":[46],"a":[47,65,88,138],"dominantly":[48],"preferred":[49],"evaluation":[50],"method,":[51],"particularly":[52],"in":[53,129,163,196],"large":[54],"blended-instruction":[55,104],"classes,":[56],"sole":[58],"use":[59],"electronic":[61],"educational":[62,90],"presents":[64],"gap":[66],"between":[67],"how":[68],"learn":[70],"subject":[72],"from":[73,137],"physical":[75],"and":[76,84,97,133,144,170,180],"world.":[78],"This":[79],"has":[80],"motivated":[81],"design":[83],"development":[86],"new":[89],"technology":[91],"that":[92,158],"facilitates":[93],"digitization,":[95],"grading,":[96],"distribution":[98],"assessments":[101],"support":[103],"classes.":[105],"aid":[108],"this":[110],"different":[112],"learning":[113,147],"analytics":[114],"can":[115],"be":[116],"readily":[117],"captured.":[118],"A":[119],"retrospective":[120],"analysis":[121],"was":[122],"conducted":[123],"understand":[125],"students\u2019":[127],"behaviors":[128],"an":[130],"Object-Oriented":[131],"Programming":[132],"Data":[134],"Structures":[135],"class":[136],"public":[139],"university.":[140],"Their":[141],"behavioral":[142],"differences":[143],"associated":[146],"impacts":[148],"were":[149,194,201],"analyzed":[150],"by":[151],"leveraging":[152],"footprints.":[155],"Results":[156],"showed":[157],"made":[160],"significant":[161],"efforts":[162],"reviewing":[164,177,198],"examinations.":[166],"Notably,":[167],"high-achieving":[169],"improving":[172],"spent":[174],"more":[175],"time":[176],"mistakes":[179],"started":[181],"doing":[182],"so":[183],"as":[184,186],"soon":[185],"became":[189],"available.":[190],"Finally,":[191],"guided":[195],"process,":[199],"they":[200,207],"able":[202],"identify":[204],"items":[205],"where":[206],"had":[208],"misconceptions.":[209]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-08-10T07:06:39.071514","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
