{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3206592872","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info12110438","title":"Emotion Classification in Spanish: Exploring the Hard Classes","display_name":"Emotion Classification in Spanish: Exploring the Hard Classes","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-10-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3206592872","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info12110438","mag":"3206592872"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/info12110438","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info12110438","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/12/11/438/pdf?version=1634863580","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219776","display_name":"Information","issn_l":"2078-2489","issn":["2078-2489"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/12/11/438/pdf?version=1634863580","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5104021555","display_name":"Aiala Ros\u00e1","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180910786","display_name":"Universidad de la Rep\u00fablica de Uruguay","ror":"https://ror.org/030bbe882","country_code":"UY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180910786"]}],"countries":["UY"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Aiala Ros\u00e1","raw_affiliation_strings":["Facultad de Ingenier\u00eda, Instituto de Computaci\u00f3n, Universidad de la Rep\u00fablica, Julio Herrera y Reissig 565, Montevideo 11300, Uruguay"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Facultad de Ingenier\u00eda, Instituto de Computaci\u00f3n, Universidad de la Rep\u00fablica, Julio Herrera y Reissig 565, Montevideo 11300, Uruguay","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180910786"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052471374","display_name":"Luis Chiruzzo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1697-4614"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180910786","display_name":"Universidad de la Rep\u00fablica de Uruguay","ror":"https://ror.org/030bbe882","country_code":"UY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180910786"]}],"countries":["UY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Luis Chiruzzo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Facultad de Ingenier\u00eda, Instituto de Computaci\u00f3n, Universidad de la Rep\u00fablica, Julio Herrera y Reissig 565, Montevideo 11300, Uruguay"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1697-4614","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Facultad de Ingenier\u00eda, Instituto de Computaci\u00f3n, Universidad de la Rep\u00fablica, Julio Herrera y Reissig 565, Montevideo 11300, Uruguay","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180910786"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5104021555"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180910786"],"apc_list":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1782},"apc_paid":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1782},"fwci":1.0403,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.81556855,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"11","first_page":"438","last_page":"438"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10664","display_name":"Sentiment Analysis and Opinion Mining","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10664","display_name":"Sentiment Analysis and Opinion Mining","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10667","display_name":"Emotion and Mood Recognition","score":0.989300012588501,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11795","display_name":"Humor Studies and Applications","score":0.9817000031471252,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sadness","display_name":"Sadness","score":0.9576655030250549},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/surprise","display_name":"Surprise","score":0.8660733699798584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anger","display_name":"Anger","score":0.7910593152046204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/disgust","display_name":"Disgust","score":0.7585458755493164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/emotion-classification","display_name":"Emotion classification","score":0.6715714931488037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sentiment-analysis","display_name":"Sentiment analysis","score":0.5764057636260986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/valence","display_name":"Valence (chemistry)","score":0.5730986595153809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.5296112298965454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heuristics","display_name":"Heuristics","score":0.528670072555542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-psychology","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","score":0.49263888597488403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/recall","display_name":"Recall","score":0.471698522567749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.43196675181388855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3834154009819031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-psychology","display_name":"Social psychology","score":0.37731167674064636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.32930076122283936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.3216497600078583}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779812673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q169251","display_name":"Sadness","level":3,"score":0.9576655030250549},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780343955","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333173","display_name":"Surprise","level":2,"score":0.8660733699798584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779302386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79871","display_name":"Anger","level":2,"score":0.7910593152046204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777375102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208351","display_name":"Disgust","level":3,"score":0.7585458755493164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206310091","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q750859","display_name":"Emotion classification","level":2,"score":0.6715714931488037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66402592","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2271421","display_name":"Sentiment analysis","level":2,"score":0.5764057636260986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168900304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q171407","display_name":"Valence (chemistry)","level":2,"score":0.5730986595153809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.5296112298965454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127705205","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5748245","display_name":"Heuristics","level":2,"score":0.528670072555542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.49263888597488403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100660578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18733","display_name":"Recall","level":2,"score":0.471698522567749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.43196675181388855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3834154009819031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.37731167674064636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.32930076122283936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.3216497600078583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/info12110438","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info12110438","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/12/11/438/pdf?version=1634863580","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219776","display_name":"Information","issn_l":"2078-2489","issn":["2078-2489"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:aaa4f2f60d9e4c9da97d9e4ef9a0b335","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/aaa4f2f60d9e4c9da97d9e4ef9a0b335","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Information, Vol 12, Iss 11, p 438 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2078-2489/12/11/438/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/info12110438","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Information; Volume 12; Issue 11; Pages: 438","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/info12110438","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info12110438","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/12/11/438/pdf?version=1634863580","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219776","display_name":"Information","issn_l":"2078-2489","issn":["2078-2489"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8299999833106995,"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3206592872.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3206592872.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":34,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1982870705","https://openalex.org/W1986101067","https://openalex.org/W1999609000","https://openalex.org/W2011722134","https://openalex.org/W2023736093","https://openalex.org/W2040467972","https://openalex.org/W2105468141","https://openalex.org/W2167557160","https://openalex.org/W2572417518","https://openalex.org/W2741447225","https://openalex.org/W2791506524","https://openalex.org/W2805744755","https://openalex.org/W2805889480","https://openalex.org/W2806227953","https://openalex.org/W2889423718","https://openalex.org/W2963177779","https://openalex.org/W2963223838","https://openalex.org/W2966269089","https://openalex.org/W2976855540","https://openalex.org/W3015767622","https://openalex.org/W3032735579","https://openalex.org/W3093799113","https://openalex.org/W3094798170","https://openalex.org/W3096230989","https://openalex.org/W3097370230","https://openalex.org/W3133334564","https://openalex.org/W3156500343","https://openalex.org/W3198555947","https://openalex.org/W3202037236","https://openalex.org/W3202550683","https://openalex.org/W4211036025","https://openalex.org/W4385681388","https://openalex.org/W6776033371","https://openalex.org/W7000289857"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2794357331","https://openalex.org/W3216173459","https://openalex.org/W4242611441","https://openalex.org/W4242034606","https://openalex.org/W2037174948","https://openalex.org/W2039832747","https://openalex.org/W2810172795","https://openalex.org/W2945121592","https://openalex.org/W4308769266","https://openalex.org/W4388134110"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,47],"study":[1,48,90],"of":[2,36,49,91,103,107,117],"affective":[3],"language":[4],"has":[5,21,59,65],"had":[6],"numerous":[7],"developments":[8],"in":[9,15],"the":[10,19,34,83,89,101,133],"Natural":[11],"Language":[12],"Processing":[13],"area":[14],"recent":[16],"years,":[17],"but":[18],"focus":[20],"been":[22,60],"predominantly":[23],"on":[24,112],"Sentiment":[25],"Analysis,":[26],"an":[27],"expression":[28],"usually":[29],"used":[30],"to":[31,33,39,120],"refer":[32],"classification":[35,116],"texts":[37],"according":[38,119],"their":[40],"polarity":[41],"or":[42],"valence":[43],"(positive":[44],"vs.":[45],"negative).":[46],"emotions,":[50,92],"such":[51,75],"as":[52,76],"joy,":[53,126],"sadness,":[54,127],"anger,":[55],"surprise,":[56,128],"among":[57],"others,":[58],"much":[61],"less":[62],"developed":[63],"and":[64,71,110,129],"fewer":[66],"resources,":[67],"both":[68],"for":[69,72,88,94,100,115],"English":[70],"other":[73],"languages,":[74],"Spanish.":[77],"In":[78],"this":[79],"paper,":[80],"we":[81,96,131],"present":[82],"most":[84,134],"relevant":[85],"existing":[86,105],"resources":[87],"mainly":[93],"Spanish;":[95],"describe":[97],"some":[98,113],"heuristics":[99],"union":[102],"two":[104],"corpora":[106],"Spanish":[108],"tweets;":[109],"based":[111],"experiments":[114],"tweets":[118],"seven":[121],"categories":[122],"(anger,":[123],"disgust,":[124],"fear,":[125],"others)":[130],"analyze":[132],"problematic":[135],"classes.":[136]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-07-23T08:03:31.855105","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}