{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3199442479","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info12090385","title":"Integrating Comprehensive Human Oversight in Drone Deployment: A Conceptual Framework Applied to the Case of Military Surveillance Drones","display_name":"Integrating Comprehensive Human Oversight in Drone Deployment: A Conceptual Framework Applied to the Case of Military Surveillance Drones","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-09-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3199442479","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info12090385","mag":"3199442479"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/info12090385","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info12090385","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/12/9/385/pdf?version=1632451537","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219776","display_name":"Information","issn_l":"2078-2489","issn":["2078-2489"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/12/9/385/pdf?version=1632451537","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062861055","display_name":"Ilse Verdiesen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0296-1844"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98358874","display_name":"Delft University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02e2c7k09","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ilse Verdiesen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Technology, Policy and Management, Delft University of Technology, 2600 AA Delft, The Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0296-1844","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Technology, Policy and Management, Delft University of Technology, 2600 AA Delft, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041832488","display_name":"Andrea Aler Tubella","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8423-8029"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I90267481","display_name":"Ume\u00e5 University","ror":"https://ror.org/05kb8h459","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I90267481"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrea Aler Tubella","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computing Science, Ume\u00e5 University, 907 36 Ume\u00e5, Sweden"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8423-8029","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computing Science, Ume\u00e5 University, 907 36 Ume\u00e5, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I90267481"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050532928","display_name":"Virginia Dignum","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7409-5813"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I90267481","display_name":"Ume\u00e5 University","ror":"https://ror.org/05kb8h459","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I90267481"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98358874","display_name":"Delft University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02e2c7k09","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]}],"countries":["NL","SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Virginia Dignum","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computing Science, Ume\u00e5 University, 907 36 Ume\u00e5, Sweden","Faculty of Technology, Policy and Management, Delft University of Technology, 2600 AA Delft, The Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7409-5813","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computing Science, Ume\u00e5 University, 907 36 Ume\u00e5, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I90267481"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Technology, Policy and Management, Delft University of Technology, 2600 AA Delft, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5062861055"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"],"apc_list":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"apc_paid":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"fwci":2.1171,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88372093,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"9","first_page":"385","last_page":"385"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10883","display_name":"Ethics and Social Impacts of AI","score":0.9779000282287598,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10883","display_name":"Ethics and Social Impacts of AI","score":0.9779000282287598,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9283999800682068,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/accountability","display_name":"Accountability","score":0.9269336462020874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drone","display_name":"Drone","score":0.9226621985435486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-deployment","display_name":"Software deployment","score":0.7676413655281067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/corporate-governance","display_name":"Corporate governance","score":0.4733686149120331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.34862977266311646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.3348017930984497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.33420610427856445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3035852313041687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.2907302975654602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/law","display_name":"Law","score":0.15927091240882874}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776007630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2798912","display_name":"Accountability","level":2,"score":0.9269336462020874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59519942","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q650665","display_name":"Drone","level":2,"score":0.9226621985435486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105339364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2297740","display_name":"Software deployment","level":2,"score":0.7676413655281067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39389867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380767","display_name":"Corporate governance","level":2,"score":0.4733686149120331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.34862977266311646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.3348017930984497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.33420610427856445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3035852313041687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.2907302975654602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.15927091240882874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/info12090385","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info12090385","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/12/9/385/pdf?version=1632451537","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219776","display_name":"Information","issn_l":"2078-2489","issn":["2078-2489"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:DiVA.org:umu-188167","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-188167","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400361","display_name":"DiVA at Ume\u00e5 University (Ume\u00e5 University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I90267481","host_organization_name":"Ume\u00e5 University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I90267481"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:ce99aa8e716241a7ac9da92c74dbef1f","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/ce99aa8e716241a7ac9da92c74dbef1f","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Information, Vol 12, Iss 9, p 385 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2078-2489/12/9/385/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/info12090385","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Information; Volume 12; Issue 9; Pages: 385","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:tudelft.nl:uuid:53bafee5-7c4b-44a4-88a8-566a451c829f","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:53bafee5-7c4b-44a4-88a8-566a451c829f","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400906","display_name":"Research Repository (Delft University of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I98358874","host_organization_name":"Delft University of Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"journal article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/info12090385","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info12090385","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/12/9/385/pdf?version=1632451537","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219776","display_name":"Information","issn_l":"2078-2489","issn":["2078-2489"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322327","display_name":"Knut och Alice Wallenbergs Stiftelse","ror":"https://ror.org/004hzzk67"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3199442479.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3199442479.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W155952693","https://openalex.org/W1969161726","https://openalex.org/W1970337820","https://openalex.org/W2003519281","https://openalex.org/W2006633854","https://openalex.org/W2036706085","https://openalex.org/W2050840600","https://openalex.org/W2096478713","https://openalex.org/W2106460240","https://openalex.org/W2111664716","https://openalex.org/W2142340571","https://openalex.org/W2148223342","https://openalex.org/W2298275666","https://openalex.org/W2415159963","https://openalex.org/W2492215133","https://openalex.org/W2521953874","https://openalex.org/W2602558403","https://openalex.org/W2740354876","https://openalex.org/W2792435043","https://openalex.org/W2965534490","https://openalex.org/W2970052651","https://openalex.org/W2980967001","https://openalex.org/W3046373979","https://openalex.org/W3122059010","https://openalex.org/W4211192987","https://openalex.org/W4235718861","https://openalex.org/W4236082062","https://openalex.org/W4248881854","https://openalex.org/W4289813967","https://openalex.org/W6841674153","https://openalex.org/W7051668416"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4229448053","https://openalex.org/W4247925126","https://openalex.org/W4327774218","https://openalex.org/W2059768187","https://openalex.org/W4312858960","https://openalex.org/W4386036939","https://openalex.org/W4379143281","https://openalex.org/W2605096541","https://openalex.org/W3200286695","https://openalex.org/W4212885606"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Accountability":[0],"is":[1,31,41],"a":[2,25,42,108,133,153],"value":[3],"often":[4],"mentioned":[5],"in":[6,16,89,117,123],"the":[7,48,53,60,91,103,124,145,174,191,195,198,202],"debate":[8],"on":[9,22,34,135,148,187,190],"intelligent":[10],"systems":[11],"and":[12,36,93,115,137,181],"their":[13,86],"increased":[14],"pervasiveness":[15],"our":[17],"society.":[18],"When":[19],"focusing":[20],"specifically":[21],"autonomous":[23,57,63,80],"systems,":[24],"critical":[26,69],"gap":[27,105],"emerges:":[28],"although":[29],"there":[30,40],"much":[32],"work":[33],"governance":[35],"attribution":[37],"of":[38,45,50,56,62,71,127,155,179,194,201],"accountability,":[39],"significant":[43],"lack":[44],"methods":[46],"for":[47,160],"operationalisation":[49,104],"accountability":[51,75,116,136],"within":[52],"socio-technical":[54,109,168],"layer":[55],"systems.":[58],"In":[59,96,170],"case":[61,126],"unmanned":[64],"aerial":[65],"vehicles":[66],"or":[67],"drones\u2014the":[68],"question":[70],"how":[72],"to":[73,101,111,176],"maintain":[74],"as":[76,85,140],"they":[77],"undertake":[78],"fully":[79],"flights":[81],"becomes":[82],"increasingly":[83],"important":[84],"uses":[87],"multiply":[88],"both":[90],"commercial":[92],"military":[94,128],"fields.":[95],"this":[97],"paper,":[98],"we":[99,142,183],"aim":[100],"fill":[102],"by":[106,172],"proposing":[107],"framework":[110,175],"guarantee":[112],"human":[113,138,149],"oversight":[114,139],"drone":[118,196],"deployments,":[119],"showing":[120],"its":[121],"enforceability":[122],"real":[125],"surveillance":[129],"drones.":[130],"By":[131],"keeping":[132],"focus":[134],"values,":[141],"align":[143],"with":[144,166],"emphasis":[146],"placed":[147],"responsibility,":[150],"while":[151],"requiring":[152],"concretisation":[154],"what":[156],"these":[157],"principles":[158],"mean":[159],"each":[161],"specific":[162],"application,":[163],"connecting":[164],"them":[165],"concrete":[167],"requirements.":[169],"addition,":[171],"constraining":[173],"observable":[177],"elements":[178],"pre-":[180],"post-deployment,":[182],"do":[184],"not":[185],"rely":[186],"assumptions":[188],"made":[189],"internal":[192],"workings":[193],"nor":[197],"technical":[199],"fluency":[200],"operator.":[203]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}