{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3174842244","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info12070262","title":"An Online Iterative Linear Quadratic Approach for a Satisfactory Working Point Attainment at FERMI","display_name":"An Online Iterative Linear Quadratic Approach for a Satisfactory Working Point Attainment at FERMI","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-06-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3174842244","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info12070262","mag":"3174842244"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/info12070262","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info12070262","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/12/7/262/pdf?version=1624859331","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219776","display_name":"Information","issn_l":"2078-2489","issn":["2078-2489"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/12/7/262/pdf?version=1624859331","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042988687","display_name":"Niky Bruchon","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0059-1176"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142444530","display_name":"University of Trieste","ror":"https://ror.org/02n742c10","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142444530"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Niky Bruchon","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Engineering and Architecture, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, TS, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0059-1176","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Engineering and Architecture, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, TS, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142444530"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000999290","display_name":"Gianfranco Fenu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0867-8388"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142444530","display_name":"University of Trieste","ror":"https://ror.org/02n742c10","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142444530"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gianfranco Fenu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Engineering and Architecture, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, TS, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0867-8388","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Engineering and Architecture, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, TS, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142444530"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030757277","display_name":"G. Gaio","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9000-9874"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802561039","display_name":"Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A.","ror":"https://ror.org/01c3rrh15","country_code":"IT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801626668","https://openalex.org/I2802561039"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Giulio Gaio","raw_affiliation_strings":["IT Group, Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste, 34149 Basovizza, TS, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9000-9874","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IT Group, Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste, 34149 Basovizza, TS, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802561039"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113877091","display_name":"Simon Hirl\u00e4nder","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I182212641","display_name":"University of Salzburg","ror":"https://ror.org/05gs8cd61","country_code":"AT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I182212641"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Simon Hirlander","raw_affiliation_strings":["IDA Lab Salzburg, University of Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2634-3437","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IDA Lab Salzburg, University of Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I182212641"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074582123","display_name":"M. Lonza","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9738-2353"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802561039","display_name":"Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A.","ror":"https://ror.org/01c3rrh15","country_code":"IT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801626668","https://openalex.org/I2802561039"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marco Lonza","raw_affiliation_strings":["IT Group, Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste, 34149 Basovizza, TS, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9738-2353","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IT Group, Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste, 34149 Basovizza, TS, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802561039"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058996630","display_name":"Felice Andrea Pellegrino","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4423-1666"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142444530","display_name":"University of Trieste","ror":"https://ror.org/02n742c10","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142444530"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Felice Andrea Pellegrino","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Engineering and Architecture, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, TS, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4423-1666","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Engineering and Architecture, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, TS, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142444530"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031170813","display_name":"Erica Salvato","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3815-6652"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142444530","display_name":"University of Trieste","ror":"https://ror.org/02n742c10","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142444530"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Erica Salvato","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Engineering and Architecture, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, TS, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3815-6652","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Engineering and Architecture, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, TS, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142444530"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5042988687"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142444530"],"apc_list":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"apc_paid":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"fwci":0.1017,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.42303419,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"7","first_page":"262","last_page":"262"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10559","display_name":"Particle Accelerators and Free-Electron Lasers","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10559","display_name":"Particle Accelerators and Free-Electron Lasers","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11183","display_name":"Advanced X-ray Imaging Techniques","score":0.9889000058174133,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3108","display_name":"Radiation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11044","display_name":"Particle Detector Development and Performance","score":0.9781000018119812,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3106","display_name":"Nuclear and High Energy Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6688270568847656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.6292768120765686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quadratic-equation","display_name":"Quadratic equation","score":0.5585031509399414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.48703843355178833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simple","display_name":"Simple (philosophy)","score":0.41810375452041626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.41735124588012695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/point","display_name":"Point (geometry)","score":0.4155055582523346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.396789014339447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.36752521991729736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.1680096685886383}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6688270568847656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.6292768120765686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129844170","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41299","display_name":"Quadratic equation","level":2,"score":0.5585031509399414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.48703843355178833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780586882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7520643","display_name":"Simple (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.41810375452041626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.41735124588012695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28719098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44946","display_name":"Point (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.4155055582523346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.396789014339447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.36752521991729736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.1680096685886383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/info12070262","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info12070262","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/12/7/262/pdf?version=1624859331","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219776","display_name":"Information","issn_l":"2078-2489","issn":["2078-2489"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arts.units.it:11368/2992446","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11368/2992446","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400480","display_name":"ArTS Archivio della ricerca di Trieste (University of Trieste https://www.units.it/)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I142444530","host_organization_name":"University of Trieste","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142444530"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:0a6fcc2aa1f048a5ab2df00e55a4342d","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/0a6fcc2aa1f048a5ab2df00e55a4342d","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Information, Vol 12, Iss 7, p 262 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2078-2489/12/7/262/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/info12070262","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Information; Volume 12; Issue 7; Pages: 262","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/info12070262","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info12070262","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/12/7/262/pdf?version=1624859331","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219776","display_name":"Information","issn_l":"2078-2489","issn":["2078-2489"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3174842244.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3174842244.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":38,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W195033972","https://openalex.org/W200033674","https://openalex.org/W637706679","https://openalex.org/W1515777901","https://openalex.org/W1969615684","https://openalex.org/W1979909847","https://openalex.org/W1990895357","https://openalex.org/W1992637700","https://openalex.org/W2000504450","https://openalex.org/W2067674553","https://openalex.org/W2157858132","https://openalex.org/W2160627098","https://openalex.org/W2285067071","https://openalex.org/W2339485419","https://openalex.org/W2484646121","https://openalex.org/W2559479405","https://openalex.org/W2559981017","https://openalex.org/W2560446681","https://openalex.org/W2571670780","https://openalex.org/W2741638119","https://openalex.org/W2749680651","https://openalex.org/W2883445762","https://openalex.org/W2899551739","https://openalex.org/W2901973743","https://openalex.org/W2922088022","https://openalex.org/W2924607344","https://openalex.org/W2979123596","https://openalex.org/W2995243051","https://openalex.org/W3023332819","https://openalex.org/W3094354705","https://openalex.org/W3105109089","https://openalex.org/W3108809127","https://openalex.org/W3111042622","https://openalex.org/W3112056027","https://openalex.org/W3117431954","https://openalex.org/W6696064972","https://openalex.org/W6729999107","https://openalex.org/W6784286019"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1585007175","https://openalex.org/W2382521049","https://openalex.org/W2144385241","https://openalex.org/W4300101996","https://openalex.org/W2165950148","https://openalex.org/W4253593777","https://openalex.org/W2951497643","https://openalex.org/W2142393343","https://openalex.org/W2338854850","https://openalex.org/W2184239527"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"attainment":[1],"of":[2,9,16,28,75,81,102,121,129],"a":[3,29,82,87,106,152,159],"satisfactory":[4],"operating":[5],"point":[6],"is":[7,132],"one":[8],"the":[10,14,26,71,95,100,103,115,136,142,166],"main":[11],"problems":[12],"in":[13,50,105,123,148],"tuning":[15],"particle":[17],"accelerators.":[18],"These":[19],"are":[20],"extremely":[21],"complex":[22],"facilities,":[23],"characterized":[24],"by":[25,37,86,99],"absence":[27],"model":[30,83,130],"that":[31,141],"accurately":[32],"describes":[33],"their":[34,48],"dynamics,":[35],"and":[36,157],"an":[38,58],"often":[39],"persistent":[40],"noise":[41],"which,":[42],"along":[43],"with":[44,118],"machine":[45],"drifts,":[46],"affects":[47],"behaviour":[49],"unpredictable":[51],"ways.":[52],"In":[53],"this":[54,68],"paper,":[55],"we":[56],"propose":[57],"online":[59,143],"iterative":[60],"Linear":[61],"Quadratic":[62],"Regulator":[63],"(iLQR)":[64],"approach":[65],"to":[66,125,134,164],"tackle":[67],"problem":[69],"on":[70,91,146],"FERMI":[72],"free-electron":[73],"laser":[74],"Elettra":[76],"Sincrotrone":[77],"Trieste.":[78],"It":[79],"consists":[80],"identification":[84],"performed":[85],"neural":[88,116,162],"network":[89,117,163],"trained":[90],"data":[92],"collected":[93],"from":[94],"real":[96],"facility,":[97],"followed":[98],"application":[101],"iLQR":[104,144],"Model-Predictive":[107],"Control":[108],"fashion.":[109],"We":[110,138],"perform":[111],"several":[112],"experiments,":[113],"training":[114],"increasing":[119],"amount":[120],"data,":[122],"order":[124],"understand":[126],"what":[127],"level":[128],"accuracy":[131],"needed":[133],"accomplish":[135],"task.":[137],"empirically":[139],"show":[140],"results,":[145],"average,":[147],"fewer":[149],"steps":[150],"than":[151],"simple":[153],"gradient":[154],"ascent":[155],"(GA),":[156],"requires":[158],"less":[160],"accurate":[161],"achieve":[165],"goal.":[167]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-23T08:51:43.019350","created_date":"2021-07-05T00:00:00"}