{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3176638923","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info12070260","title":"From Potential to Real Threat? The Impacts of Technology Attributes on Licensing Competition\u2014Evidence from China during 2002\u20132013","display_name":"From Potential to Real Threat? The Impacts of Technology Attributes on Licensing Competition\u2014Evidence from China during 2002\u20132013","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-06-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3176638923","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info12070260","mag":"3176638923"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/info12070260","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info12070260","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/12/7/260/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219776","display_name":"Information","issn_l":"2078-2489","issn":["2078-2489"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/12/7/260/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109595997","display_name":"Li Ming","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3489-5650"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I62853816","display_name":"Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture","ror":"https://ror.org/02yj0p855","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I62853816"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ming Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Urban Economics and Management, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 100044, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Urban Economics and Management, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 100044, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62853816"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004880407","display_name":"Jason Li\u2010Ying","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6923-5583"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I96673099","display_name":"Technical University of Denmark","ror":"https://ror.org/04qtj9h94","country_code":"DK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I96673099"]}],"countries":["DK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jason Li-Ying","raw_affiliation_strings":["DTU Centre for Technology Entrepreneurship, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"DTU Centre for Technology Entrepreneurship, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I96673099"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101477315","display_name":"Yuandi Wang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24185976","display_name":"Sichuan University","ror":"https://ror.org/011ashp19","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24185976"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuandi Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Business, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Business, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24185976"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100648530","display_name":"Xiangdong Chen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiangdong Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Economics and Management, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Economics and Management, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5109595997"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62853816"],"apc_list":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"apc_paid":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.12642868,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"7","first_page":"260","last_page":"260"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10856","display_name":"Intellectual Property and Patents","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1405","display_name":"Management of Technology and Innovation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10856","display_name":"Intellectual Property and Patents","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1405","display_name":"Management of Technology and Innovation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10003","display_name":"Innovation and Knowledge Management","score":0.9958000183105469,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12722","display_name":"Innovation Policy and R&D","score":0.9922000169754028,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/competition","display_name":"Competition (biology)","score":0.8447353839874268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generality","display_name":"Generality","score":0.7780618071556091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.6447731256484985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/china","display_name":"China","score":0.6173213720321655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/industrial-organization","display_name":"Industrial organization","score":0.46681520342826843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.4336228370666504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economics","display_name":"Economics","score":0.3447505831718445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.10836803913116455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/law","display_name":"Law","score":0.06893658638000488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/management","display_name":"Management","score":0.05991387367248535}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91306197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45767","display_name":"Competition (biology)","level":2,"score":0.8447353839874268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780767217","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5532421","display_name":"Generality","level":2,"score":0.7780618071556091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.6447731256484985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191935318","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q148","display_name":"China","level":2,"score":0.6173213720321655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1411783","display_name":"Industrial organization","level":1,"score":0.46681520342826843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.4336228370666504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.3447505831718445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.10836803913116455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.06893658638000488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.05991387367248535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/info12070260","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info12070260","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/12/7/260/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219776","display_name":"Information","issn_l":"2078-2489","issn":["2078-2489"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:publications/24fd2041-1749-494d-a821-d2b4d4c559f6","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://orbit.dtu.dk/en/publications/24fd2041-1749-494d-a821-d2b4d4c559f6","pdf_url":"https://orbit.dtu.dk/en/publications/24fd2041-1749-494d-a821-d2b4d4c559f6","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400705","display_name":"Technical University of Denmark, DTU Orbit (Technical University of Denmark, DTU)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I96673099","host_organization_name":"Technical University of Denmark","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I96673099"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Li , M , Li-Ying , J , Wang , Y & Chen , X 2021 , ' From Potential to Real Threat? The Impacts of Technology Attributes on Licensing Competition\u2014Evidence from China during 2002\u20132013 ' , Information , vol. 12 , no. 7 , 260 . https://doi.org/10.3390/info12070260","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:11f42aa9033d43fb98b2b0bc2958f58b","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/11f42aa9033d43fb98b2b0bc2958f58b","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Information, Vol 12, Iss 7, p 260 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2078-2489/12/7/260/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/info12070260","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Information; Volume 12; Issue 7; Pages: 260","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/info12070260","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info12070260","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/12/7/260/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219776","display_name":"Information","issn_l":"2078-2489","issn":["2078-2489"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3176638923.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3176638923.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":57,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1485653398","https://openalex.org/W1503819872","https://openalex.org/W1512940104","https://openalex.org/W1890138937","https://openalex.org/W1964589655","https://openalex.org/W1967060413","https://openalex.org/W1970083548","https://openalex.org/W1984524168","https://openalex.org/W1997047972","https://openalex.org/W2003474533","https://openalex.org/W2003508738","https://openalex.org/W2011060588","https://openalex.org/W2011086720","https://openalex.org/W2013776057","https://openalex.org/W2023531155","https://openalex.org/W2027574342","https://openalex.org/W2029150808","https://openalex.org/W2033912020","https://openalex.org/W2035102686","https://openalex.org/W2038365130","https://openalex.org/W2039737876","https://openalex.org/W2041510568","https://openalex.org/W2045359822","https://openalex.org/W2066064717","https://openalex.org/W2068242680","https://openalex.org/W2068960108","https://openalex.org/W2084110222","https://openalex.org/W2086393473","https://openalex.org/W2090390705","https://openalex.org/W2098113900","https://openalex.org/W2100390860","https://openalex.org/W2116970492","https://openalex.org/W2123652928","https://openalex.org/W2125863022","https://openalex.org/W2154108459","https://openalex.org/W2161504690","https://openalex.org/W2166884648","https://openalex.org/W2325642923","https://openalex.org/W2346426860","https://openalex.org/W2493390454","https://openalex.org/W2786751024","https://openalex.org/W3022091162","https://openalex.org/W3114550653","https://openalex.org/W3121537542","https://openalex.org/W3121638084","https://openalex.org/W3122382941","https://openalex.org/W3123569894","https://openalex.org/W3123825539","https://openalex.org/W3124569433","https://openalex.org/W3124757962","https://openalex.org/W3125571233","https://openalex.org/W3126128488","https://openalex.org/W3151015457","https://openalex.org/W4234546991","https://openalex.org/W6628830228","https://openalex.org/W6788963283","https://openalex.org/W7001110452"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2045049461","https://openalex.org/W1978893398","https://openalex.org/W2201908702","https://openalex.org/W4381094582","https://openalex.org/W2369625323","https://openalex.org/W2364579609","https://openalex.org/W1977906818","https://openalex.org/W1522139108","https://openalex.org/W2910174555","https://openalex.org/W2367167857"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Prior":[0],"studies":[1],"have":[2],"extensively":[3],"discussed":[4],"firms\u2019":[5],"propensity":[6],"of":[7,12,37,42,59,68,92,102],"licensing":[8,26,45,49,85,93],"under":[9],"different":[10],"levels":[11],"competition.":[13,94],"This":[14],"study":[15],"clarifies":[16],"the":[17,31,40,56,66,90,100],"differences":[18],"between":[19,33],"potential":[20],"technology":[21],"competition":[22,27,38],"(PTC)":[23],"and":[24,75,81,88],"actual":[25],"(ALC).":[28],"We":[29,53],"investigate":[30],"relationship":[32],"these":[34],"two":[35],"types":[36],"in":[39,84],"context":[41],"Chinese":[43],"patent":[44,48],"landscape,":[46],"using":[47],"data":[50],"during":[51],"2002\u20132013.":[52],"find":[54],"that":[55],"positive":[57],"effect":[58],"PTC":[60],"on":[61],"ALC":[62],"is":[63],"contingent":[64],"upon":[65],"nature":[67],"licensed":[69],"patent,":[70],"such":[71],"as":[72],"generality,":[73],"complexity,":[74],"newness.":[76],"Our":[77],"findings":[78],"help":[79],"scholars":[80],"managers":[82],"interested":[83],"to":[86],"understand":[87],"monitor":[89],"likelihood":[91],"Policy":[95],"implications":[96],"are":[97],"presented":[98],"at":[99],"end":[101],"this":[103],"study.":[104]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}