{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3171402754","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info12060236","title":"Integrating Land-Cover Products Based on Ontologies and Local Accuracy","display_name":"Integrating Land-Cover Products Based on Ontologies and Local Accuracy","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-05-31","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3171402754","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info12060236","mag":"3171402754"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/info12060236","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info12060236","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/12/6/236/pdf?version=1622460645","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219776","display_name":"Information","issn_l":"2078-2489","issn":["2078-2489"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/12/6/236/pdf?version=1622460645","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055992257","display_name":"Ling Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7783-4175"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I62853816","display_name":"Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture","ror":"https://ror.org/02yj0p855","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I62853816"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ling Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Geomatics and Urban Spatial Information, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 100044, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7783-4175","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geomatics and Urban Spatial Information, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 100044, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62853816"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051287110","display_name":"Guangshuai Jin","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I62853816","display_name":"Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture","ror":"https://ror.org/02yj0p855","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I62853816"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guangshuai Jin","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Geomatics and Urban Spatial Information, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 100044, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geomatics and Urban Spatial Information, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 100044, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62853816"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022510374","display_name":"Dejun Gao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I62853816","display_name":"Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture","ror":"https://ror.org/02yj0p855","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I62853816"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dejun Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Geomatics and Urban Spatial Information, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 100044, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geomatics and Urban Spatial Information, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 100044, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62853816"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5055992257"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62853816"],"apc_list":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1782},"apc_paid":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1782},"fwci":5.7547,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95648575,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"6","first_page":"236","last_page":"236"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10757","display_name":"Geographic Information Systems Studies","score":0.9915000200271606,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3305","display_name":"Geography, Planning and Development"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10757","display_name":"Geographic Information Systems Studies","score":0.9915000200271606,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3305","display_name":"Geography, Planning and Development"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11106","display_name":"Data Management and Algorithms","score":0.9865999817848206,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13058","display_name":"Soil and Land Suitability Analysis","score":0.9646000266075134,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2308","display_name":"Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/land-cover","display_name":"Land cover","score":0.7267544865608215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6573055982589722},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semantic-integration","display_name":"Semantic integration","score":0.5515425801277161},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ontology","display_name":"Ontology","score":0.5394706130027771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semantic-heterogeneity","display_name":"Semantic heterogeneity","score":0.4945807158946991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/land-use","display_name":"Land use","score":0.40263086557388306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.3911442756652832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ontology-based-data-integration","display_name":"Ontology-based data integration","score":0.32720017433166504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.22824183106422424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.21318787336349487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semantic-web","display_name":"Semantic Web","score":0.14474010467529297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semantic-computing","display_name":"Semantic computing","score":0.12363618612289429}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780648208","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3001793","display_name":"Land cover","level":3,"score":0.7267544865608215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6573055982589722},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110903229","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7449064","display_name":"Semantic integration","level":4,"score":0.5515425801277161},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25810664","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44325","display_name":"Ontology","level":2,"score":0.5394706130027771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778180026","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18378163","display_name":"Semantic heterogeneity","level":4,"score":0.4945807158946991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4792198","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1165944","display_name":"Land use","level":2,"score":0.40263086557388306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.3911442756652832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22550185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7095047","display_name":"Ontology-based data integration","level":3,"score":0.32720017433166504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.22824183106422424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.21318787336349487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2129575","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q54837","display_name":"Semantic Web","level":2,"score":0.14474010467529297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C511149849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7449051","display_name":"Semantic computing","level":3,"score":0.12363618612289429},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147176958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77590","display_name":"Civil engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/info12060236","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info12060236","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/12/6/236/pdf?version=1622460645","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219776","display_name":"Information","issn_l":"2078-2489","issn":["2078-2489"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:6b86f03b22b0451a90c2b94416220207","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/6b86f03b22b0451a90c2b94416220207","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Information, Vol 12, Iss 6, p 236 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2078-2489/12/6/236/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/info12060236","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Information; Volume 12; Issue 6; Pages: 236","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/info12060236","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info12060236","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/12/6/236/pdf?version=1622460645","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219776","display_name":"Information","issn_l":"2078-2489","issn":["2078-2489"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5799999833106995,"display_name":"Life in Land","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1698978604","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2016YFB0501404","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7587670271","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2016YFB0501404","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311778","funder_display_name":"China Association for Science and Technology"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311778","display_name":"China Association for Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/035vmht26"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3171402754.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3171402754.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":55,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W97503084","https://openalex.org/W1254560965","https://openalex.org/W1421751110","https://openalex.org/W1536340909","https://openalex.org/W1754246625","https://openalex.org/W1993087627","https://openalex.org/W2000047929","https://openalex.org/W2001510610","https://openalex.org/W2012172914","https://openalex.org/W2012950829","https://openalex.org/W2020694521","https://openalex.org/W2023622187","https://openalex.org/W2042037135","https://openalex.org/W2042692910","https://openalex.org/W2043259636","https://openalex.org/W2056425951","https://openalex.org/W2060335617","https://openalex.org/W2071396237","https://openalex.org/W2075368648","https://openalex.org/W2075620729","https://openalex.org/W2077570405","https://openalex.org/W2078252173","https://openalex.org/W2114385036","https://openalex.org/W2126548302","https://openalex.org/W2127321683","https://openalex.org/W2127559745","https://openalex.org/W2136480620","https://openalex.org/W2138408852","https://openalex.org/W2166736950","https://openalex.org/W2176635760","https://openalex.org/W2199321793","https://openalex.org/W2350075423","https://openalex.org/W2503535324","https://openalex.org/W2562955593","https://openalex.org/W2570093636","https://openalex.org/W2584952387","https://openalex.org/W2725897987","https://openalex.org/W2763907401","https://openalex.org/W2891721681","https://openalex.org/W2920254659","https://openalex.org/W2923554407","https://openalex.org/W2951798058","https://openalex.org/W3002608077","https://openalex.org/W3080850258","https://openalex.org/W3113517433","https://openalex.org/W3138553800","https://openalex.org/W6603909035","https://openalex.org/W6626152616","https://openalex.org/W6628065871","https://openalex.org/W6637713164","https://openalex.org/W6648496217","https://openalex.org/W6669958077","https://openalex.org/W6687780495","https://openalex.org/W6745302775","https://openalex.org/W7000791230"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4307158935","https://openalex.org/W2375662764","https://openalex.org/W2739100381","https://openalex.org/W1035923954","https://openalex.org/W224932175","https://openalex.org/W1976716227","https://openalex.org/W1908040446","https://openalex.org/W2394307504","https://openalex.org/W2038847691","https://openalex.org/W2144482357"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Freely":[0],"available":[1],"satellite":[2],"imagery":[3],"improves":[4],"the":[5,13,30,43,76,99,108,116,124,128,134,169,180,194,198],"research":[6],"and":[7,41,80,93,106,118,147,156,161,168,188,204,210],"production":[8],"of":[9,22,28,34,120,127,173,197],"land-cover":[10,23,58,104,175],"products":[11,24,36,40,59,105,167],"at":[12],"global":[14],"scale":[15],"or":[16,32],"over":[17],"large":[18],"areas.":[19],"The":[20],"integration":[21,57,109,139],"is":[25,95,131,183],"a":[26,111],"process":[27],"combining":[29],"advantages":[31],"characteristics":[33],"several":[35],"to":[37,97],"generate":[38],"new":[39],"meet":[42],"demand":[44],"for":[45,56,207],"special":[46],"needs.":[47],"This":[48],"study":[49],"presents":[50],"an":[51,178],"ontology-based":[52],"semantic":[53,100,145],"mapping":[54,88],"approach":[55],"using":[60,133],"hybrid":[61],"ontology":[62],"with":[63],"EAGLE":[64],"(EIONET":[65],"Action":[66],"Group":[67],"on":[68,90,110],"Land":[69,153,163],"monitoring":[70],"in":[71],"Europe)":[72],"matrix":[73],"elements":[74],"as":[75,165,177],"shared":[77],"vocabulary,":[78],"linking":[79],"comparing":[81],"concepts":[82],"from":[83],"multiple":[84],"local":[85,125,148],"ontologies.":[86],"Ontology":[87],"based":[89],"term,":[91],"attribute":[92],"instance":[94],"combined":[96],"obtain":[98],"similarity":[101,146],"between":[102],"heterogeneous":[103],"realise":[107],"schema":[112],"level.":[113],"Moreover,":[114],"through":[115],"collection":[117],"interpretation":[119],"ground":[121],"verification":[122],"points,":[123],"accuracy":[126],"source":[129,166],"product":[130,176],"evaluated":[132],"index":[135],"Kriging":[136],"method.":[137],"Two":[138],"models":[140],"are":[141,201],"developed":[142],"that":[143,193],"combine":[144],"accuracy.":[149],"Taking":[150],"NLCD":[151],"(National":[152],"Cover":[154],"Database)":[155],"FROM-GLC-Seg":[157],"(Finer":[158],"Resolution":[159],"Observation":[160],"Monitoring-Global":[162],"Cover-Segmentation)":[164],"second-level":[170],"class":[171,182,200],"refinement":[172],"GlobeLand30":[174],"example,":[179],"forest":[181],"subdivided":[184],"into":[185],"broad-leaf,":[186,208],"coniferous":[187,209],"mixed":[189,211],"forest.":[190,212],"Results":[191],"show":[192],"highest":[195],"accuracies":[196],"second":[199],"82.6%,":[202],"72.0%":[203],"60.0%,":[205],"respectively,":[206]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-07-23T08:03:31.855105","created_date":"2021-06-22T00:00:00"}
