{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3153721375","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info12040164","title":"Pedestrian Arching Mechanism at Bottleneck in Subway Transit Hub","display_name":"Pedestrian Arching Mechanism at Bottleneck in Subway Transit Hub","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-04-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3153721375","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info12040164","mag":"3153721375"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/info12040164","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info12040164","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/12/4/164/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219776","display_name":"Information","issn_l":"2078-2489","issn":["2078-2489"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/12/4/164/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114858937","display_name":"Wei Luo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5953-5382"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I62853816","display_name":"Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture","ror":"https://ror.org/02yj0p855","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I62853816"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Wei Luo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Future Urban Design, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 100081, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Future Urban Design, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 100081, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62853816"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042767503","display_name":"Pengpeng Jiao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2351-4544"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I62853816","display_name":"Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture","ror":"https://ror.org/02yj0p855","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I62853816"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pengpeng Jiao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Future Urban Design, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 100081, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Future Urban Design, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 100081, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62853816"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101682898","display_name":"Yi Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3833-4287"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yi Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Civil Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Civil Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5114858937"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62853816"],"apc_list":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"apc_paid":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"fwci":1.388,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.79195549,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"4","first_page":"164","last_page":"164"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11500","display_name":"Evacuation and Crowd Dynamics","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11500","display_name":"Evacuation and Crowd Dynamics","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10370","display_name":"Traffic and Road Safety","score":0.9836999773979187,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2213","display_name":"Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10698","display_name":"Transportation Planning and Optimization","score":0.968999981880188,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bottleneck","display_name":"Bottleneck","score":0.9756083488464355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pedestrian","display_name":"Pedestrian","score":0.8647753000259399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-force-model","display_name":"Social force model","score":0.6649127006530762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanism","display_name":"Mechanism (biology)","score":0.6413791179656982},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.5177809000015259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flow","display_name":"Flow (mathematics)","score":0.4815550148487091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4798314571380615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/traffic-bottleneck","display_name":"Traffic bottleneck","score":0.4352806806564331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.399537056684494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simulation","display_name":"Simulation","score":0.394815593957901},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transport-engineering","display_name":"Transport engineering","score":0.3926076591014862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanics","display_name":"Mechanics","score":0.09676805138587952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.09148803353309631},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/traffic-congestion","display_name":"Traffic congestion","score":0.06545108556747437}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780513914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18210350","display_name":"Bottleneck","level":2,"score":0.9756083488464355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777113093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q221488","display_name":"Pedestrian","level":2,"score":0.8647753000259399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779293179","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q465266","display_name":"Social force model","level":3,"score":0.6649127006530762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89611455","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6804646","display_name":"Mechanism (biology)","level":2,"score":0.6413791179656982},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5177809000015259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38349280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1434290","display_name":"Flow (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4815550148487091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4798314571380615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81631751","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3111645","display_name":"Traffic bottleneck","level":5,"score":0.4352806806564331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.399537056684494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.394815593957901},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22212356","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q775325","display_name":"Transport engineering","level":1,"score":0.3926076591014862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57879066","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41217","display_name":"Mechanics","level":1,"score":0.09676805138587952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.09148803353309631},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779888511","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q244156","display_name":"Traffic congestion","level":2,"score":0.06545108556747437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86266404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7832512","display_name":"Traffic optimization","level":4,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64093975","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q356677","display_name":"Floating car data","level":3,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/info12040164","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info12040164","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/12/4/164/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219776","display_name":"Information","issn_l":"2078-2489","issn":["2078-2489"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:d86330f226e5494e985492d3b37cc57e","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/d86330f226e5494e985492d3b37cc57e","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Information, Vol 12, Iss 4, p 164 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2078-2489/12/4/164/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/info12040164","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Information; Volume 12; Issue 4; Pages: 164","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/info12040164","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info12040164","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/12/4/164/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219776","display_name":"Information","issn_l":"2078-2489","issn":["2078-2489"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","score":0.7699999809265137,"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2578756371","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"51578040","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3088709374","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2020-zz-089","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323068","funder_display_name":"Beijing Postdoctoral Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323068","display_name":"Beijing Postdoctoral Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/0426zh255"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3153721375.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3153721375.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W192397481","https://openalex.org/W1795298394","https://openalex.org/W1888172398","https://openalex.org/W1964117786","https://openalex.org/W1990413883","https://openalex.org/W1998359676","https://openalex.org/W2007954210","https://openalex.org/W2038587098","https://openalex.org/W2039021771","https://openalex.org/W2047908296","https://openalex.org/W2131301700","https://openalex.org/W2167052694","https://openalex.org/W2172055967","https://openalex.org/W2284650534","https://openalex.org/W2547948715","https://openalex.org/W2588418192","https://openalex.org/W2594701277","https://openalex.org/W2899815944","https://openalex.org/W2969126639","https://openalex.org/W2988699520","https://openalex.org/W2997563502","https://openalex.org/W3016199153","https://openalex.org/W3091920055","https://openalex.org/W3108517517","https://openalex.org/W3127369203","https://openalex.org/W6685372520","https://openalex.org/W6733752965","https://openalex.org/W6756386763","https://openalex.org/W6784182296"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2520479662","https://openalex.org/W3141058977","https://openalex.org/W2011795602","https://openalex.org/W4385986026","https://openalex.org/W2004862171","https://openalex.org/W3147306508","https://openalex.org/W3199606900","https://openalex.org/W4388037223","https://openalex.org/W591177459","https://openalex.org/W2044207272"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Under":[0],"the":[1,50,72,84,113,129,149,159],"massive":[2],"pedestrian":[3,22,75,160,166],"flow,":[4],"pedestrians":[5],"arching":[6,23,76,95,104,106,109],"phenomenon":[7,77,96],"forms":[8],"easily":[9],"at":[10,25,66,78,156,162],"bottleneck":[11,26,79,116,132,163],"in":[12,27,43,168],"subway":[13,28,44,169],"hubs,":[14],"which":[15,54],"might":[16],"stampede":[17],"and":[18,108,118,164],"crush.":[19],"To":[20],"explore":[21],"mechanism":[24,73],"transit":[29,45,170],"hub,":[30],"this":[31],"paper":[32],"conducts":[33],"a":[34,125],"series":[35],"of":[36,74,86,131,153],"simulation":[37],"experiment.":[38],"Firstly,":[39],"movement":[40],"preference":[41],"characteristic":[42],"hubs":[46],"was":[47,80],"introduced":[48],"into":[49,100],"social":[51],"force":[52],"model":[53],"considers":[55],"multiple":[56],"force.":[57],"Then,":[58],"after":[59],"setting":[60],"basic":[61],"experiment":[62],"scenario,":[63],"unidirectional":[64,154],"flow":[65,155],"different":[67,130],"bottlenecks":[68],"were":[69],"simulated.":[70],"Finally,":[71],"quantitative":[81],"analyzed":[82],"with":[83],"help":[85],"experimental":[87],"data.":[88],"Some":[89],"main":[90],"conclusions":[91],"are":[92],"summarized.":[93],"Pedestrian":[94],"could":[97,121,143],"be":[98,122],"divided":[99],"four":[101],"stages:":[102],"Free,":[103],"formation,":[105],"stabilization":[107],"dissipation.":[110],"In":[111],"addition,":[112],"relationship":[114],"between":[115],"scenario":[117],"passing":[119,135],"time":[120,136],"built":[123],"to":[124],"function":[126],"model.":[127],"With":[128],"width":[133],"ratio,":[134],"presents":[137],"positive":[138],"correlation.":[139],"The":[140],"research":[141],"results":[142],"give":[144],"some":[145],"helps":[146],"for":[147],"understanding":[148],"dynamic":[150],"evolution":[151],"process":[152],"bottleneck,":[157],"improving":[158],"efficiency":[161],"optimizing":[165],"facilities":[167],"hub.":[171]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-15T08:11:43.952461","created_date":"2021-04-26T00:00:00"}
