{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3153360637","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info12040163","title":"Effects of COVID-19 Pandemic on University Students\u2019 Learning","display_name":"Effects of COVID-19 Pandemic on University Students\u2019 Learning","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-04-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3153360637","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info12040163","mag":"3153360637"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/info12040163","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info12040163","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/12/4/163/pdf?version=1618132772","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219776","display_name":"Information","issn_l":"2078-2489","issn":["2078-2489"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/12/4/163/pdf?version=1618132772","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050199179","display_name":"Galina Ilieva","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7504-8576"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I192878625","display_name":"Plovdiv University","ror":"https://ror.org/0545p3742","country_code":"BG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I192878625"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210163063","display_name":"Institute of Information and Communication Technologies","ror":"https://ror.org/05fpsjc82","country_code":"BG","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24768866","https://openalex.org/I4210163063"]}],"countries":["BG"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Galina Ilieva","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Management and Quantitative Methods in Economics, University of Plovdiv Paisii Hilendarski, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria","Intelligent Systems Department, Institute of Information and Communication Technologies, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7504-8576","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Management and Quantitative Methods in Economics, University of Plovdiv Paisii Hilendarski, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I192878625"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Intelligent Systems Department, Institute of Information and Communication Technologies, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210163063"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054211196","display_name":"Tania Yankova","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5877-3098"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I192878625","display_name":"Plovdiv University","ror":"https://ror.org/0545p3742","country_code":"BG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I192878625"]}],"countries":["BG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tania Yankova","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Management and Quantitative Methods in Economics, University of Plovdiv Paisii Hilendarski, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5877-3098","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Management and Quantitative Methods in Economics, University of Plovdiv Paisii Hilendarski, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I192878625"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073449502","display_name":"Stanislava Klisarova-Belcheva","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1703-412X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I192878625","display_name":"Plovdiv University","ror":"https://ror.org/0545p3742","country_code":"BG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I192878625"]}],"countries":["BG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stanislava Klisarova-Belcheva","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Management and Quantitative Methods in Economics, University of Plovdiv Paisii Hilendarski, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1703-412X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Management and Quantitative Methods in Economics, University of Plovdiv Paisii Hilendarski, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I192878625"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065002872","display_name":"Svetlana S. Ivanova","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6824-2530"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I192878625","display_name":"Plovdiv University","ror":"https://ror.org/0545p3742","country_code":"BG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I192878625"]}],"countries":["BG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Svetlana Ivanova","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Management and Quantitative Methods in Economics, University of Plovdiv Paisii Hilendarski, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Management and Quantitative Methods in Economics, University of Plovdiv Paisii Hilendarski, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I192878625"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5050199179"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I192878625","https://openalex.org/I4210163063"],"apc_list":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1782},"apc_paid":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1782},"fwci":7.3771,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":35,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97128856,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"4","first_page":"163","last_page":"163"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11122","display_name":"Online Learning and Analytics","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11122","display_name":"Online Learning and Analytics","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11775","display_name":"COVID-19 diagnosis using AI","score":0.9621999859809875,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12395","display_name":"Educational Innovations and Technology","score":0.9463000297546387,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pandemic","display_name":"Pandemic","score":0.7954386472702026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coronavirus-disease-2019","display_name":"Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)","score":0.7877185344696045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distance-education","display_name":"Distance education","score":0.678936779499054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/higher-education","display_name":"Higher education","score":0.5725085139274597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quality","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","score":0.5259126424789429},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics-education","display_name":"Mathematics education","score":0.49209970235824585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/2019-20-coronavirus-outbreak","display_name":"2019-20 coronavirus outbreak","score":0.4898521602153778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.45104336738586426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.4332968592643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medical-education","display_name":"Medical education","score":0.4311116635799408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/severe-acute-respiratory-syndrome-coronavirus-2","display_name":"Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)","score":0.417388379573822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.18243291974067688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.1731034219264984}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89623803","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12184","display_name":"Pandemic","level":5,"score":0.7954386472702026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3008058167","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q84263196","display_name":"Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)","level":4,"score":0.7877185344696045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C503872463","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159595","display_name":"Distance education","level":2,"score":0.678936779499054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120912362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q136822","display_name":"Higher education","level":2,"score":0.5725085139274597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779530757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207505","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.5259126424789429},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.49209970235824585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3006700255","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81068910","display_name":"2019-20 coronavirus outbreak","level":3,"score":0.4898521602153778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.45104336738586426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.4332968592643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C509550671","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126945","display_name":"Medical education","level":1,"score":0.4311116635799408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3007834351","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82069695","display_name":"Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)","level":5,"score":0.417388379573822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.18243291974067688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.1731034219264984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116675565","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3241045","display_name":"Outbreak","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C524204448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q788926","display_name":"Infectious disease (medical specialty)","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159047783","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7215","display_name":"Virology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/info12040163","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info12040163","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/12/4/163/pdf?version=1618132772","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219776","display_name":"Information","issn_l":"2078-2489","issn":["2078-2489"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:af7114738ee54eafb0a9e6b30e772eb4","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/af7114738ee54eafb0a9e6b30e772eb4","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Information, Vol 12, Iss 4, p 163 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2078-2489/12/4/163/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/info12040163","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Information; Volume 12; Issue 4; Pages: 163","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/info12040163","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info12040163","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/12/4/163/pdf?version=1618132772","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219776","display_name":"Information","issn_l":"2078-2489","issn":["2078-2489"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.5299999713897705,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3153360637.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3153360637.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":46,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1525647652","https://openalex.org/W2068714596","https://openalex.org/W2167493478","https://openalex.org/W2170936641","https://openalex.org/W2174057495","https://openalex.org/W2477415620","https://openalex.org/W2564999882","https://openalex.org/W2617300785","https://openalex.org/W2798236593","https://openalex.org/W2902180860","https://openalex.org/W2908142051","https://openalex.org/W2911048623","https://openalex.org/W2962970583","https://openalex.org/W2967714697","https://openalex.org/W2981630869","https://openalex.org/W2991396638","https://openalex.org/W3006355608","https://openalex.org/W3012289806","https://openalex.org/W3012834470","https://openalex.org/W3018063079","https://openalex.org/W3018927471","https://openalex.org/W3021902282","https://openalex.org/W3022767343","https://openalex.org/W3033732984","https://openalex.org/W3036966439","https://openalex.org/W3043391392","https://openalex.org/W3046111961","https://openalex.org/W3048619630","https://openalex.org/W3049474106","https://openalex.org/W3082899649","https://openalex.org/W3082950259","https://openalex.org/W3087885582","https://openalex.org/W3088791467","https://openalex.org/W3091926902","https://openalex.org/W3093604342","https://openalex.org/W3113033734","https://openalex.org/W3128598705","https://openalex.org/W4402484229","https://openalex.org/W6757869594","https://openalex.org/W6769756231","https://openalex.org/W6773794250","https://openalex.org/W6777058330","https://openalex.org/W6779325952","https://openalex.org/W6782618573","https://openalex.org/W6783592672","https://openalex.org/W6872195849"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4200329650","https://openalex.org/W3127156785","https://openalex.org/W3009669391","https://openalex.org/W4206669628","https://openalex.org/W4205317059","https://openalex.org/W3005417802","https://openalex.org/W3084498529","https://openalex.org/W4226296940","https://openalex.org/W3036314732","https://openalex.org/W3134376730"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,39,85,115],"risk":[1],"of":[2,14,20,26,44,46,59,108,113,118,131,184,187,190],"COVID-19":[3,47,109],"in":[4,54,133,155],"higher":[5,51,168],"education":[6,52,169],"has":[7,88],"affected":[8],"all":[9],"its":[10],"degrees":[11],"and":[12,57,68,77,82,128,148,163,178],"forms":[13],"training.":[15],"To":[16],"assess":[17],"the":[18,21,24,42,50,60,105,111,126,129,139,143,145,149,156,167,174,185],"impact":[19],"pandemic":[22],"on":[23,49],"learning":[25,137,154,189],"university":[27,98,191],"students,":[28],"a":[29,93,97],"new":[30,86],"reference":[31],"framework":[32,40,87],"for":[33,165,182],"educational":[34],"data":[35,79,172],"processing":[36],"was":[37,102],"proposed.":[38],"unifies":[41],"steps":[43],"analysis":[45],"effects":[48],"institutions":[53],"different":[55],"countries":[56],"periods":[58],"pandemic.":[61],"It":[62],"comprises":[63],"both":[64],"classical":[65],"statistical":[66],"methods":[67],"modern":[69],"intelligent":[70],"methods:":[71],"machine":[72],"learning,":[73],"multi-criteria":[74],"decision":[75],"making":[76],"big":[78],"with":[80],"symmetric":[81],"asymmetric":[83],"information.":[84],"been":[89],"tested":[90],"to":[91,135],"analyse":[92],"dataset":[94],"collected":[95],"from":[96,152],"students\u2019":[99],"survey,":[100],"which":[101],"conducted":[103],"during":[104,138],"second":[106],"wave":[107],"at":[110],"end":[112],"2020.":[114],"main":[116],"tasks":[117],"this":[119],"research":[120],"are":[121,176,180],"as":[122],"follows:":[123],"(1)":[124],"evaluate":[125],"attitude":[127],"readiness":[130],"students":[132],"regard":[134],"distance":[136,153,188],"lockdown;":[140],"(2)":[141],"clarify":[142],"difficulties,":[144],"possible":[146],"changes":[147],"future":[150],"expectations":[151],"next":[157],"few":[158],"months;":[159],"(3)":[160],"propose":[161],"recommendations":[162,179],"measures":[164],"improving":[166],"environment.":[170],"After":[171],"analysis,":[173],"conclusions":[175],"drawn":[177],"made":[181],"enhancement":[183],"quality":[186],"students.":[192]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-07-30T17:31:21.811387","created_date":"2021-04-26T00:00:00"}