{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3144078676","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info12040146","title":"Low-Cost Automatic Weather Stations in the Internet of Things","display_name":"Low-Cost Automatic Weather Stations in the Internet of Things","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-03-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3144078676","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info12040146","mag":"3144078676"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/info12040146","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info12040146","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/12/4/146/pdf?version=1617937823","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219776","display_name":"Information","issn_l":"2078-2489","issn":["2078-2489"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/12/4/146/pdf?version=1617937823","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072174936","display_name":"\u039a\u03c9\u03bd\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 \u0399\u03c9\u03ac\u03bd\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0749-099X"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Konstantinos Ioannou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hellenic Agricultural Organization \u201cDEMETER\u201d, Forest Research Institute, Vasilika, 57006 Thessaloniki, Greece","Hellenic Agricultural Organization \"DEMETER\", Forest Research Institute, Vasilika, 57006 Thessaloniki, Greece"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0749-099X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hellenic Agricultural Organization \u201cDEMETER\u201d, Forest Research Institute, Vasilika, 57006 Thessaloniki, Greece","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hellenic Agricultural Organization \"DEMETER\", Forest Research Institute, Vasilika, 57006 Thessaloniki, Greece","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052277899","display_name":"Dimitris Karampatzakis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0203-0476"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183898223","display_name":"International Hellenic University","ror":"https://ror.org/00708jp83","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183898223"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dimitris Karampatzakis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Industrial and Educational Embedded Systems Lab, Department of Computer Science, International Hellenic University, 65403 Kavala, Greece"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0203-0476","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Industrial and Educational Embedded Systems Lab, Department of Computer Science, International Hellenic University, 65403 Kavala, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183898223"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090862898","display_name":"Petros Amanatidis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8481-6087"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183898223","display_name":"International Hellenic University","ror":"https://ror.org/00708jp83","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183898223"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Petros Amanatidis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Industrial and Educational Embedded Systems Lab, Department of Computer Science, International Hellenic University, 65403 Kavala, Greece"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Industrial and Educational Embedded Systems Lab, Department of Computer Science, International Hellenic University, 65403 Kavala, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183898223"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039782406","display_name":"Vasileios Aggelopoulos","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183898223","display_name":"International Hellenic University","ror":"https://ror.org/00708jp83","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183898223"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vasileios Aggelopoulos","raw_affiliation_strings":["Industrial and Educational Embedded Systems Lab, Department of Computer Science, International Hellenic University, 65403 Kavala, Greece"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Industrial and Educational Embedded Systems Lab, Department of Computer Science, International Hellenic University, 65403 Kavala, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183898223"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056206144","display_name":"Ilias Karmiris","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9754-8029"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ilias Karmiris","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hellenic Agricultural Organization \u201cDEMETER\u201d, Forest Research Institute, Vasilika, 57006 Thessaloniki, Greece","Hellenic Agricultural Organization \"DEMETER\", Forest Research Institute, Vasilika, 57006 Thessaloniki, Greece"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hellenic Agricultural Organization \u201cDEMETER\u201d, Forest Research Institute, Vasilika, 57006 Thessaloniki, Greece","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hellenic Agricultural Organization \"DEMETER\", Forest Research Institute, Vasilika, 57006 Thessaloniki, Greece","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5072174936"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"apc_paid":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"fwci":8.4928,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":87,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97914882,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"4","first_page":"146","last_page":"146"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.9955000281333923,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.9955000281333923,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12697","display_name":"Water Quality Monitoring Technologies","score":0.9908999800682068,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2312","display_name":"Water Science and Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12120","display_name":"Air Quality Monitoring and Forecasting","score":0.9896000027656555,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/testbed","display_name":"Testbed","score":0.904731035232544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lpwan","display_name":"LPWAN","score":0.8441678285598755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.69783616065979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.5925121307373047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/enhanced-data-rates-for-gsm-evolution","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","score":0.499891996383667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automatic-weather-station","display_name":"Automatic weather station","score":0.4874131977558136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-of-things","display_name":"Internet of Things","score":0.46697449684143066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/edge-computing","display_name":"Edge computing","score":0.44654160737991333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.43229836225509644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/emerging-technologies","display_name":"Emerging technologies","score":0.41391366720199585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.3369399309158325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.2912416458129883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.2792484760284424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.24377956986427307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meteorology","display_name":"Meteorology","score":0.18798470497131348}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31395832","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1318674","display_name":"Testbed","level":2,"score":0.904731035232544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776445043","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20706829","display_name":"LPWAN","level":3,"score":0.8441678285598755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.69783616065979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.5925121307373047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162307627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204833","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","level":2,"score":0.499891996383667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779395273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846837","display_name":"Automatic weather station","level":2,"score":0.4874131977558136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81860439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q251212","display_name":"Internet of Things","level":2,"score":0.46697449684143066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778456923","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5337692","display_name":"Edge computing","level":3,"score":0.44654160737991333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.43229836225509644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207267971","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q120208","display_name":"Emerging technologies","level":2,"score":0.41391366720199585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.3369399309158325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.2912416458129883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.2792484760284424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.24377956986427307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.18798470497131348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/info12040146","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info12040146","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/12/4/146/pdf?version=1617937823","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219776","display_name":"Information","issn_l":"2078-2489","issn":["2078-2489"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:8eef631e22f7457fbdeb3a72bac42c74","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/8eef631e22f7457fbdeb3a72bac42c74","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Information, Vol 12, Iss 4, p 146 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2078-2489/12/4/146/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/info12040146","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Information; Volume 12; Issue 4; Pages: 146","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/info12040146","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info12040146","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/12/4/146/pdf?version=1617937823","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219776","display_name":"Information","issn_l":"2078-2489","issn":["2078-2489"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7057276711","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2708/12-11/2015","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322565","funder_display_name":"Stavros Niarchos Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322565","display_name":"Stavros Niarchos Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/0210rze73"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3144078676.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2015177282","https://openalex.org/W2070210816","https://openalex.org/W2073746209","https://openalex.org/W2074005828","https://openalex.org/W2131624837","https://openalex.org/W2188133033","https://openalex.org/W2196101047","https://openalex.org/W2416799949","https://openalex.org/W2592114834","https://openalex.org/W2597831797","https://openalex.org/W2757584704","https://openalex.org/W2764057481","https://openalex.org/W2786070938","https://openalex.org/W2795262473","https://openalex.org/W2889228961","https://openalex.org/W2900477065","https://openalex.org/W2901725687","https://openalex.org/W2902448600","https://openalex.org/W2906181274","https://openalex.org/W2919043641","https://openalex.org/W2919814199","https://openalex.org/W2921708458","https://openalex.org/W2942377185","https://openalex.org/W2948960866","https://openalex.org/W2960833983","https://openalex.org/W2961306323","https://openalex.org/W2968334729","https://openalex.org/W2979467051","https://openalex.org/W2982152681","https://openalex.org/W2982388749","https://openalex.org/W2999686422","https://openalex.org/W3042132391","https://openalex.org/W3083789630","https://openalex.org/W3122928643","https://openalex.org/W6687151869"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2888892063","https://openalex.org/W2740439328","https://openalex.org/W3088070213","https://openalex.org/W2901309327","https://openalex.org/W3125356464","https://openalex.org/W2923934659","https://openalex.org/W3042132391","https://openalex.org/W2554268088","https://openalex.org/W2999638909","https://openalex.org/W3205250517"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Automatic":[0,86],"Weather":[1,87],"Stations":[2],"(AWS)":[3],"are":[4],"extensively":[5],"used":[6,81],"for":[7,22,46,82],"gathering":[8],"meteorological":[9],"and":[10,26,64,125,150],"climatic":[11],"data.":[12],"The":[13,138],"World":[14],"Meteorological":[15],"Organization":[16],"(WMO)":[17],"provides":[18],"publications":[19],"with":[20,57],"guidelines":[21],"the":[23,33,37,47,58,78,83,93,101,112,148],"implementation,":[24],"installation,":[25],"usages":[27],"of":[28,36,39,49,85,95,103,114],"these":[29],"stations.":[30],"Nowadays,":[31],"in":[32,111],"new":[34,96],"era":[35],"Internet":[38,102],"Things,":[40,104],"there":[41],"is":[42,75],"an":[43,72],"ever-increasing":[44],"necessity":[45],"implementation":[48,84,113],"automatic":[50],"observing":[51],"systems":[52],"that":[53],"will":[54],"provide":[55],"scientists":[56],"real-time":[59],"data":[60],"needed":[61],"to":[62],"design":[63],"apply":[65],"proper":[66],"environmental":[67],"policy.":[68],"In":[69],"this":[70],"paper,":[71],"extended":[73],"review":[74],"performed":[76],"regarding":[77],"technologies":[79,98],"currently":[80],"Stations.":[88],"Furthermore,":[89],"we":[90,120],"also":[91],"present":[92,121],"usage":[94],"emerging":[97],"such":[99],"as":[100],"Edge":[105],"Computing,":[106],"Deep":[107,154],"Learning,":[108],"LPWAN,":[109],"etc.":[110],"future":[115],"AWS-based":[116],"observation":[117],"systems.":[118],"Finally,":[119],"a":[122,128],"case":[123],"study":[124],"results":[126,139],"from":[127,143],"testbed":[129],"AWS":[130],"(project":[131],"AgroComp)":[132],"developed":[133],"by":[134,153],"our":[135],"research":[136],"team.":[137],"include":[140],"test":[141],"measurements":[142],"low-cost":[144],"sensors":[145],"installed":[146],"on":[147],"unit":[149],"predictions":[151],"provided":[152],"Learning":[155],"algorithms":[156],"running":[157],"locally.":[158]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-05-29T09:21:14.243279","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}