{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3136998268","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info12030126","title":"The Decline of User Experience in Transition from Automated Driving to Manual Driving","display_name":"The Decline of User Experience in Transition from Automated Driving to Manual Driving","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-03-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3136998268","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info12030126","mag":"3136998268"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/info12030126","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info12030126","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/12/3/126/pdf?version=1615888361","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219776","display_name":"Information","issn_l":"2078-2489","issn":["2078-2489"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/12/3/126/pdf?version=1615888361","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019289537","display_name":"Mikael Johansson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7723-2801"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66862912","display_name":"Chalmers University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/040wg7k59","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66862912"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mikael Johansson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division Design &amp; Human Factors, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7723-2801","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division Design &amp; Human Factors, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66862912"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010509743","display_name":"Mattias Mullaart S\u00f6derholm","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1340210623","display_name":"Volvo (Sweden)","ror":"https://ror.org/05b6ypc36","country_code":"SE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1340210623"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387153628","display_name":"Volvo Cars (Sweden)","ror":"https://ror.org/005n5zv88","country_code":null,"type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210153393","https://openalex.org/I4387153628"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mattias Mullaart S\u00f6derholm","raw_affiliation_strings":["Volvo Car Corporation, SE-405 31 Gothenburg, Sweden"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Volvo Car Corporation, SE-405 31 Gothenburg, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1340210623","https://openalex.org/I4387153628"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025752740","display_name":"Fjoll\u00eb Novakazi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6381-2346"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1340210623","display_name":"Volvo (Sweden)","ror":"https://ror.org/05b6ypc36","country_code":"SE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1340210623"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387153628","display_name":"Volvo Cars (Sweden)","ror":"https://ror.org/005n5zv88","country_code":null,"type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210153393","https://openalex.org/I4387153628"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66862912","display_name":"Chalmers University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/040wg7k59","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66862912"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fjoll\u00eb Novakazi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division Design &amp; Human Factors, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden","Volvo Car Corporation, SE-405 31 Gothenburg, Sweden"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division Design &amp; Human Factors, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66862912"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Volvo Car Corporation, SE-405 31 Gothenburg, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1340210623","https://openalex.org/I4387153628"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059829571","display_name":"Annie Rydstr\u00f6m","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8444-7130"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1340210623","display_name":"Volvo (Sweden)","ror":"https://ror.org/05b6ypc36","country_code":"SE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1340210623"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387153628","display_name":"Volvo Cars (Sweden)","ror":"https://ror.org/005n5zv88","country_code":null,"type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210153393","https://openalex.org/I4387153628"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I746986","display_name":"Halmstad University","ror":"https://ror.org/03h0qfp10","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I746986"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Annie Rydstr\u00f6m","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Informatics, Halmstad University, SE-301 18 Halmstad, Sweden","Volvo Car Corporation, SE-405 31 Gothenburg, Sweden"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8444-7130","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Informatics, Halmstad University, SE-301 18 Halmstad, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I746986"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Volvo Car Corporation, SE-405 31 Gothenburg, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1340210623","https://openalex.org/I4387153628"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5019289537"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66862912"],"apc_list":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"apc_paid":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"fwci":1.524,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.82155146,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"3","first_page":"126","last_page":"126"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10525","display_name":"Human-Automation Interaction and Safety","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10525","display_name":"Human-Automation Interaction and Safety","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10370","display_name":"Traffic and Road Safety","score":0.9955999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2213","display_name":"Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11942","display_name":"Transportation and Mobility Innovations","score":0.992900013923645,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transition","display_name":"Transition (genetics)","score":0.5995657444000244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/user-experience-design","display_name":"User experience design","score":0.5649652481079102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.5474172830581665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.5451833009719849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/affect","display_name":"Affect (linguistics)","score":0.5190868377685547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.47726935148239136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.46889418363571167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.4582916498184204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/driving-simulator","display_name":"Driving simulator","score":0.44070902466773987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/temporality","display_name":"Temporality","score":0.4136015772819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/applied-psychology","display_name":"Applied psychology","score":0.3933076560497284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simulation","display_name":"Simulation","score":0.31519395112991333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.2793724536895752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.2606648802757263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.1674049198627472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/systems-engineering","display_name":"Systems engineering","score":0.09688395261764526}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194232998","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1606712","display_name":"Transition (genetics)","level":3,"score":0.5995657444000244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201025465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11248500","display_name":"User experience design","level":2,"score":0.5649652481079102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.5474172830581665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5451833009719849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776035688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1606558","display_name":"Affect (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.5190868377685547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.47726935148239136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.46889418363571167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.4582916498184204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780689630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2081815","display_name":"Driving simulator","level":2,"score":0.44070902466773987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141679102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3517747","display_name":"Temporality","level":2,"score":0.4136015772819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75630572","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q538904","display_name":"Applied psychology","level":1,"score":0.3933076560497284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.31519395112991333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.2793724536895752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2606648802757263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.1674049198627472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.09688395261764526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46312422","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11024","display_name":"Communication","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/info12030126","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info12030126","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/12/3/126/pdf?version=1615888361","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219776","display_name":"Information","issn_l":"2078-2489","issn":["2078-2489"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:7d0c4b56ec254b23962a603625a6f280","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/7d0c4b56ec254b23962a603625a6f280","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Information, Vol 12, Iss 3, p 126 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2078-2489/12/3/126/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/info12030126","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Information; Volume 12; Issue 3; Pages: 126","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:research.chalmers.se:523323","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://research.chalmers.se/en/publication/523323","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402469","display_name":"Chalmers Research (Chalmers University of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I66862912","host_organization_name":"Chalmers University of Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66862912"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":""}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/info12030126","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info12030126","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/12/3/126/pdf?version=1615888361","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219776","display_name":"Information","issn_l":"2078-2489","issn":["2078-2489"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4380697584","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2017-01946","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321030","funder_display_name":"VINNOVA"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321030","display_name":"VINNOVA","ror":"https://ror.org/01kd5m353"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3136998268.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3136998268.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":42,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1603745947","https://openalex.org/W1787442784","https://openalex.org/W1921075843","https://openalex.org/W1987971958","https://openalex.org/W2015956967","https://openalex.org/W2019070935","https://openalex.org/W2022107552","https://openalex.org/W2047234048","https://openalex.org/W2074331253","https://openalex.org/W2166591893","https://openalex.org/W2301212998","https://openalex.org/W2579937995","https://openalex.org/W2581056135","https://openalex.org/W2755429657","https://openalex.org/W2760098561","https://openalex.org/W2766291182","https://openalex.org/W2777312033","https://openalex.org/W2790452850","https://openalex.org/W2798651530","https://openalex.org/W2884868431","https://openalex.org/W2889678987","https://openalex.org/W2897237460","https://openalex.org/W2913505839","https://openalex.org/W2919609362","https://openalex.org/W2920644116","https://openalex.org/W2937273808","https://openalex.org/W2942934139","https://openalex.org/W2947652593","https://openalex.org/W2951152347","https://openalex.org/W2962587770","https://openalex.org/W2965340229","https://openalex.org/W2967564727","https://openalex.org/W2973407945","https://openalex.org/W3008876468","https://openalex.org/W3011400958","https://openalex.org/W3023205928","https://openalex.org/W3040584935","https://openalex.org/W3113329020","https://openalex.org/W3118911122","https://openalex.org/W6655937572","https://openalex.org/W6662263298","https://openalex.org/W6775047284"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1848835803","https://openalex.org/W2765925719","https://openalex.org/W2365208004","https://openalex.org/W1991158085","https://openalex.org/W2767850486","https://openalex.org/W4247418548","https://openalex.org/W4229070146","https://openalex.org/W2064073692","https://openalex.org/W2110017778","https://openalex.org/W3208320472"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Automated":[0],"driving":[1,18,28,39,42,63,78,121,124],"technologies":[2],"are":[3,10,142,161],"rapidly":[4],"being":[5],"developed.":[6],"However,":[7],"until":[8],"vehicles":[9],"fully":[11],"automated,":[12],"the":[13,16,24,55,69,89,106,114,117,148,171],"control":[14],"of":[15,105,113],"dynamic":[17],"task":[19],"will":[20],"be":[21,132],"shifted":[22],"between":[23,155],"driver":[25],"and":[26,46,86,141,158],"automated":[27,38,62,77,120,194],"system.":[29],"This":[30],"paper":[31],"aims":[32],"to":[33,40,51,122,131,195],"explore":[34],"how":[35,47],"transitions":[36],"from":[37,119,144,193],"manual":[41,123,196],"affect":[43],"user":[44,128,188],"experience":[45,49,104,129,157,189],"that":[48,111,137,177],"correlates":[50],"take-over":[52,159,183,191],"performance.":[53],"In":[54],"study":[56,169],"20":[57],"participants":[58,90,98,115],"experienced":[59,116],"using":[60],"an":[61],"system":[64,79],"during":[65,147,190],"rush-hour":[66],"traffic":[67,84],"in":[68,82,93,139],"San":[70],"Francisco":[71],"Bay":[72],"Area,":[73],"CA,":[74],"USA.":[75],"The":[76,97,108,151,168],"was":[80],"available":[81],"congested":[83],"situations":[85],"when":[87],"active,":[88],"could":[91],"engage":[92],"non-driving":[94],"related":[95],"activities.":[96],"were":[99,166],"interviewed":[100],"afterwards":[101],"regarding":[102,153],"their":[103],"transitions.":[107],"findings":[109],"show":[110],"most":[112],"transition":[118,149],"as":[125],"negative.":[126],"Their":[127],"seems":[130],"shaped":[133],"by":[134],"several":[135],"reasons":[136],"differ":[138],"temporality":[140],"derived":[143],"different":[145],"phases":[146],"process.":[150],"results":[152],"correlation":[154],"participants\u2019":[156],"performance":[160],"inconclusive,":[162],"but":[163,185],"some":[164],"trends":[165],"identified.":[167],"highlights":[170],"need":[172],"for":[173],"new":[174],"design":[175],"solutions":[176],"do":[178],"not":[179],"only":[180],"improve":[181],"drivers\u2019":[182],"performance,":[184],"also":[186],"enhance":[187],"requests":[192],"driving.":[197]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2021-03-29T00:00:00"}
