{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3092771475","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info11100484","title":"Benchmarking Natural Language Inference and Semantic Textual Similarity for Portuguese","display_name":"Benchmarking Natural Language Inference and Semantic Textual Similarity for Portuguese","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-10-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3092771475","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info11100484","mag":"3092771475"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/info11100484","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info11100484","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/11/10/484/pdf?version=1603284694","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219776","display_name":"Information","issn_l":"2078-2489","issn":["2078-2489"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/11/10/484/pdf?version=1603284694","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071639264","display_name":"Pedro Fialho","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5507-5355"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I121345201","display_name":"Instituto de Engenharia de Sistemas e Computadores Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o e Desenvolvimento","ror":"https://ror.org/04mqy3p58","country_code":"PT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121345201","https://openalex.org/I4210125590"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21803372","display_name":"University of \u00c9vora","ror":"https://ror.org/02gyps716","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21803372"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Pedro Fialho","raw_affiliation_strings":["Departamento de Inform\u00e1tica, Universidade de \u00c9vora, Rua Rom\u00e3o Ramalho, 59 7000-671 \u00c9vora, Portugal","INESC-ID, Rua Alves Redol 9, 1000-029 Lisboa, Portugal"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5507-5355","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Departamento de Inform\u00e1tica, Universidade de \u00c9vora, Rua Rom\u00e3o Ramalho, 59 7000-671 \u00c9vora, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21803372"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"INESC-ID, Rua Alves Redol 9, 1000-029 Lisboa, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121345201"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067178556","display_name":"Lu\u00edsa Coheur","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2456-5028"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I121345201","display_name":"Instituto de Engenharia de Sistemas e Computadores Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o e Desenvolvimento","ror":"https://ror.org/04mqy3p58","country_code":"PT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121345201","https://openalex.org/I4210125590"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141596103","display_name":"University of Lisbon","ror":"https://ror.org/01c27hj86","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141596103"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I203847022","display_name":"Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Lisboa","ror":"https://ror.org/04ea70f07","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I203847022"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lu\u00edsa Coheur","raw_affiliation_strings":["INESC-ID, Rua Alves Redol 9, 1000-029 Lisboa, Portugal","Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2456-5028","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"INESC-ID, Rua Alves Redol 9, 1000-029 Lisboa, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121345201"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I203847022","https://openalex.org/I141596103"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028531406","display_name":"Paulo Quaresma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5086-059X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I121345201","display_name":"Instituto de Engenharia de Sistemas e Computadores Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o e Desenvolvimento","ror":"https://ror.org/04mqy3p58","country_code":"PT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121345201","https://openalex.org/I4210125590"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21803372","display_name":"University of \u00c9vora","ror":"https://ror.org/02gyps716","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21803372"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Paulo Quaresma","raw_affiliation_strings":["Departamento de Inform\u00e1tica, Universidade de \u00c9vora, Rua Rom\u00e3o Ramalho, 59 7000-671 \u00c9vora, Portugal","INESC-ID, Rua Alves Redol 9, 1000-029 Lisboa, Portugal"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5086-059X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Departamento de Inform\u00e1tica, Universidade de \u00c9vora, Rua Rom\u00e3o Ramalho, 59 7000-671 \u00c9vora, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21803372"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"INESC-ID, Rua Alves Redol 9, 1000-029 Lisboa, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121345201"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5071639264"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121345201","https://openalex.org/I21803372"],"apc_list":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"apc_paid":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"fwci":0.8161,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.79558543,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":"10","first_page":"484","last_page":"484"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11714","display_name":"Multimodal Machine Learning Applications","score":0.9860000014305115,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.8304134607315063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7902727723121643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.712386965751648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/portuguese","display_name":"Portuguese","score":0.6735761165618896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semantic-similarity","display_name":"Semantic similarity","score":0.6688227653503418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inference","display_name":"Inference","score":0.6364038586616516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/similarity","display_name":"Similarity (geometry)","score":0.5811275839805603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language","display_name":"Natural language","score":0.5004010200500488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-understanding","display_name":"Natural language understanding","score":0.47162604331970215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmarking","display_name":"Benchmarking","score":0.44980233907699585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/language-model","display_name":"Language model","score":0.4407275915145874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semantic-compression","display_name":"Semantic compression","score":0.43502774834632874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semantic-computing","display_name":"Semantic computing","score":0.40790772438049316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.3737240433692932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semantic-technology","display_name":"Semantic technology","score":0.11593431234359741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semantic-web","display_name":"Semantic Web","score":0.09708249568939209}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.8304134607315063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7902727723121643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.712386965751648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C35219183","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5146","display_name":"Portuguese","level":2,"score":0.6735761165618896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C130318100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2268914","display_name":"Semantic similarity","level":2,"score":0.6688227653503418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776214188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408386","display_name":"Inference","level":2,"score":0.6364038586616516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103278499","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q254465","display_name":"Similarity (geometry)","level":3,"score":0.5811275839805603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195324797","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33742","display_name":"Natural language","level":2,"score":0.5004010200500488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779439875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1078276","display_name":"Natural language understanding","level":3,"score":0.47162604331970215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86251818","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816754","display_name":"Benchmarking","level":2,"score":0.44980233907699585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137293760","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3621696","display_name":"Language model","level":2,"score":0.4407275915145874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202708506","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7449050","display_name":"Semantic compression","level":5,"score":0.43502774834632874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C511149849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7449051","display_name":"Semantic computing","level":3,"score":0.40790772438049316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.3737240433692932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6881194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7449091","display_name":"Semantic technology","level":4,"score":0.11593431234359741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2129575","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q54837","display_name":"Semantic Web","level":2,"score":0.09708249568939209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/info11100484","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info11100484","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/11/10/484/pdf?version=1603284694","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219776","display_name":"Information","issn_l":"2078-2489","issn":["2078-2489"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:f2824336509d43fd8dd5ddd6bdc8fdfc","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/f2824336509d43fd8dd5ddd6bdc8fdfc","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Information, Vol 11, Iss 10, p 484 (2020)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dspace.uevora.pt:10174/32114","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10174/32114","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401462","display_name":"Repositorio Universidade de \u00c9vora (Universidade de \u00c9vora)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I21803372","host_organization_name":"University of \u00c9vora","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21803372"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"journal article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2078-2489/11/10/484/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/info11100484","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Information; Volume 11; Issue 10; Pages: 484","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/info11100484","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info11100484","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/11/10/484/pdf?version=1603284694","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219776","display_name":"Information","issn_l":"2078-2489","issn":["2078-2489"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.8299999833106995}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2441341484","display_name":"Instituto de Engenharia de Sistemas e Computadores, Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o e Desenvolvimento em Lisboa","funder_award_id":"UIDB/50021/2020","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334779","funder_display_name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6240666529","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"UID/CEC/50021/ 2019 and INCoDe 2030","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334779","funder_display_name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334779","display_name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","ror":"https://ror.org/00snfqn58"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3092771475.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3092771475.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":55,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W77849806","https://openalex.org/W1549656520","https://openalex.org/W2012942264","https://openalex.org/W2101105183","https://openalex.org/W2101234009","https://openalex.org/W2118707092","https://openalex.org/W2123402141","https://openalex.org/W2153579005","https://openalex.org/W2250790822","https://openalex.org/W2251861449","https://openalex.org/W2251869843","https://openalex.org/W2285990425","https://openalex.org/W2589549951","https://openalex.org/W2589784583","https://openalex.org/W2592727469","https://openalex.org/W2593993523","https://openalex.org/W2596347000","https://openalex.org/W2625524062","https://openalex.org/W2626778328","https://openalex.org/W2739351760","https://openalex.org/W2784117617","https://openalex.org/W2795227599","https://openalex.org/W2886585851","https://openalex.org/W2886692536","https://openalex.org/W2888643140","https://openalex.org/W2896457183","https://openalex.org/W2923014074","https://openalex.org/W2946417913","https://openalex.org/W2948947170","https://openalex.org/W2952638691","https://openalex.org/W2963341956","https://openalex.org/W2964303116","https://openalex.org/W2966390494","https://openalex.org/W3008931407","https://openalex.org/W3013309364","https://openalex.org/W3013358253","https://openalex.org/W3013439292","https://openalex.org/W3013538927","https://openalex.org/W3013679652","https://openalex.org/W3013879018","https://openalex.org/W3104033643","https://openalex.org/W4285724768","https://openalex.org/W4301735390","https://openalex.org/W6631190155","https://openalex.org/W6675354045","https://openalex.org/W6691695795","https://openalex.org/W6733611645","https://openalex.org/W6733942406","https://openalex.org/W6734424637","https://openalex.org/W6734646100","https://openalex.org/W6739815401","https://openalex.org/W6762537594","https://openalex.org/W6763121668","https://openalex.org/W6763687114","https://openalex.org/W6775243047"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3134365128","https://openalex.org/W1965623300","https://openalex.org/W2541135911","https://openalex.org/W2250607250","https://openalex.org/W2359259132","https://openalex.org/W2103835134","https://openalex.org/W2362519509","https://openalex.org/W2365969513","https://openalex.org/W858433989","https://openalex.org/W2911279001"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Two":[0],"sentences":[1],"can":[2],"be":[3],"related":[4],"in":[5,11,58,73,79],"many":[6],"different":[7,18],"ways.":[8],"Distinct":[9],"tasks":[10],"natural":[12,28,100],"language":[13,29,101],"processing":[14],"aim":[15],"to":[16,89],"identify":[17],"semantic":[19,32,104],"relations":[20],"between":[21],"sentences.":[22],"We":[23,39,54],"developed":[24],"several":[25,59],"models":[26,44,57],"for":[27,35,107],"inference":[30,102],"and":[31,62,77,103],"textual":[33,105],"similarity":[34,106],"the":[36,49,64,80,90,95,108],"Portuguese":[37,109],"language.":[38,110],"took":[40],"advantage":[41],"of":[42,51,92],"pre-trained":[43],"(BERT);":[45],"additionally,":[46],"we":[47],"studied":[48],"roles":[50],"lexical":[52],"features.":[53],"tested":[55],"our":[56,93],"datasets\u2014ASSIN,":[60],"SICK-BR":[61],"ASSIN2\u2014and":[63],"best":[65,91],"results":[66],"were":[67],"usually":[68],"achieved":[69],"with":[70],"ptBERT-Large,":[71],"trained":[72],"a":[74],"Brazilian":[75],"corpus":[76],"tuned":[78],"latter":[81],"datasets.":[82],"Besides":[83],"obtaining":[84],"state-of-the-art":[85],"results,":[86],"this":[87],"is,":[88],"knowledge,":[94],"most":[96],"all-inclusive":[97],"study":[98],"about":[99]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}