{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3039598638","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info11070344","title":"Ensemble-Based Spam Detection in Smart Home IoT Devices Time Series Data Using Machine Learning Techniques","display_name":"Ensemble-Based Spam Detection in Smart Home IoT Devices Time Series Data Using Machine Learning Techniques","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-07-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3039598638","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info11070344","mag":"3039598638"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/info11070344","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info11070344","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/11/7/344/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219776","display_name":"Information","issn_l":"2078-2489","issn":["2078-2489"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/11/7/344/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010833275","display_name":"Ameema Zainab","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3754-4162"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91045830","display_name":"Texas A&M University","ror":"https://ror.org/01f5ytq51","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91045830"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ameema Zainab","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3754-4162","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91045830"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031046256","display_name":"Shady S. Refaat","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9392-6141"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I58152225","display_name":"Texas A&M University at Qatar","ror":"https://ror.org/03vb4dm14","country_code":"QA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I58152225","https://openalex.org/I91045830"]}],"countries":["QA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shady S. Refaat","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical & Computer Engineering, Texas A&M University at Qatar, Doha 23874, Qatar"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9392-6141","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical & Computer Engineering, Texas A&M University at Qatar, Doha 23874, Qatar","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I58152225"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068186523","display_name":"O. Bouhali","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7139-7322"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210144839","display_name":"Hamad bin Khalifa University","ror":"https://ror.org/03eyq4y97","country_code":"QA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210144839"]}],"countries":["QA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Othmane Bouhali","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research Computing, Texas A&M University at Qatar, Qatar Computing Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha 5825, Qatar"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Computing, Texas A&M University at Qatar, Qatar Computing Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha 5825, Qatar","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210144839"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5010833275"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91045830"],"apc_list":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1782},"apc_paid":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1782},"fwci":4.6923,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":47,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95703084,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":"7","first_page":"344","last_page":"344"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12761","display_name":"Data Stream Mining Techniques","score":0.9969000220298767,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7807952165603638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-of-things","display_name":"Internet of Things","score":0.6630762219429016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.5700230598449707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mean-squared-error","display_name":"Mean squared error","score":0.5585118532180786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.512096643447876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/time-series","display_name":"Time series","score":0.45190539956092834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/home-automation","display_name":"Home automation","score":0.4505975842475891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.4445782005786896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4436691701412201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smart-device","display_name":"Smart device","score":0.42848560214042664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-sensor-network","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","score":0.42832261323928833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.25251489877700806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.25000596046447754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.08614999055862427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.0807560384273529}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7807952165603638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81860439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q251212","display_name":"Internet of Things","level":2,"score":0.6630762219429016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.5700230598449707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139945424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1940696","display_name":"Mean squared error","level":2,"score":0.5585118532180786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.512096643447876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151406439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186588","display_name":"Time series","level":2,"score":0.45190539956092834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C507571656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q848436","display_name":"Home automation","level":2,"score":0.4505975842475891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.4445782005786896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4436691701412201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776898695","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11253473","display_name":"Smart device","level":2,"score":0.42848560214042664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24590314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q336038","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","level":2,"score":0.42832261323928833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.25251489877700806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.25000596046447754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.08614999055862427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0807560384273529},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/info11070344","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info11070344","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/11/7/344/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219776","display_name":"Information","issn_l":"2078-2489","issn":["2078-2489"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:a10ee2670dfa414db5dc99fd9645c6b9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/a10ee2670dfa414db5dc99fd9645c6b9","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Information, Vol 11, Iss 7, p 344 (2020)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:figshare.com:article/26134105","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/Ensemble-Based_Spam_Detection_in_Smart_Home_IoT_Devices_Time_Series_Data_Using_Machine_Learning_Techniques/26134105","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196282","display_name":"Figshare","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210132348","host_organization_name":"Figshare (United Kingdom)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132348"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2078-2489/11/7/344/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/info11070344","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Information","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/info11070344","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info11070344","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/11/7/344/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219776","display_name":"Information","issn_l":"2078-2489","issn":["2078-2489"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1659715620","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NPRP10","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332753","funder_display_name":"Qatar National Research Fund"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1936294329","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NPRP10-0101-170082","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332753","funder_display_name":"Qatar National Research Fund"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309815","display_name":"Qatar Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/01cawbq05"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321038","display_name":"Fonds National de la Recherche Luxembourg","ror":"https://ror.org/039z13y21"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332753","display_name":"Qatar National Research Fund","ror":"https://ror.org/01svaqq28"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3039598638.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3039598638.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":37,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1678356000","https://openalex.org/W1737603075","https://openalex.org/W1975994995","https://openalex.org/W1984514442","https://openalex.org/W1990910451","https://openalex.org/W2000164913","https://openalex.org/W2013746897","https://openalex.org/W2056132907","https://openalex.org/W2122646361","https://openalex.org/W2295598076","https://openalex.org/W2529556398","https://openalex.org/W2676890506","https://openalex.org/W2734096706","https://openalex.org/W2767011062","https://openalex.org/W2768072802","https://openalex.org/W2789180068","https://openalex.org/W2793770662","https://openalex.org/W2794478957","https://openalex.org/W2883406216","https://openalex.org/W2886073571","https://openalex.org/W2887874040","https://openalex.org/W2911322481","https://openalex.org/W2915539033","https://openalex.org/W2958118075","https://openalex.org/W2959288416","https://openalex.org/W2998216295","https://openalex.org/W3002543587","https://openalex.org/W3007721770","https://openalex.org/W3007741690","https://openalex.org/W3013236980","https://openalex.org/W3025835615","https://openalex.org/W3102476541","https://openalex.org/W4240252876","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6644390931","https://openalex.org/W6765582421","https://openalex.org/W7066667914"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3161928361","https://openalex.org/W3111735654","https://openalex.org/W4328105370","https://openalex.org/W4297517636","https://openalex.org/W3041546297","https://openalex.org/W2775878134","https://openalex.org/W3010809826","https://openalex.org/W4304196240","https://openalex.org/W3004637514","https://openalex.org/W3205609476"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,174,192],"number":[1],"of":[2,4,20,46,71,81,89,100,121,140,149,184,198],"Internet":[3],"Things":[5],"(IoT)":[6],"devices":[7,33,92,124,188,211],"is":[8,78,168,177],"growing":[9],"at":[10],"a":[11,56,161],"fast":[12],"pace":[13],"in":[14,59,63,152,189],"smart":[15,73,162],"homes,":[16],"producing":[17],"large":[18],"amounts":[19],"data,":[21,65],"which":[22,66,77],"are":[23,34],"mostly":[24],"transferred":[25],"over":[26],"wireless":[27],"communication":[28],"channels.":[29],"However,":[30],"various":[31,101],"IoT":[32,75,91,123,187,210],"vulnerable":[35],"to":[36,119,145,179,202],"different":[37],"threats,":[38],"such":[39,103],"as":[40,104],"cyber-attacks,":[41],"fluctuating":[42],"network":[43],"connections,":[44],"leakage":[45],"information,":[47],"etc.":[48,113],"Statistical":[49],"analysis":[50],"and":[51,133],"machine":[52,142],"learning":[53,143],"can":[54],"play":[55],"vital":[57],"role":[58],"detecting":[60],"the":[61,64,68,72,79,87,90,98,122,126,130,134,141,147,150,153,171,181,185,190,196,199,204,209],"anomalies":[62],"enhances":[67],"security":[69],"level":[70],"home":[74,154],"system":[76],"goal":[80],"this":[82],"paper.":[83],"This":[84],"paper":[85],"investigates":[86],"trustworthiness":[88,148],"sending":[93],"house":[94],"appliances\u2019":[95],"readings,":[96],"with":[97,165],"help":[99],"parameters":[102],"feature":[105,131],"importance,":[106],"root":[107,135],"mean":[108,136],"square":[109,137],"error,":[110],"hyper-parameter":[111],"tuning,":[112],"A":[114,156],"spamicity":[115,182],"score":[116,139,183],"was":[117],"awarded":[118],"each":[120],"by":[125],"algorithm,":[127],"based":[128],"on":[129],"importance":[132],"error":[138],"models":[144],"determine":[146],"device":[151],"network.":[155,191],"dataset":[157],"publicly":[158],"available":[159],"for":[160,170,212],"home,":[163],"along":[164],"weather":[166],"conditions,":[167],"used":[169,178],"methodology":[172],"validation.":[173],"proposed":[175,200],"algorithm":[176,201],"detect":[180],"connected":[186],"obtained":[193],"results":[194],"illustrate":[195],"efficacy":[197],"analyze":[203],"time":[205],"series":[206],"data":[207],"from":[208],"spam":[213],"detection.":[214]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-23T08:03:31.855105","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}