{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3035065059","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info11060319","title":"A Reliable Weighting Scheme for the Aggregation of Crowd Intelligence to Detect Fake News","display_name":"A Reliable Weighting Scheme for the Aggregation of Crowd Intelligence to Detect Fake News","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-06-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3035065059","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info11060319","mag":"3035065059"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/info11060319","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info11060319","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/11/6/319/pdf?version=1592824632","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219776","display_name":"Information","issn_l":"2078-2489","issn":["2078-2489"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/11/6/319/pdf?version=1592824632","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032771405","display_name":"Franklin Tchakount\u00e9","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0723-2640"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59196294","display_name":"University of Ngaound\u00e9r\u00e9","ror":"https://ror.org/03gq1d339","country_code":"CM","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I59196294"]}],"countries":["CM"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Franklin Tchakount\u00e9","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Faculty of Science, University of Ngaound\u00e9r\u00e9, Ngaound\u00e9r\u00e9 640001, Cameroon"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0723-2640","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Faculty of Science, University of Ngaound\u00e9r\u00e9, Ngaound\u00e9r\u00e9 640001, Cameroon","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59196294"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017976911","display_name":"Faissal Ahmadou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0198-9653"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59196294","display_name":"University of Ngaound\u00e9r\u00e9","ror":"https://ror.org/03gq1d339","country_code":"CM","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I59196294"]}],"countries":["CM"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ahmadou Faissal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Faculty of Science, University of Ngaound\u00e9r\u00e9, Ngaound\u00e9r\u00e9 640001, Cameroon"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Faculty of Science, University of Ngaound\u00e9r\u00e9, Ngaound\u00e9r\u00e9 640001, Cameroon","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59196294"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090363326","display_name":"Marcellin Atemkeng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9020-3885"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I203238179","display_name":"Rhodes University","ror":"https://ror.org/016sewp10","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I203238179"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marcellin Atemkeng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mathematics, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I203238179"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088344157","display_name":"A. Ntyam","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59196294","display_name":"University of Ngaound\u00e9r\u00e9","ror":"https://ror.org/03gq1d339","country_code":"CM","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I59196294"]}],"countries":["CM"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Achille Ntyam","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Faculty of Science, University of Ngaound\u00e9r\u00e9, Ngaound\u00e9r\u00e9 640001, Cameroon"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Faculty of Science, University of Ngaound\u00e9r\u00e9, Ngaound\u00e9r\u00e9 640001, Cameroon","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59196294"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5017976911","https://openalex.org/A5032771405"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59196294"],"apc_list":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"apc_paid":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"fwci":4.7722,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":24,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95303094,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":"6","first_page":"319","last_page":"319"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11147","display_name":"Misinformation and Its Impacts","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11147","display_name":"Misinformation and Its Impacts","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11644","display_name":"Spam and Phishing Detection","score":0.9968000054359436,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9793000221252441,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-privacy","display_name":"Internet privacy","score":0.6642017364501953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crowds","display_name":"Crowds","score":0.5776077508926392},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5652082562446594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crowdsourcing","display_name":"Crowdsourcing","score":0.5320205688476562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/news-aggregator","display_name":"News aggregator","score":0.5242279171943665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/credibility","display_name":"Credibility","score":0.50602787733078},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voting","display_name":"Voting","score":0.4960223138332367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/harm","display_name":"Harm","score":0.47524595260620117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.470954030752182},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anonymity","display_name":"Anonymity","score":0.4585520923137665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.30095499753952026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.29421383142471313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.24592483043670654}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108827166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175975","display_name":"Internet privacy","level":1,"score":0.6642017364501953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777852691","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13430821","display_name":"Crowds","level":2,"score":0.5776077508926392},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5652082562446594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62230096","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q275969","display_name":"Crowdsourcing","level":2,"score":0.5320205688476562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180505990","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q498267","display_name":"News aggregator","level":2,"score":0.5242279171943665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780224610","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1530061","display_name":"Credibility","level":2,"score":0.50602787733078},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C520049643","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189760","display_name":"Voting","level":3,"score":0.4960223138332367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777363581","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15098235","display_name":"Harm","level":2,"score":0.47524595260620117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.470954030752182},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178005623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q308859","display_name":"Anonymity","level":2,"score":0.4585520923137665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.30095499753952026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.29421383142471313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.24592483043670654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/info11060319","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info11060319","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/11/6/319/pdf?version=1592824632","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219776","display_name":"Information","issn_l":"2078-2489","issn":["2078-2489"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:084e101dcc9e4e6eaa9d0ba6d00b5258","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/084e101dcc9e4e6eaa9d0ba6d00b5258","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Information, Vol 11, Iss 6, p 319 (2020)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2078-2489/11/6/319/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/info11060319","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Information","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/info11060319","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info11060319","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/11/6/319/pdf?version=1592824632","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219776","display_name":"Information","issn_l":"2078-2489","issn":["2078-2489"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.8100000023841858,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3035065059.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3035065059.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":50,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1546111015","https://openalex.org/W1576828772","https://openalex.org/W1605972654","https://openalex.org/W1915948065","https://openalex.org/W1963212972","https://openalex.org/W1966075400","https://openalex.org/W1986715167","https://openalex.org/W2015462142","https://openalex.org/W2098395374","https://openalex.org/W2122865749","https://openalex.org/W2149182200","https://openalex.org/W2268538245","https://openalex.org/W2333962524","https://openalex.org/W2502759836","https://openalex.org/W2564112458","https://openalex.org/W2569238137","https://openalex.org/W2574988924","https://openalex.org/W2593408211","https://openalex.org/W2732105903","https://openalex.org/W2736853830","https://openalex.org/W2740560510","https://openalex.org/W2742330194","https://openalex.org/W2743800013","https://openalex.org/W2760023177","https://openalex.org/W2769670129","https://openalex.org/W2783422929","https://openalex.org/W2793255598","https://openalex.org/W2798787718","https://openalex.org/W2799165947","https://openalex.org/W2809476703","https://openalex.org/W2869975551","https://openalex.org/W2888957833","https://openalex.org/W2889888316","https://openalex.org/W2890523554","https://openalex.org/W2897483271","https://openalex.org/W2901432156","https://openalex.org/W2902998547","https://openalex.org/W2911715381","https://openalex.org/W2950459456","https://openalex.org/W2963430777","https://openalex.org/W2964302420","https://openalex.org/W2966407765","https://openalex.org/W3188424191","https://openalex.org/W4300025484","https://openalex.org/W6636295496","https://openalex.org/W6639945038","https://openalex.org/W6681830915","https://openalex.org/W6753238190","https://openalex.org/W6758327135","https://openalex.org/W6766119758"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3032998312","https://openalex.org/W4384486036","https://openalex.org/W135177976","https://openalex.org/W1503094549","https://openalex.org/W2337920774","https://openalex.org/W3036238356","https://openalex.org/W2886410948","https://openalex.org/W2025875869","https://openalex.org/W2391461167","https://openalex.org/W2925418343"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Social":[0],"networks":[1,139],"play":[2,23],"an":[3,24,73,167],"important":[4],"role":[5],"in":[6,10,137,166,176],"today\u2019s":[7],"society":[8],"and":[9,81,126,159,200,218,233,282],"our":[11,246],"relationships":[12],"with":[13,98,239],"others.":[14],"They":[15],"give":[16],"the":[17,20,46,77,99,104,144,154,157,160,198,201,215,222,240,269,273],"Internet":[18,43,58],"user":[19,44],"opportunity":[21],"to":[22,48,65,69,75,83,90,94,106,133,170,254,257],"active":[25],"role,":[26],"e.g.,":[27],"one":[28],"can":[29,114,120],"relay":[30],"certain":[31,85],"information":[32],"via":[33],"a":[34,36,40,110,163,181,189,204,279,283],"blog,":[35],"comment,":[37],"or":[38,71,179,275],"even":[39],"vote.":[41],"The":[42,207],"has":[45,227],"possibility":[47],"share":[49,66,107],"any":[50,53],"content":[51],"at":[52],"time.":[54],"However,":[55],"some":[56],"malicious":[57],"users":[59,125],"take":[60],"advantage":[61],"of":[62,79,146,156,162,192,195,197,203,278],"this":[63],"freedom":[64],"fake":[67,112,118,135],"news":[68,88,113,119,136],"manipulate":[70],"mislead":[72],"audience,":[74],"invade":[76],"privacy":[78],"others,":[80],"also":[82],"harm":[84],"institutions.":[86,127],"Fake":[87],"seeks":[89],"resemble":[91],"traditional":[92],"media":[93],"establish":[95],"its":[96],"credibility":[97],"public.":[100],"Its":[101],"seriousness":[102],"pushes":[103],"public":[105],"them.":[108],"As":[109],"result,":[111],"spread":[115],"quickly.":[116],"This":[117,186],"cause":[121],"enormous":[122],"difficulties":[123],"for":[124],"Several":[128],"authors":[129,150],"have":[130],"proposed":[131,270],"systems":[132],"detect":[134],"social":[138],"using":[140],"crowd":[141,158,199,216],"signals":[142],"through":[143],"process":[145],"crowdsourcing.":[147],"Unfortunately,":[148],"these":[149],"do":[151],"not":[152,180],"use":[153],"expertise":[155,161],"third":[164],"party":[165],"associative":[168],"way":[169],"make":[171],"decisions.":[172],"Crowds":[173],"are":[174],"useful":[175],"indicating":[177],"whether":[178],"story":[182],"should":[183],"be":[184],"fact-checked.":[185],"work":[187],"proposes":[188],"new":[190],"method":[191],"binary":[193],"aggregation":[194,247,265],"opinions":[196],"knowledge":[202],"third-party":[205,223],"expert.":[206],"aggregator":[208],"is":[209],"based":[210],"on":[211,214,221,230],"majority":[212,241],"voting":[213,284],"side":[217],"weighted":[219],"averaging":[220],"side.":[224],"An":[225],"experimentation":[226],"been":[228],"conducted":[229],"25":[231],"posts":[232],"50":[234],"voters.":[235],"A":[236,260],"quantitative":[237],"comparison":[238],"vote":[242],"model":[243,248],"reveals":[244],"that":[245,268],"provides":[249],"slightly":[250],"better":[251],"results":[252],"due":[253],"weights":[255],"assigned":[256],"accredited":[258],"users.":[259],"qualitative":[261],"investigation":[262],"against":[263],"existing":[264],"models":[266],"shows":[267],"approach":[271],"meets":[272],"requirements":[274],"properties":[276],"expected":[277],"crowdsourcing":[280],"system":[281],"system.":[285]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
