{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3021829213","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info11060314","title":"COVID-19 Public Sentiment Insights and Machine Learning for Tweets Classification","display_name":"COVID-19 Public Sentiment Insights and Machine Learning for Tweets Classification","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-06-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3021829213","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info11060314","mag":"3021829213"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/info11060314","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info11060314","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/11/6/314/pdf?version=1591871049","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219776","display_name":"Information","issn_l":"2078-2489","issn":["2078-2489"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/11/6/314/pdf?version=1591871049","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Jim Samuel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7599-3209"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I48380244","display_name":"University of Charleston","ror":"https://ror.org/02z58ft15","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I48380244"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jim Samuel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Business Analytics, University of Charleston, Charleston, WV 25304, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7599-3209","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Business Analytics, University of Charleston, Charleston, WV 25304, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I48380244"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"G. G. Md. Nawaz Ali","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5861-0475"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I48380244","display_name":"University of Charleston","ror":"https://ror.org/02z58ft15","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I48380244"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"G. G. Md. Nawaz Ali","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Applied Computer Science, University of Charleston, Charleston, WV 25304, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5861-0475","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Applied Computer Science, University of Charleston, Charleston, WV 25304, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I48380244"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Md. Mokhlesur Rahman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2235-4574"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102149020","display_name":"University of North Carolina at Charlotte","ror":"https://ror.org/04dawnj30","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102149020"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I113866419","display_name":"Lee College","ror":"https://ror.org/057pedz06","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I113866419"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1307585291","display_name":"Khulna University of Engineering and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04y58d606","country_code":"BD","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1307585291"]}],"countries":["BD","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Md. Mokhlesur Rahman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Urban and Regional Planning (URP), Khulna University of Engineering & Technology (KUET), Khulna 9203, Bangladesh","The William States Lee College of Engineering, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2235-4574","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Urban and Regional Planning (URP), Khulna University of Engineering & Technology (KUET), Khulna 9203, Bangladesh","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1307585291"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The William States Lee College of Engineering, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102149020","https://openalex.org/I113866419"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Ek Esawi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I48380244","display_name":"University of Charleston","ror":"https://ror.org/02z58ft15","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I48380244"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ek Esawi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Data Analytics, University of Charleston, Charleston, WV 25304, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Data Analytics, University of Charleston, Charleston, WV 25304, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I48380244"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Yana Samuel","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12912129","display_name":"Northeastern University","ror":"https://ror.org/04t5xt781","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12912129"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yana Samuel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Education, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Education, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12912129"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1782},"apc_paid":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1782},"fwci":34.7173,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":331,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99810318,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":"6","first_page":"314","last_page":"314"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10664","display_name":"Sentiment Analysis and Opinion Mining","score":0.5701000094413757,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10664","display_name":"Sentiment Analysis and Opinion Mining","score":0.5701000094413757,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11147","display_name":"Misinformation and Its Impacts","score":0.1624000072479248,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11819","display_name":"Data-Driven Disease Surveillance","score":0.050999999046325684,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sentiment-analysis","display_name":"Sentiment analysis","score":0.63919997215271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.5960999727249146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/naive-bayes-classifier","display_name":"Naive Bayes classifier","score":0.5353999733924866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/logistic-regression","display_name":"Logistic regression","score":0.44830000400543213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-media","display_name":"Social media","score":0.37459999322891235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/analytics","display_name":"Analytics","score":0.34209999442100525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-opinion","display_name":"Public opinion","score":0.33570000529289246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coronavirus-disease-2019","display_name":"Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)","score":0.33329999446868896}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6597999930381775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6464999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66402592","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2271421","display_name":"Sentiment analysis","level":2,"score":0.63919997215271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.5961999893188477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.5960999727249146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52001869","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q812530","display_name":"Naive Bayes classifier","level":3,"score":0.5353999733924866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151956035","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1132755","display_name":"Logistic regression","level":2,"score":0.44830000400543213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C518677369","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202833","display_name":"Social media","level":2,"score":0.37459999322891235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.3736000061035156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.3603000044822693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79158427","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485396","display_name":"Analytics","level":2,"score":0.34209999442100525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134698397","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17946","display_name":"Public opinion","level":3,"score":0.33570000529289246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3008058167","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q84263196","display_name":"Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)","level":4,"score":0.33329999446868896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.32170000672340393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777648638","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q57751738","display_name":"Coronavirus","level":5,"score":0.31540000438690186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.2879999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110083411","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1744628","display_name":"Statistical classification","level":2,"score":0.2786000072956085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136389625","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q334384","display_name":"Supervised learning","level":3,"score":0.2773999869823456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778121359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8096","display_name":"Lexicon","level":2,"score":0.272599995136261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778729106","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1140126","display_name":"Social media analytics","level":3,"score":0.2662999927997589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26983874","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q263864","display_name":"Tag cloud","level":3,"score":0.2563999891281128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75684735","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q858810","display_name":"Big data","level":2,"score":0.2549000084400177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107673813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q812534","display_name":"Bayesian probability","level":2,"score":0.2500999867916107}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/info11060314","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info11060314","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/11/6/314/pdf?version=1591871049","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219776","display_name":"Information","issn_l":"2078-2489","issn":["2078-2489"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2005.10898","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2005.10898","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2005.10898","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:alma.01RUT_INST:11675453470004646","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://scholarship.libraries.rutgers.edu/esploro/outputs/journalArticle/COVID-19-Public-sentiment-insights-and-machine/991031715978204646","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210197018","display_name":"View","issn_l":"2688-268X","issn":["2688-268X","2688-3988"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:3104a4babd774ec4b8f0a8fecb633b19","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/3104a4babd774ec4b8f0a8fecb633b19","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Information, Vol 11, Iss 6, p 314 (2020)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2078-2489/11/6/314/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/info11060314","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Information","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/info11060314","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info11060314","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/11/6/314/pdf?version=1591871049","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219776","display_name":"Information","issn_l":"2078-2489","issn":["2078-2489"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":53,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W264248106","https://openalex.org/W1838153851","https://openalex.org/W1986428794","https://openalex.org/W1987528353","https://openalex.org/W1993644118","https://openalex.org/W2002901997","https://openalex.org/W2005406133","https://openalex.org/W2043157037","https://openalex.org/W2051964273","https://openalex.org/W2070584516","https://openalex.org/W2092074862","https://openalex.org/W2162051395","https://openalex.org/W2215376118","https://openalex.org/W2342933002","https://openalex.org/W2343307093","https://openalex.org/W2517884444","https://openalex.org/W2583998542","https://openalex.org/W2587189985","https://openalex.org/W2726091402","https://openalex.org/W2742088956","https://openalex.org/W2742330194","https://openalex.org/W2751120625","https://openalex.org/W2772763178","https://openalex.org/W2774715396","https://openalex.org/W2774995230","https://openalex.org/W2779564163","https://openalex.org/W2794999389","https://openalex.org/W2795227599","https://openalex.org/W2803544005","https://openalex.org/W2900514437","https://openalex.org/W2900641211","https://openalex.org/W2904800169","https://openalex.org/W2911955591","https://openalex.org/W2920434442","https://openalex.org/W2937423263","https://openalex.org/W2951725886","https://openalex.org/W2961442247","https://openalex.org/W2996851481","https://openalex.org/W3005191182","https://openalex.org/W3011322905","https://openalex.org/W3011602123","https://openalex.org/W3013821317","https://openalex.org/W3014638635","https://openalex.org/W3015462285","https://openalex.org/W3091457250","https://openalex.org/W3129280360","https://openalex.org/W6674489603","https://openalex.org/W6675354045","https://openalex.org/W6747948840","https://openalex.org/W6767050217","https://openalex.org/W6773998958","https://openalex.org/W6774471990","https://openalex.org/W6776971543"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Along":[0],"with":[1,63,75,151,171],"the":[2,11,64,84,96,124,152,160],"Coronavirus":[3,67,135,189],"pandemic,":[4],"another":[5],"crisis":[6,39],"has":[7],"manifested":[8],"itself":[9],"in":[10,95,123,133],"form":[12],"of":[13,86,115,126,137,146,169],"mass":[14],"fear":[15,190],"and":[16,22,34,40,48,70,129,174,193,199],"panic":[17],"phenomena,":[18],"fueled":[19],"by":[20,104],"incomplete":[21],"often":[23],"inaccurate":[24],"information.":[25],"There":[26],"is":[27],"therefore":[28],"a":[29,112,142,166],"tremendous":[30],"need":[31],"to":[32],"address":[33],"better":[35],"understand":[36],"COVID-19\u2019s":[37],"informational":[38],"gauge":[41],"public":[42,60],"sentiment,":[43],"so":[44],"that":[45,159],"appropriate":[46],"messaging":[47],"policy":[49],"decisions":[50],"can":[51],"be":[52],"implemented.":[53],"In":[54],"this":[55],"research":[56,185],"article,":[57],"we":[58,110],"identify":[59],"sentiment":[61,77,191],"associated":[62,195],"pandemic":[65],"using":[66,99],"specific":[68],"Tweets":[69,136],"R":[71],"statistical":[72],"software,":[73],"along":[74],"its":[76],"analysis":[78],"packages.":[79],"We":[80,140,156],"demonstrate":[81],"insights":[82,187],"into":[83,188],"progress":[85],"fear-sentiment":[87],"over":[88],"time":[89],"as":[90],"COVID-19":[91],"approached":[92],"peak":[93],"levels":[94],"United":[97],"States,":[98],"descriptive":[100],"textual":[101,106,127],"analytics":[102],"supported":[103],"necessary":[105],"data":[107],"visualizations.":[108],"Furthermore,":[109],"provide":[111],"methodological":[113],"overview":[114],"two":[116],"essential":[117],"machine":[118],"learning":[119],"(ML)":[120],"classification":[121,144,163],"methods,":[122,196],"context":[125],"analytics,":[128],"compare":[130],"their":[131],"effectiveness":[132],"classifying":[134],"varying":[138],"lengths.":[139],"observe":[141,158],"strong":[143],"accuracy":[145,168],"91%":[147],"for":[148,181],"short":[149],"Tweets,":[150,173],"Na\u00efve":[153],"Bayes":[154],"method.":[155],"also":[157],"logistic":[161],"regression":[162],"method":[164],"provides":[165,186],"reasonable":[167],"74%":[170],"shorter":[172],"both":[175],"methods":[176],"showed":[177],"relatively":[178],"weaker":[179],"performance":[180],"longer":[182],"Tweets.":[183],"This":[184],"progression,":[192],"outlines":[194],"implications,":[197],"limitations":[198],"opportunities.":[200]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":42},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":58},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":83},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":93},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":25}],"updated_date":"2026-07-30T17:31:21.811387","created_date":"2020-05-13T00:00:00"}