{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3016398513","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info11040226","title":"A Hierarchical Decision-Making Method with a Fuzzy Ant Colony Algorithm for Mission Planning of Multiple UAVs","display_name":"A Hierarchical Decision-Making Method with a Fuzzy Ant Colony Algorithm for Mission Planning of Multiple UAVs","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-04-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3016398513","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info11040226","mag":"3016398513"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/info11040226","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info11040226","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/11/4/226/pdf?version=1587304582","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219776","display_name":"Information","issn_l":"2078-2489","issn":["2078-2489"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/11/4/226/pdf?version=1587304582","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100351797","display_name":"Lin Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8621-7523"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17145004","display_name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y0j0j86","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Lin Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Network Security and E-Commerce, School of Computer Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi\u2019an 710072, China","Department of Network Security and E-Commerce, School of Computer Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Network Security and E-Commerce, School of Computer Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi\u2019an 710072, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Network Security and E-Commerce, School of Computer Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006814445","display_name":"Yian Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6564-5756"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17145004","display_name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y0j0j86","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yian Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Network Security and E-Commerce, School of Computer Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi\u2019an 710072, China","Department of Network Security and E-Commerce, School of Computer Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Network Security and E-Commerce, School of Computer Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi\u2019an 710072, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Network Security and E-Commerce, School of Computer Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091390209","display_name":"Xianchen Shi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6959-6218"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17145004","display_name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y0j0j86","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xianchen Shi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Network Security and E-Commerce, School of Computer Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi\u2019an 710072, China","Department of Network Security and E-Commerce, School of Computer Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Network Security and E-Commerce, School of Computer Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi\u2019an 710072, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Network Security and E-Commerce, School of Computer Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100351797"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"],"apc_list":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"apc_paid":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"fwci":4.7125,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95722661,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":"4","first_page":"226","last_page":"226"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11133","display_name":"UAV Applications and Optimization","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11133","display_name":"UAV Applications and Optimization","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10586","display_name":"Robotic Path Planning Algorithms","score":0.996999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10249","display_name":"Distributed Control Multi-Agent Systems","score":0.9958999752998352,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ant-colony-optimization-algorithms","display_name":"Ant colony optimization algorithms","score":0.6989982724189758},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/motion-planning","display_name":"Motion planning","score":0.669214129447937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6689594388008118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/battlefield","display_name":"Battlefield","score":0.5787904262542725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fuzzy-logic","display_name":"Fuzzy logic","score":0.4989452362060547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.482460081577301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/path","display_name":"Path (computing)","score":0.4791666567325592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operations-research","display_name":"Operations research","score":0.4686260521411896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perspective","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","score":0.4524967074394226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.43304795026779175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cluster-analysis","display_name":"Cluster analysis","score":0.42576074600219727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4248838424682617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.1628095805644989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robot","display_name":"Robot","score":0.10402879118919373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.09786859154701233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/systems-engineering","display_name":"Systems engineering","score":0.09008809924125671}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40128228","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q460851","display_name":"Ant colony optimization algorithms","level":2,"score":0.6989982724189758},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81074085","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q366872","display_name":"Motion planning","level":3,"score":0.669214129447937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6689594388008118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779669469","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4895508","display_name":"Battlefield","level":2,"score":0.5787904262542725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q224821","display_name":"Fuzzy logic","level":2,"score":0.4989452362060547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.482460081577301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777735758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q817765","display_name":"Path (computing)","level":2,"score":0.4791666567325592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42475967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194292","display_name":"Operations research","level":1,"score":0.4686260521411896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12713177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1900281","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","level":2,"score":0.4524967074394226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.43304795026779175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73555534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622825","display_name":"Cluster analysis","level":2,"score":0.42576074600219727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4248838424682617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1628095805644989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90509273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11012","display_name":"Robot","level":2,"score":0.10402879118919373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.09786859154701233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.09008809924125671},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195244886","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41493","display_name":"Ancient history","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/info11040226","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info11040226","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/11/4/226/pdf?version=1587304582","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219776","display_name":"Information","issn_l":"2078-2489","issn":["2078-2489"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:f65c844516ca491592e133abaa8a5897","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/f65c844516ca491592e133abaa8a5897","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Information, Vol 11, Iss 4, p 226 (2020)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2078-2489/11/4/226/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/info11040226","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Information","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/info11040226","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info11040226","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/11/4/226/pdf?version=1587304582","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219776","display_name":"Information","issn_l":"2078-2489","issn":["2078-2489"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.6899999976158142}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3016398513.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3016398513.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":36,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1983350566","https://openalex.org/W1987343861","https://openalex.org/W2046762216","https://openalex.org/W2076005186","https://openalex.org/W2081566247","https://openalex.org/W2088195248","https://openalex.org/W2089501235","https://openalex.org/W2132470430","https://openalex.org/W2142464062","https://openalex.org/W2165203444","https://openalex.org/W2174534609","https://openalex.org/W2206930994","https://openalex.org/W2248010213","https://openalex.org/W2294884412","https://openalex.org/W2462291479","https://openalex.org/W2464527493","https://openalex.org/W2472273943","https://openalex.org/W2517554402","https://openalex.org/W2529741607","https://openalex.org/W2530520848","https://openalex.org/W2564765197","https://openalex.org/W2568519526","https://openalex.org/W2594545484","https://openalex.org/W2598570147","https://openalex.org/W2605830208","https://openalex.org/W2746208246","https://openalex.org/W2766868043","https://openalex.org/W2783134749","https://openalex.org/W2791092156","https://openalex.org/W2922223573","https://openalex.org/W2963795407","https://openalex.org/W3006486026","https://openalex.org/W3016392643","https://openalex.org/W3098405735","https://openalex.org/W3125535900","https://openalex.org/W6673105695"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1984179778","https://openalex.org/W2363573290","https://openalex.org/W2359600231","https://openalex.org/W4285338599","https://openalex.org/W2380019117","https://openalex.org/W3138952546","https://openalex.org/W1987886368","https://openalex.org/W1660309994","https://openalex.org/W2369187583","https://openalex.org/W3197207153"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Unmanned":[0],"aerial":[1],"vehicles":[2],"(UAVs)":[3],"received":[4],"an":[5],"unprecedented":[6],"surge":[7],"of":[8,21,39,67,145,162,169,182,192],"people\u2019s":[9],"interest":[10],"worldwide":[11],"in":[12,52],"recent":[13],"years.":[14],"This":[15],"paper":[16],"investigates":[17],"the":[18,29,37,40,45,88,111,132,147,160,180,190,193],"specific":[19],"problem":[20],"cooperative":[22,172,195,199],"mission":[23,42,55,58,196],"planning":[24,43,56,197],"for":[25,117,138,150,202],"multiple":[26,99,136,151,203],"UAVs":[27,152,183],"on":[28],"battlefield":[30],"from":[31],"a":[32,75,82,102,118,122,139,163,171],"hierarchical":[33,76],"decision-making":[34,77],"perspective.":[35],"From":[36],"view":[38],"actual":[41],"issue,":[44],"two":[46],"key":[47],"problems":[48,69],"to":[49,86,109,130,158],"be":[50,154],"solved":[51],"UAV":[53],"collaborative":[54,164],"are":[57,70],"allocation":[59],"and":[60,198],"route":[61],"planning.":[62],"In":[63,156],"this":[64],"paper,":[65],"both":[66],"these":[68],"taken":[71],"into":[72,91],"account":[73],"via":[74],"model.":[78],"Firstly,":[79],"we":[80],"use":[81],"target":[83,92,96,115],"clustering":[84],"algorithm":[85,106,126],"divide":[87],"original":[89],"targets":[90,137],"subgroups,":[93],"where":[94],"each":[95],"subgroup":[97],"contains":[98],"targets.":[100],"Secondly,":[101],"fuzzy":[103,123],"ant":[104,124],"colony":[105,125],"is":[107,127,175],"used":[108,129],"calculate":[110,131],"global":[112],"path":[113,134,149],"between":[114,135,166],"subgroups":[116],"single-target":[119,140],"group.":[120],"Thirdly,":[121],"also":[128],"local":[133],"subgroup.":[141],"After":[142],"three":[143],"levels":[144],"decision-making,":[146],"complete":[148],"can":[153,178],"obtained.":[155],"order":[157],"improve":[159],"efficiency":[161],"task":[165],"different":[167],"types":[168],"UAVs,":[170],"communication":[173,200],"strategy":[174,201],"developed,":[176],"which":[177],"reduce":[179],"number":[181],"performing":[184],"tasks.":[185],"Finally,":[186],"experimental":[187],"results":[188],"demonstrate":[189],"effectiveness":[191],"proposed":[194],"UAVs.":[204]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-03-04T09:10:02.777135","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
