{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3005770759","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info11020106","title":"Outpatient Text Classification Using Attention-Based Bidirectional LSTM for Robot-Assisted Servicing in Hospital","display_name":"Outpatient Text Classification Using Attention-Based Bidirectional LSTM for Robot-Assisted Servicing in Hospital","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-02-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3005770759","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info11020106","mag":"3005770759"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/info11020106","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info11020106","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/11/2/106/pdf?version=1581904051","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219776","display_name":"Information","issn_l":"2078-2489","issn":["2078-2489"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/11/2/106/pdf?version=1581904051","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088258873","display_name":"Che-Wen Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3408-3444"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91807558","display_name":"National Cheng Kung University","ror":"https://ror.org/01b8kcc49","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91807558"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Che-Wen Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3408-3444","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91807558"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000171798","display_name":"Shih-Pang Tseng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3714-9119"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210108723","display_name":"Changzhou Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/020mrfq61","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210108723"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shih-Pang Tseng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Software Department, Changzhou College of Information Technology, Changzhou 213164, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Software Department, Changzhou College of Information Technology, Changzhou 213164, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210108723"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017800511","display_name":"Ta-Wen Kuan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0789-3716"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I14894300","display_name":"Foshan University","ror":"https://ror.org/02xvvvp28","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I14894300"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ta-Wen Kuan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of AI, Guangdong and Taiwan, Foshan University, Foshan 528000, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of AI, Guangdong and Taiwan, Foshan University, Foshan 528000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I14894300"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088136847","display_name":"Jhing-Fa Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-2816-2480"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91807558","display_name":"National Cheng Kung University","ror":"https://ror.org/01b8kcc49","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91807558"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jhing-Fa Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91807558"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5088258873"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91807558"],"apc_list":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"apc_paid":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"fwci":6.9365,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":72,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97497881,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":"2","first_page":"106","last_page":"106"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10664","display_name":"Sentiment Analysis and Opinion Mining","score":0.9847999811172485,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11550","display_name":"Text and Document Classification Technologies","score":0.9847999811172485,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dialog-box","display_name":"Dialog box","score":0.7633168697357178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6564520597457886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/casual","display_name":"Casual","score":0.6164748072624207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6033787131309509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robot","display_name":"Robot","score":0.6026726365089417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/service","display_name":"Service (business)","score":0.5803508758544922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.5601187348365784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.48481765389442444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/outpatient-clinic","display_name":"Outpatient clinic","score":0.42749056220054626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3614638149738312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.2738792300224304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.26613500714302063}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173853756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q86915","display_name":"Dialog box","level":2,"score":0.7633168697357178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6564520597457886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781426162","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2275793","display_name":"Casual","level":2,"score":0.6164748072624207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6033787131309509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90509273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11012","display_name":"Robot","level":2,"score":0.6026726365089417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780378061","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25351891","display_name":"Service (business)","level":2,"score":0.5803508758544922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.5601187348365784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.48481765389442444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020110884","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q695416","display_name":"Outpatient clinic","level":2,"score":0.42749056220054626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3614638149738312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.2738792300224304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.26613500714302063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136264566","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159810","display_name":"Economy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/info11020106","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info11020106","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/11/2/106/pdf?version=1581904051","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219776","display_name":"Information","issn_l":"2078-2489","issn":["2078-2489"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:d5e31bd62c8b4410a8f512b1895e6eb3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/d5e31bd62c8b4410a8f512b1895e6eb3","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Information, Vol 11, Iss 2, p 106 (2020)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2078-2489/11/2/106/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/info11020106","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Information","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/info11020106","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info11020106","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/11/2/106/pdf?version=1581904051","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219776","display_name":"Information","issn_l":"2078-2489","issn":["2078-2489"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7900000214576721,"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":38,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1550206324","https://openalex.org/W1810499140","https://openalex.org/W1832693441","https://openalex.org/W1992851788","https://openalex.org/W1995258314","https://openalex.org/W1998257453","https://openalex.org/W2046858834","https://openalex.org/W2064675550","https://openalex.org/W2078396547","https://openalex.org/W2083904676","https://openalex.org/W2086004682","https://openalex.org/W2096152098","https://openalex.org/W2101234009","https://openalex.org/W2104210067","https://openalex.org/W2107878631","https://openalex.org/W2116435618","https://openalex.org/W2131444840","https://openalex.org/W2149684865","https://openalex.org/W2165612380","https://openalex.org/W2242874043","https://openalex.org/W2366961219","https://openalex.org/W2505312721","https://openalex.org/W2790782975","https://openalex.org/W2809485883","https://openalex.org/W2884970730","https://openalex.org/W2918745263","https://openalex.org/W2962988122","https://openalex.org/W2963908579","https://openalex.org/W2967475656","https://openalex.org/W2968915073","https://openalex.org/W2971222421","https://openalex.org/W2972838552","https://openalex.org/W4255164308","https://openalex.org/W6675354045","https://openalex.org/W6678087030","https://openalex.org/W6691431627","https://openalex.org/W6713134421","https://openalex.org/W6761806476"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1005754617","https://openalex.org/W756683672","https://openalex.org/W2979523788","https://openalex.org/W2014044877","https://openalex.org/W3141514971","https://openalex.org/W1673318806","https://openalex.org/W2166929399","https://openalex.org/W3124834840","https://openalex.org/W3215211012","https://openalex.org/W2490317329"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,39,95],"general,":[1],"patients":[2],"who":[3],"are":[4,23],"unwell":[5],"do":[6],"not":[7],"know":[8],"with":[9],"which":[10,55,89],"outpatient":[11,61,69],"department":[12],"they":[13,22,91],"should":[14,92],"register,":[15],"and":[16,36,83,132],"can":[17,74,86],"only":[18],"get":[19],"advice":[20],"after":[21],"diagnosed":[24],"by":[25],"a":[26,32,80],"family":[27],"doctor.":[28],"This":[29],"may":[30],"cause":[31],"waste":[33],"of":[34,98,104,149],"time":[35],"medical":[37],"resources.":[38],"this":[40],"paper,":[41],"we":[42],"propose":[43],"an":[44],"attention-based":[45],"bidirectional":[46],"long":[47],"short-term":[48],"memory":[49,139],"(Att-BiLSTM)":[50],"model":[51],"for":[52],"service":[53,81],"robots,":[54],"has":[56],"the":[57,68,84,96,99,107,114,123,126,136,147,150],"ability":[58,148],"to":[59,64,79,134,152,154],"classify":[60],"categories":[62],"according":[63],"textual":[65],"content.":[66],"With":[67],"text":[70,103,128],"classification":[71],"system,":[72],"users":[73,105],"talk":[75],"about":[76],"their":[77],"situation":[78],"robot":[82,85,151],"tell":[87],"them":[88],"clinic":[90],"register":[93],"with.":[94],"implementation":[97],"proposed":[100],"method,":[101],"dialog":[102,127],"in":[106,125],"Taiwan":[108],"E":[109],"Hospital":[110],"were":[111],"collected":[112],"as":[113],"training":[115],"data":[116],"set.":[117],"Through":[118],"natural":[119],"language":[120],"processing":[121],"(NLP),":[122],"information":[124],"was":[129],"extracted,":[130],"sorted,":[131],"converted":[133],"train":[135],"long-short":[137],"term":[138],"(LSTM)":[140],"deep":[141],"learning":[142],"model.":[143],"Experimental":[144],"results":[145],"verify":[146],"respond":[153],"questions":[155],"autonomously":[156],"through":[157],"acquired":[158],"casual":[159],"knowledge.":[160]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}