{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3004977590","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info11020094","title":"Similarity Analysis of Learning Interests among Majors Using Complex Networks","display_name":"Similarity Analysis of Learning Interests among Majors Using Complex Networks","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-02-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3004977590","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info11020094","mag":"3004977590"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/info11020094","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info11020094","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/11/2/94/pdf?version=1582889423","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219776","display_name":"Information","issn_l":"2078-2489","issn":["2078-2489"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/11/2/94/pdf?version=1582889423","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100381927","display_name":"Qiang Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6504-9089"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I68986083","display_name":"Northwest Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/00gx3j908","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I68986083"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qiang Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science &amp; Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6504-9089","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science &amp; Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I68986083"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100381927","display_name":"Qiang Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6504-9089"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I68986083","display_name":"Northwest Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/00gx3j908","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I68986083"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Qiang Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science &amp; Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6504-9089","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science &amp; Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I68986083"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000049127","display_name":"Xujuan Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5061-0913"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I68986083","display_name":"Northwest Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/00gx3j908","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I68986083"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xujuan Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science &amp; Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China","Northwest Normal University Library, Lanzhou 730070, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science &amp; Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I68986083"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Northwest Normal University Library, Lanzhou 730070, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I68986083"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100965372","display_name":"Linli Gong","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I68986083","display_name":"Northwest Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/00gx3j908","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I68986083"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Linli Gong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Northwest Normal University Library, Lanzhou 730070, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Northwest Normal University Library, Lanzhou 730070, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I68986083"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100363791","display_name":"Zhigang Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7164-1049"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I68986083","display_name":"Northwest Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/00gx3j908","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I68986083"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhigang Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Northwest Normal University Library, Lanzhou 730070, China","College of Computer Science &amp; Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Northwest Normal University Library, Lanzhou 730070, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I68986083"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science &amp; Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I68986083"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100375549","display_name":"Qingqing Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2592-3314"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I68986083","display_name":"Northwest Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/00gx3j908","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I68986083"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qingqing Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science &amp; Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science &amp; Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I68986083"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100375549","display_name":"Qingqing Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2592-3314"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I68986083","display_name":"Northwest Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/00gx3j908","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I68986083"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Qingqing Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science &amp; Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science &amp; Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I68986083"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046558187","display_name":"Wanghu Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9233-7609"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I68986083","display_name":"Northwest Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/00gx3j908","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I68986083"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wanghu Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science &amp; Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science &amp; Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I68986083"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100375549","https://openalex.org/A5100381927"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I68986083"],"apc_list":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"apc_paid":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"fwci":0.1167,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.36988514,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":"2","first_page":"94","last_page":"94"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10064","display_name":"Complex Network Analysis Techniques","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10064","display_name":"Complex Network Analysis Techniques","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12592","display_name":"Opinion Dynamics and Social Influence","score":0.972599983215332,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11122","display_name":"Online Learning and Analytics","score":0.9484000205993652,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/similarity","display_name":"Similarity (geometry)","score":0.8819509148597717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics-education","display_name":"Mathematics education","score":0.5424453020095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scale","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","score":0.49880409240722656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.46443161368370056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.4033811688423157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.35328438878059387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/topology","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","score":0.3240281939506531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.22719645500183105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.11633932590484619}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103278499","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q254465","display_name":"Similarity (geometry)","level":3,"score":0.8819509148597717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.5424453020095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.49880409240722656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.46443161368370056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.4033811688423157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.35328438878059387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184720557","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7825049","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","level":2,"score":0.3240281939506531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.22719645500183105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.11633932590484619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/info11020094","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info11020094","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/11/2/94/pdf?version=1582889423","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219776","display_name":"Information","issn_l":"2078-2489","issn":["2078-2489"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:2cadf563009b416cb5a5f79ca12cd2b7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/2cadf563009b416cb5a5f79ca12cd2b7","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Information, Vol 11, Iss 2, p 94 (2020)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2078-2489/11/2/94/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/info11020094","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Information","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/info11020094","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info11020094","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/11/2/94/pdf?version=1582889423","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219776","display_name":"Information","issn_l":"2078-2489","issn":["2078-2489"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6399999856948853,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1146167558","display_name":"\u6821\u56ed\u591a\u5143\u884c\u4e3a\u4e2d\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u6316\u6398\u3001\u805a\u7c7b\u53ca\u6f14\u53d8\u95ee\u9898\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"61967013","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6763219854","display_name":"\u57fa\u4e8e\u793e\u4f1a\u611f\u77e5\u8ba1\u7b97\u7684\u516c\u4f17\u73af\u5883\u611f\u77e5\u4e0e\u65f6\u7a7a\u884c\u4e3a\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"71764025","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3004977590.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3004977590.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W349978766","https://openalex.org/W1504939813","https://openalex.org/W1587991452","https://openalex.org/W2045289948","https://openalex.org/W2060143576","https://openalex.org/W2099334475","https://openalex.org/W2112090702","https://openalex.org/W2149055390","https://openalex.org/W2155296977","https://openalex.org/W2349804813","https://openalex.org/W2371211073","https://openalex.org/W2381070620","https://openalex.org/W2737782874","https://openalex.org/W2744814181","https://openalex.org/W2901699648","https://openalex.org/W2952762484","https://openalex.org/W2980998562","https://openalex.org/W2990437786","https://openalex.org/W6741502709"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2375480909","https://openalex.org/W2353314428","https://openalex.org/W2012019886","https://openalex.org/W2166090428","https://openalex.org/W2381021552","https://openalex.org/W2354749003","https://openalex.org/W2377121353","https://openalex.org/W2350529538","https://openalex.org/W2076713575","https://openalex.org/W2014996787"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"At":[0],"present,":[1],"multi-specialization":[2],"cross":[3],"integration":[4],"is":[5,31],"the":[6,42,59,71,126,132,139,159,173,178,183,195,204,207],"new":[7],"trend":[8],"for":[9],"high-level":[10],"personnel":[11],"training":[12],"and":[13,15,67,123,147,154,158,185,209],"scientific":[14],"technological":[16],"innovation.":[17],"A":[18,90],"similarity":[19,87,127],"analysis":[20],"of":[21,37,51,62,93,107,120,125,162,172,180,182,213],"learning":[22,54,95,108,190],"interests":[23,55,96,109],"among":[24,56,88,97,112,128],"specializations":[25,98],"based":[26,193],"on":[27,86,194],"book":[28,44],"borrowing":[29,60,196],"behavior":[30,103],"proposed":[32],"in":[33,198],"this":[34,79],"paper.":[35],"Students":[36],"different":[38,129],"majors":[39,84,113,130,150,161,181],"that":[40,138],"borrow":[41],"same":[43],"can":[45],"be":[46],"regarded":[47],"as":[48,76,145],"a":[49,115,186,199,214],"way":[50],"measuring":[52],"similar":[53,94,200],"majors.":[57],"Considering":[58],"data":[61],"75":[63,160],"majors,":[64],"14,600":[65],"undergraduates,":[66],"280,000":[68],"books":[69],"at":[70],"Northwest":[72],"Normal":[73],"University":[74],"(NWNU),":[75],"an":[77,155],"example,":[78],"study":[80,136,174],"classified":[81],"readers":[82],"into":[83],"depending":[85],"students.":[89],"complex":[91],"network":[92,116,121,142,201],"was":[99,143,192],"constructed":[100],"using":[101],"group":[102],"data.":[104],"The":[105,135,170],"characteristics":[106,208],"were":[110,175],"revealed":[111],"through":[114],"topology":[117],"analysis,":[118],"importance":[119],"nodes,":[122],"calculation":[124],"by":[131],"Louvain":[133],"algorithm.":[134],"concluded":[137],"major":[140,167,189],"co-occurrence":[141],"characterized":[144],"scale-free":[146],"small-world;":[148],"most":[149],"had":[151],"mutual":[152],"communication":[153],"infiltrating":[156],"relationship,":[157],"NWNU":[163],"may":[164],"form":[165],"six":[166],"interest":[168,197],"groups.":[169],"conclusions":[171],"related":[176],"to":[177,202],"development":[179],"university,":[184],"match":[187],"between":[188,206],"communities":[191],"reflect":[203],"relationship":[205],"internal":[210],"operating":[211],"rules":[212],"major.":[215]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-20T07:56:41.581041","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
