{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3001384475","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info11020067","title":"Towards Language Service Creation and Customization for Low-Resource Languages","display_name":"Towards Language Service Creation and Customization for Low-Resource Languages","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-01-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3001384475","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info11020067","mag":"3001384475"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/info11020067","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info11020067","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/11/2/67/pdf?version=1582716953","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219776","display_name":"Information","issn_l":"2078-2489","issn":["2078-2489"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/11/2/67/pdf?version=1582716953","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012774046","display_name":"Donghui Lin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9462-0216"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I22299242","display_name":"Kyoto University","ror":"https://ror.org/02kpeqv85","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I22299242"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Donghui Lin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Social Informatics, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Social Informatics, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I22299242"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080484251","display_name":"Yohei Murakami","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135768898","display_name":"Ritsumeikan University","ror":"https://ror.org/0197nmd03","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135768898","https://openalex.org/I4390039241"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yohei Murakami","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Information Science and Engineering, Ritsumeikan University, Shiga 525-8577, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Information Science and Engineering, Ritsumeikan University, Shiga 525-8577, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135768898"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100678332","display_name":"Toru Ishida","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0479-4990"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150744194","display_name":"Waseda University","ror":"https://ror.org/00ntfnx83","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150744194"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Toru Ishida","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Creative Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Creative Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150744194"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5012774046"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I22299242"],"apc_list":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"apc_paid":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"fwci":0.8346,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.7969384,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":"2","first_page":"67","last_page":"67"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10679","display_name":"Service-Oriented Architecture and Web Services","score":0.9975000023841858,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10679","display_name":"Service-Oriented Architecture and Web Services","score":0.9975000023841858,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9891999959945679,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12016","display_name":"Web Data Mining and Analysis","score":0.98089998960495,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8081940412521362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resource","display_name":"Resource (disambiguation)","score":0.6374269723892212},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/personalization","display_name":"Personalization","score":0.6305394172668457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/service","display_name":"Service (business)","score":0.5340330600738525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bilingual-dictionary","display_name":"Bilingual dictionary","score":0.4897286891937256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/constructed-language","display_name":"Constructed language","score":0.4548623263835907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/low-level-programming-language","display_name":"Low-level programming language","score":0.437759667634964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.4034298360347748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-engineering","display_name":"Software engineering","score":0.37384146451950073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.3088773488998413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.2562432289123535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.17983362078666687}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8081940412521362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206345919","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20380951","display_name":"Resource (disambiguation)","level":2,"score":0.6374269723892212},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C183003079","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1000371","display_name":"Personalization","level":2,"score":0.6305394172668457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780378061","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25351891","display_name":"Service (business)","level":2,"score":0.5340330600738525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779235283","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2640207","display_name":"Bilingual dictionary","level":2,"score":0.4897286891937256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94922259","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33215","display_name":"Constructed language","level":2,"score":0.4548623263835907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124577441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q558937","display_name":"Low-level programming language","level":5,"score":0.437759667634964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.4034298360347748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.37384146451950073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.3088773488998413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2562432289123535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.17983362078666687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136264566","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159810","display_name":"Economy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34165917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188267","display_name":"Programming paradigm","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119263510","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7248501","display_name":"Programming domain","level":4,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50033165","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15712089","display_name":"Inductive programming","level":3,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/info11020067","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info11020067","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/11/2/67/pdf?version=1582716953","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219776","display_name":"Information","issn_l":"2078-2489","issn":["2078-2489"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:4e02c44a515840c9980c594ed51658e8","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/4e02c44a515840c9980c594ed51658e8","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Information, Vol 11, Iss 2, p 67 (2020)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2078-2489/11/2/67/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/info11020067","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Information","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/info11020067","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info11020067","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/11/2/67/pdf?version=1582716953","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219776","display_name":"Information","issn_l":"2078-2489","issn":["2078-2489"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1497948178","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Grant-in-Aid for Young Scientists (A)","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","funder_display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2256499016","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Grant-in-Aid for Young Scientists (","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","funder_display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G267258101","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Scientific Research (B)","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","funder_display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2983449479","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Scientific Research","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","funder_display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3236194794","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Grant-in-Aid","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","funder_display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3348058139","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Grant-in-Aid for Young Scien","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","funder_display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3459562248","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Grant","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","funder_display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4269490780","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A)","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","funder_display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4332612392","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"18H03341","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","funder_display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4367772926","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Grant-in-Aid for Young Scientists","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","funder_display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4874944895","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"-in-Aid","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","funder_display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5256887504","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS)","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","funder_display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5622680838","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"17H04706","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","funder_display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6216801417","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","funder_display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6891297873","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2018-2020","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","funder_display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7167128334","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Researc","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","funder_display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7337825077","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Grant-in-Aid for Sc","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","funder_display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7752643416","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Japan","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","funder_display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7919145099","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"17H00759","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","funder_display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8759943101","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"rant-in-Aid for Scientific Research","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","funder_display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","ror":"https://ror.org/00hhkn466"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3001384475.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3001384475.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":47,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W70050165","https://openalex.org/W109680948","https://openalex.org/W113606665","https://openalex.org/W154303080","https://openalex.org/W164035276","https://openalex.org/W291725492","https://openalex.org/W1519942606","https://openalex.org/W1630726320","https://openalex.org/W1785101966","https://openalex.org/W1992297672","https://openalex.org/W2006085521","https://openalex.org/W2007898830","https://openalex.org/W2044138293","https://openalex.org/W2091889711","https://openalex.org/W2092670679","https://openalex.org/W2133530649","https://openalex.org/W2162302090","https://openalex.org/W2243775030","https://openalex.org/W2251024597","https://openalex.org/W2251117086","https://openalex.org/W2251904602","https://openalex.org/W2292087804","https://openalex.org/W2337363174","https://openalex.org/W2344208631","https://openalex.org/W2401430117","https://openalex.org/W2494423583","https://openalex.org/W2497534763","https://openalex.org/W2740659896","https://openalex.org/W2741986357","https://openalex.org/W2766894774","https://openalex.org/W2770789184","https://openalex.org/W2786790428","https://openalex.org/W2788804512","https://openalex.org/W2806083224","https://openalex.org/W2806851206","https://openalex.org/W2807669488","https://openalex.org/W2807684985","https://openalex.org/W2810333617","https://openalex.org/W2916841288","https://openalex.org/W2946426362","https://openalex.org/W2952098041","https://openalex.org/W2963088995","https://openalex.org/W2963993537","https://openalex.org/W2977863446","https://openalex.org/W3122255303","https://openalex.org/W3168054529","https://openalex.org/W7045913496"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2109940557","https://openalex.org/W2466832359","https://openalex.org/W4391210591","https://openalex.org/W1582019636","https://openalex.org/W1499005795","https://openalex.org/W3172493050","https://openalex.org/W4385420271","https://openalex.org/W4312192618","https://openalex.org/W2593798266","https://openalex.org/W1849651812"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"most":[1],"challenging":[2],"issue":[3],"with":[4],"low-resource":[5,25,78,114],"languages":[6,26,116],"is":[7],"the":[8,29,51,61,71,74,88],"difficulty":[9],"of":[10,34,65,73,92,106],"obtaining":[11],"enough":[12],"language":[13,21,49,57,66,93],"resources.":[14,67],"In":[15],"this":[16,42],"paper,":[17],"we":[18,44,81,84,96],"propose":[19],"a":[20,47,103],"service":[22],"framework":[23],"for":[24,113],"that":[27],"enables":[28],"automatic":[30],"creation":[31],"and":[32,63,90,108,117],"customization":[33,91],"new":[35,56],"resources":[36],"from":[37],"existing":[38],"ones.":[39],"To":[40],"achieve":[41],"goal,":[43],"first":[45],"introduce":[46],"service-oriented":[48],"infrastructure,":[50],"Language":[52,75],"Grid;":[53],"it":[54],"realizes":[55],"services":[58],"by":[59,101],"supporting":[60],"sharing":[62],"combining":[64],"We":[68],"then":[69],"show":[70],"applicability":[72],"Grid":[76],"to":[77],"languages.":[79,120],"Furthermore,":[80],"describe":[82],"how":[83],"can":[85],"now":[86],"realize":[87],"automation":[89],"services.":[94],"Finally,":[95],"illustrate":[97],"our":[98],"design":[99],"concept":[100],"detailing":[102],"case":[104],"study":[105],"automating":[107],"customizing":[109],"bilingual":[110],"dictionary":[111],"induction":[112],"Turkic":[115],"Indonesian":[118],"ethnic":[119]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-04-10T15:06:20.359241","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
