{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2998125146","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info11010015","title":"Radar Emitter Identification under Transfer Learning and Online Learning","display_name":"Radar Emitter Identification under Transfer Learning and Online Learning","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-12-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2998125146","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info11010015","mag":"2998125146"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/info11010015","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info11010015","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/11/1/15/pdf?version=1577262628","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219776","display_name":"Information","issn_l":"2078-2489","issn":["2078-2489"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/11/1/15/pdf?version=1577262628","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027569630","display_name":"Yuntian Feng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1882-1005"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4391767685","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Complex Electromagnetic Environment Effects on Electronics and Information System","ror":"https://ror.org/012ajw921","country_code":null,"type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575","https://openalex.org/I4391767685"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210124847","display_name":"National Engineering Research Center of Electromagnetic Radiation Control Materials","ror":"https://ror.org/02k4dcs46","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210124847"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yuntian Feng","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Lab. of Complex Electromagnetic Environment Effects on Electronics and Information System, Luoyang 471003, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Lab. of Complex Electromagnetic Environment Effects on Electronics and Information System, Luoyang 471003, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210124847","https://openalex.org/I4391767685"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020547709","display_name":"Yanjie Cheng","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4391767685","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Complex Electromagnetic Environment Effects on Electronics and Information System","ror":"https://ror.org/012ajw921","country_code":null,"type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575","https://openalex.org/I4391767685"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210124847","display_name":"National Engineering Research Center of Electromagnetic Radiation Control Materials","ror":"https://ror.org/02k4dcs46","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210124847"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yanjie Cheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Lab. of Complex Electromagnetic Environment Effects on Electronics and Information System, Luoyang 471003, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Lab. of Complex Electromagnetic Environment Effects on Electronics and Information System, Luoyang 471003, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210124847","https://openalex.org/I4391767685"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100621253","display_name":"Guoliang Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4880-0333"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210124847","display_name":"National Engineering Research Center of Electromagnetic Radiation Control Materials","ror":"https://ror.org/02k4dcs46","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210124847"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4391767685","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Complex Electromagnetic Environment Effects on Electronics and Information System","ror":"https://ror.org/012ajw921","country_code":null,"type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575","https://openalex.org/I4391767685"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guoliang Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Lab. of Complex Electromagnetic Environment Effects on Electronics and Information System, Luoyang 471003, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Lab. of Complex Electromagnetic Environment Effects on Electronics and Information System, Luoyang 471003, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210124847","https://openalex.org/I4391767685"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102953701","display_name":"Xiong Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3510-4160"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4391767685","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Complex Electromagnetic Environment Effects on Electronics and Information System","ror":"https://ror.org/012ajw921","country_code":null,"type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575","https://openalex.org/I4391767685"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210124847","display_name":"National Engineering Research Center of Electromagnetic Radiation Control Materials","ror":"https://ror.org/02k4dcs46","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210124847"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiong Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Lab. of Complex Electromagnetic Environment Effects on Electronics and Information System, Luoyang 471003, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Lab. of Complex Electromagnetic Environment Effects on Electronics and Information System, Luoyang 471003, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210124847","https://openalex.org/I4391767685"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101580391","display_name":"Hui Han","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6295-5908"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4391767685","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Complex Electromagnetic Environment Effects on Electronics and Information System","ror":"https://ror.org/012ajw921","country_code":null,"type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575","https://openalex.org/I4391767685"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210124847","display_name":"National Engineering Research Center of Electromagnetic Radiation Control Materials","ror":"https://ror.org/02k4dcs46","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210124847"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hui Han","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Lab. of Complex Electromagnetic Environment Effects on Electronics and Information System, Luoyang 471003, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Lab. of Complex Electromagnetic Environment Effects on Electronics and Information System, Luoyang 471003, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210124847","https://openalex.org/I4391767685"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070429066","display_name":"Ruowu Wu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4391767685","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Complex Electromagnetic Environment Effects on Electronics and Information System","ror":"https://ror.org/012ajw921","country_code":null,"type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575","https://openalex.org/I4391767685"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210124847","display_name":"National Engineering Research Center of Electromagnetic Radiation Control Materials","ror":"https://ror.org/02k4dcs46","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210124847"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ruowu Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Lab. of Complex Electromagnetic Environment Effects on Electronics and Information System, Luoyang 471003, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Lab. of Complex Electromagnetic Environment Effects on Electronics and Information System, Luoyang 471003, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210124847","https://openalex.org/I4391767685"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5027569630"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210124847","https://openalex.org/I4391767685"],"apc_list":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"apc_paid":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"fwci":0.28,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.67414984,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":"1","first_page":"15","last_page":"15"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12131","display_name":"Wireless Signal Modulation Classification","score":0.9973000288009644,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12131","display_name":"Wireless Signal Modulation Classification","score":0.9973000288009644,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11609","display_name":"Geophysical Methods and Applications","score":0.9934999942779541,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11307","display_name":"Domain Adaptation and Few-Shot Learning","score":0.989799976348877,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7544240951538086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identification","display_name":"Identification (biology)","score":0.748712420463562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transfer-of-learning","display_name":"Transfer of learning","score":0.6836703419685364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.6755650043487549},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6140810251235962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.4885655343532562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/common-emitter","display_name":"Common emitter","score":0.46678388118743896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/domain","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","score":0.457680881023407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.3619493246078491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.3512363135814667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.1411568522453308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.10899311304092407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.10392579436302185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.07364857196807861}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7544240951538086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.748712420463562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150899416","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1820378","display_name":"Transfer of learning","level":2,"score":0.6836703419685364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.6755650043487549},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6140810251235962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.4885655343532562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46918542","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1648344","display_name":"Common emitter","level":2,"score":0.46678388118743896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36503486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11235244","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.457680881023407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3619493246078491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3512363135814667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1411568522453308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.10899311304092407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.10392579436302185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.07364857196807861},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/info11010015","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info11010015","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/11/1/15/pdf?version=1577262628","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219776","display_name":"Information","issn_l":"2078-2489","issn":["2078-2489"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:732e623ef956499c958cc17c61283997","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/732e623ef956499c958cc17c61283997","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Information, Vol 11, Iss 1, p 15 (2019)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2078-2489/11/1/15/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/info11010015","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Information","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/info11010015","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info11010015","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/11/1/15/pdf?version=1577262628","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219776","display_name":"Information","issn_l":"2078-2489","issn":["2078-2489"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.4099999964237213,"display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2998125146.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2998125146.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1479738320","https://openalex.org/W1488457684","https://openalex.org/W1966771059","https://openalex.org/W2066526775","https://openalex.org/W2077723394","https://openalex.org/W2107422473","https://openalex.org/W2131148434","https://openalex.org/W2165698076","https://openalex.org/W2244008205","https://openalex.org/W2326253368","https://openalex.org/W2408432900","https://openalex.org/W2587635973","https://openalex.org/W4292022450","https://openalex.org/W6628999177","https://openalex.org/W6667142653","https://openalex.org/W6714150371"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W963760361","https://openalex.org/W2790856699","https://openalex.org/W2606779610","https://openalex.org/W1545597883","https://openalex.org/W2168136726","https://openalex.org/W2161807425","https://openalex.org/W2768934133","https://openalex.org/W2363778638","https://openalex.org/W2302528478","https://openalex.org/W2369082374"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"At":[0],"present,":[1],"there":[2],"are":[3],"two":[4],"main":[5],"problems":[6],"in":[7,121,151],"the":[8,17,28,34,51,55,60,80,83,94,100,116,122,125,130,133,141,148,152,157,164,185,191],"commonly":[9],"used":[10,98,145],"radar":[11,56,67,172],"emitter":[12,68,173],"identification":[13,29,36,53,69,123,165,174,203],"methods.":[14],"First,":[15,78],"when":[16],"distribution":[18],"of":[19,54,91,124,184],"training":[20,42,159],"data":[21,24],"and":[22,44,75,167,198,205],"testing":[23],"is":[25,31,97,144],"quite":[26],"different,":[27],"accuracy":[30,204],"low.":[32],"Second,":[33],"traditional":[35],"methods":[37],"usually":[38],"include":[39],"an":[40],"offline":[41],"stage":[43],"online":[45,76,178,199],"identifying":[46],"stage,":[47],"which":[48,110],"cannot":[49],"achieve":[50],"real-time":[52,182],"emitter.":[57],"Aimed":[58],"at":[59],"above":[61],"problems,":[62],"this":[63],"paper":[64],"proposes":[65],"a":[66,88,106,171],"method":[70,96],"based":[71,176,194],"on":[72,177,195],"transfer":[73,196],"learning":[74,102,179,197],"learning.":[77],"for":[79,129],"case":[81,131],"where":[82,132],"target":[84,126,134,153],"domain":[85,118,135,154],"contains":[86],"only":[87],"small":[89],"number":[90],"labeled":[92,139],"samples,":[93,140],"TrAdaBoost":[95],"as":[99],"basic":[101],"framework":[103],"to":[104,119,146,155,162,180],"train":[105],"support":[107],"vector":[108],"machine,":[109],"can":[111],"obtain":[112],"useful":[113],"knowledge":[114],"from":[115],"source":[117],"aid":[120],"domain.":[127],"Then,":[128],"does":[136],"not":[137],"contain":[138],"Expectation-Maximization":[142],"algorithm":[143],"filter":[147],"unlabeled":[149],"samples":[150],"generate":[156],"available":[158],"data.":[160],"Finally,":[161],"make":[163],"quickly":[166],"accurately,":[168],"we":[169],"propose":[170],"method,":[175,193],"ensure":[181],"updating":[183],"model.":[186],"Simulation":[187],"experiments":[188],"show":[189],"that":[190],"proposed":[192],"learning,":[200],"has":[201],"higher":[202],"good":[206],"timeliness.":[207]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
