{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2955481631","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info10060219","title":"Driving Style: How Should an Automated Vehicle Behave?","display_name":"Driving Style: How Should an Automated Vehicle Behave?","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-06-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2955481631","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info10060219","mag":"2955481631"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/info10060219","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info10060219","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/10/6/219/pdf?version=1561454152","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219776","display_name":"Information","issn_l":"2078-2489","issn":["2078-2489"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/10/6/219/pdf?version=1561454152","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006760504","display_name":"Luis Oliveira","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3732-6410"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39555362","display_name":"University of Warwick","ror":"https://ror.org/01a77tt86","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39555362"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Luis Oliveira","raw_affiliation_strings":["WMG, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"WMG, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39555362"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040573722","display_name":"Karl Proctor","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130198913","display_name":"Jaguar Land Rover (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/03b66v461","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130198913"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210127762","display_name":"Coventry (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/030nd5313","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210127762"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Karl Proctor","raw_affiliation_strings":["Jaguar Land Rover, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jaguar Land Rover, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130198913","https://openalex.org/I4210127762"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073303697","display_name":"Christopher Burns","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39555362","display_name":"University of Warwick","ror":"https://ror.org/01a77tt86","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39555362"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christopher G. Burns","raw_affiliation_strings":["WMG, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"WMG, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39555362"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091609010","display_name":"Stewart Birrell","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8778-4087"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39555362","display_name":"University of Warwick","ror":"https://ror.org/01a77tt86","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39555362"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stewart Birrell","raw_affiliation_strings":["WMG, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"WMG, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39555362"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5006760504"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39555362"],"apc_list":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"apc_paid":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"fwci":11.0669,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":78,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98662623,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":"6","first_page":"219","last_page":"219"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10525","display_name":"Human-Automation Interaction and Safety","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10525","display_name":"Human-Automation Interaction and Safety","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11099","display_name":"Autonomous Vehicle Technology and Safety","score":0.9916999936103821,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10370","display_name":"Traffic and Road Safety","score":0.9868000149726868,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2213","display_name":"Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/style","display_name":"Style (visual arts)","score":0.5587645769119263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5247619152069092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.4618157148361206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.39047515392303467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.353776752948761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/applied-psychology","display_name":"Applied psychology","score":0.3207404911518097}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776445246","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1792644","display_name":"Style (visual arts)","level":2,"score":0.5587645769119263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5247619152069092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.4618157148361206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.39047515392303467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.353776752948761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75630572","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q538904","display_name":"Applied psychology","level":1,"score":0.3207404911518097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/info10060219","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info10060219","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/10/6/219/pdf?version=1561454152","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219776","display_name":"Information","issn_l":"2078-2489","issn":["2078-2489"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.ed.ac.uk:publications/de600862-cb00-473d-98b4-7715cdc86ef2","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":"https://www.research.ed.ac.uk/en/publications/de600862-cb00-473d-98b4-7715cdc86ef2","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922455","display_name":"Edinburgh Research Explorer","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":""},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:d52170706dbb4ba6b32d9a7ba46cf484","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/d52170706dbb4ba6b32d9a7ba46cf484","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Information, Vol 10, Iss 6, p 219 (2019)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2078-2489/10/6/219/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/info10060219","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Information","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.ed.ac.uk:openaire/de600862-cb00-473d-98b4-7715cdc86ef2","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.research.ed.ac.uk/en/publications/de600862-cb00-473d-98b4-7715cdc86ef2","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400321","display_name":"Edinburgh Research Explorer (University of Edinburgh)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I98677209","host_organization_name":"University of Edinburgh","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Oliveira, L, Proctor, K, Burns, C G & Birrell, S 2019, 'Driving Style: How Should an Automated Vehicle Behave?', Information, vol. 10, no. 6, 219. https://doi.org/10.3390/info10060219","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.ed.ac.uk:publications/de600862-cb00-473d-98b4-7715cdc86ef2","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11820/de600862-cb00-473d-98b4-7715cdc86ef2","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400321","display_name":"Edinburgh Research Explorer (University of Edinburgh)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I98677209","host_organization_name":"University of Edinburgh","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Oliveira, L, Proctor, K, Burns, C G & Birrell, S 2019, 'Driving Style: How Should an Automated Vehicle Behave?', Information, vol. 10, no. 6, 219. https://doi.org/10.3390/info10060219","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/info10060219","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info10060219","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/10/6/219/pdf?version=1561454152","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219776","display_name":"Information","issn_l":"2078-2489","issn":["2078-2489"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.6399999856948853,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4045960605","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"1407","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335087","funder_display_name":"Innovate UK"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335087","display_name":"Innovate UK","ror":"https://ror.org/05ar5fy68"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2955481631.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2955481631.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":95,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W316935178","https://openalex.org/W1563932406","https://openalex.org/W1565828035","https://openalex.org/W1955305638","https://openalex.org/W1971796909","https://openalex.org/W1979290264","https://openalex.org/W1981725534","https://openalex.org/W1981856831","https://openalex.org/W1993904780","https://openalex.org/W2044140042","https://openalex.org/W2045128528","https://openalex.org/W2057932634","https://openalex.org/W2071899037","https://openalex.org/W2075314561","https://openalex.org/W2079496932","https://openalex.org/W2090403203","https://openalex.org/W2093573013","https://openalex.org/W2095239197","https://openalex.org/W2095953405","https://openalex.org/W2110171129","https://openalex.org/W2110727992","https://openalex.org/W2143074722","https://openalex.org/W2145015998","https://openalex.org/W2161054318","https://openalex.org/W2161383839","https://openalex.org/W2174896420","https://openalex.org/W2177363093","https://openalex.org/W2226396244","https://openalex.org/W2259684855","https://openalex.org/W2306644740","https://openalex.org/W2398174150","https://openalex.org/W2460227421","https://openalex.org/W2467953227","https://openalex.org/W2555895109","https://openalex.org/W2558786080","https://openalex.org/W2567789525","https://openalex.org/W2568360315","https://openalex.org/W2569098622","https://openalex.org/W2569439073","https://openalex.org/W2586864967","https://openalex.org/W2591962503","https://openalex.org/W2591972220","https://openalex.org/W2594678573","https://openalex.org/W2594908742","https://openalex.org/W2611025044","https://openalex.org/W2611440625","https://openalex.org/W2611494061","https://openalex.org/W2734666685","https://openalex.org/W2735275921","https://openalex.org/W2735990860","https://openalex.org/W2740339251","https://openalex.org/W2756874185","https://openalex.org/W2757876960","https://openalex.org/W2759132063","https://openalex.org/W2761435849","https://openalex.org/W2775450822","https://openalex.org/W2780878184","https://openalex.org/W2785859276","https://openalex.org/W2789370833","https://openalex.org/W2789968549","https://openalex.org/W2791167929","https://openalex.org/W2791639158","https://openalex.org/W2792763193","https://openalex.org/W2793604749","https://openalex.org/W2794693198","https://openalex.org/W2795538447","https://openalex.org/W2796055943","https://openalex.org/W2798648541","https://openalex.org/W2801497293","https://openalex.org/W2806637990","https://openalex.org/W2809629717","https://openalex.org/W2884688254","https://openalex.org/W2885303539","https://openalex.org/W2887896922","https://openalex.org/W2888079449","https://openalex.org/W2890784199","https://openalex.org/W2891235590","https://openalex.org/W2891535985","https://openalex.org/W2892121613","https://openalex.org/W2894922550","https://openalex.org/W2902480251","https://openalex.org/W2903578957","https://openalex.org/W2911486422","https://openalex.org/W2920644116","https://openalex.org/W2938497363","https://openalex.org/W2942274168","https://openalex.org/W2942678267","https://openalex.org/W2942726341","https://openalex.org/W2963165400","https://openalex.org/W2968081142","https://openalex.org/W2969741293","https://openalex.org/W3178590792","https://openalex.org/W4243342770","https://openalex.org/W6688961690","https://openalex.org/W6750118879"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2356229341","https://openalex.org/W2349768204","https://openalex.org/W2931662336","https://openalex.org/W2077865380","https://openalex.org/W2134894512","https://openalex.org/W2053487507","https://openalex.org/W2765597752","https://openalex.org/W2083375246","https://openalex.org/W4313326281"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,149],"article":[1],"reports":[2],"on":[3],"a":[4,40,47,65],"study":[5],"to":[6,24,43,46,68],"investigate":[7],"how":[8],"the":[9,70,84,104,121,143,156,167],"driving":[10,35,135,144,161],"behaviour":[11],"of":[12,27,142,160,169],"autonomous":[13,164],"vehicles":[14,78],"influences":[15],"trust":[16,102,114,173],"and":[17,79,81,131,137,158,174],"acceptance.":[18,175],"Two":[19],"different":[20],"designs":[21,119],"were":[22,110,129],"presented":[23],"two":[25,105],"groups":[26],"participants":[28,138],"(n":[29],"=":[30],"22/21),":[31],"using":[32],"actual":[33],"autonomously":[34],"vehicles.":[36],"The":[37,61],"first":[38],"was":[39,57,74,86],"vehicle":[41,66,106],"programmed":[42,67],"drive":[44],"similarly":[45],"human,":[48],"\u201cpeeking\u201d":[49],"when":[50],"approaching":[51],"road":[52],"junctions":[53],"as":[54,120],"if":[55,83],"it":[56,73],"looking":[58],"before":[59],"proceeding.":[60],"second":[62],"design":[63,157],"had":[64],"convey":[69],"impression":[71],"that":[72,127],"communicating":[75],"with":[76,166],"other":[77],"infrastructure":[80],"\u201cknew\u201d":[82],"junction":[85],"clear":[87],"so":[88],"could":[89,146],"proceed":[90],"without":[91],"ever":[92],"stopping":[93],"or":[94],"slowing":[95],"down.":[96],"Results":[97],"showed":[98],"non-significant":[99],"differences":[100],"in":[101,113],"between":[103],"behaviours.":[107],"However,":[108],"there":[109,128],"significant":[111],"increases":[112],"scores":[115],"overall":[116],"for":[117,133,155,163],"both":[118,134],"trials":[122],"progressed.":[123],"Post-interaction":[124],"interviews":[125],"indicated":[126],"pros":[130],"cons":[132],"styles,":[136],"suggested":[139],"which":[140],"aspects":[141],"styles":[145],"be":[147],"improved.":[148],"paper":[150],"presents":[151],"user":[152],"information":[153],"recommendations":[154],"programming":[159],"systems":[162],"vehicles,":[165],"aim":[168],"improving":[170],"their":[171],"users\u2019":[172]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-03-28T08:17:26.163206","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
