{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2922229739","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info10030113","title":"An Artificial Neural Network Approach to Forecast the Environmental Impact of Data Centers","display_name":"An Artificial Neural Network Approach to Forecast the Environmental Impact of Data Centers","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-03-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2922229739","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info10030113","mag":"2922229739"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/info10030113","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info10030113","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/10/3/113/pdf?version=1552545954","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219776","display_name":"Information","issn_l":"2078-2489","issn":["2078-2489"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/10/3/113/pdf?version=1552545954","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101500952","display_name":"Jo\u00e3o Ferreira","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4242-7961"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25112270","display_name":"Universidade Federal de Pernambuco","ror":"https://ror.org/047908t24","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25112270"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Joao Ferreira","raw_affiliation_strings":["Informatics Center, Cidade Universit\u00e1ria, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife 50740-560, Brazil"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Informatics Center, Cidade Universit\u00e1ria, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife 50740-560, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25112270"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009064591","display_name":"Gustavo Callou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7997-374X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I62921916","display_name":"Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco","ror":"https://ror.org/02ksmb993","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I62921916"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gustavo Callou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computing, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Dom Manuel de Medeiros, Dois Irm\u00e3os, Recife 52171-900, Brazil"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computing, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Dom Manuel de Medeiros, Dois Irm\u00e3os, Recife 52171-900, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62921916"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074607211","display_name":"Albert Josua","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I62885914","display_name":"Universidade Federal do Amazonas","ror":"https://ror.org/02263ky35","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I62885914"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Albert Josua","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Informatics, Federal University of Amazonas, Manaus 69020-120, Brazil"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Informatics, Federal University of Amazonas, Manaus 69020-120, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62885914"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000306618","display_name":"Dietmar Tutsch","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-6495-5128"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I167360494","display_name":"University of Wuppertal","ror":"https://ror.org/00613ak93","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I167360494"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dietmar Tutsch","raw_affiliation_strings":["Automation Technologye, Bergische Universit\u00e4t Wuppertal, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Automation Technologye, Bergische Universit\u00e4t Wuppertal, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I167360494"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054133174","display_name":"Paulo Maciel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3159-6065"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25112270","display_name":"Universidade Federal de Pernambuco","ror":"https://ror.org/047908t24","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25112270"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Paulo Maciel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Informatics Center, Cidade Universit\u00e1ria, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife 50740-560, Brazil"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Informatics Center, Cidade Universit\u00e1ria, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife 50740-560, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25112270"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101500952"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25112270"],"apc_list":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"apc_paid":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"fwci":1.2611,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":20,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.81060245,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":"3","first_page":"113","last_page":"113"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12095","display_name":"Vehicle emissions and performance","score":0.9855999946594238,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12095","display_name":"Vehicle emissions and performance","score":0.9855999946594238,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12238","display_name":"Green IT and Sustainability","score":0.9829000234603882,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12120","display_name":"Air Quality Monitoring and Forecasting","score":0.977400004863739,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electricity","display_name":"Electricity","score":0.7296940088272095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-center","display_name":"Data center","score":0.7201222777366638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-consumption","display_name":"Energy consumption","score":0.598010778427124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/work","display_name":"Work (physics)","score":0.5626494288444519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-economics","display_name":"Environmental economics","score":0.5518157482147217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/consumption","display_name":"Consumption (sociology)","score":0.5239205956459045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/china","display_name":"China","score":0.49566924571990967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electricity-generation","display_name":"Electricity generation","score":0.4937187135219574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.4727942645549774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coal","display_name":"Coal","score":0.4578998386859894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.35488688945770264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.35070517659187317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.24354088306427002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.2326033115386963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/waste-management","display_name":"Waste management","score":0.20113307237625122},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economics","display_name":"Economics","score":0.1660079061985016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.12869170308113098},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.09404486417770386}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206658404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12725","display_name":"Electricity","level":2,"score":0.7296940088272095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153740404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q671224","display_name":"Data center","level":2,"score":0.7201222777366638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780165032","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16869822","display_name":"Energy consumption","level":2,"score":0.598010778427124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.5626494288444519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134560507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q753291","display_name":"Environmental economics","level":1,"score":0.5518157482147217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30772137","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5164762","display_name":"Consumption (sociology)","level":2,"score":0.5239205956459045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191935318","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q148","display_name":"China","level":2,"score":0.49566924571990967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C423512","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q383973","display_name":"Electricity generation","level":3,"score":0.4937187135219574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.4727942645549774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C518851703","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q24489","display_name":"Coal","level":2,"score":0.4578998386859894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.35488688945770264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.35070517659187317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.24354088306427002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.2326033115386963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C548081761","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180388","display_name":"Waste management","level":1,"score":0.20113307237625122},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.1660079061985016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.12869170308113098},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.09404486417770386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/info10030113","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info10030113","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/10/3/113/pdf?version=1552545954","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219776","display_name":"Information","issn_l":"2078-2489","issn":["2078-2489"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:e04d6991cd17416a9f7e0d696bc57929","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/e04d6991cd17416a9f7e0d696bc57929","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Information, Vol 10, Iss 3, p 113 (2019)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2078-2489/10/3/113/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/info10030113","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Information","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/info10030113","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info10030113","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/10/3/113/pdf?version=1552545954","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219776","display_name":"Information","issn_l":"2078-2489","issn":["2078-2489"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.5699999928474426,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2922229739.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2922229739.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W18965947","https://openalex.org/W1574146411","https://openalex.org/W1977177161","https://openalex.org/W1994554996","https://openalex.org/W1995341919","https://openalex.org/W2017406207","https://openalex.org/W2111870780","https://openalex.org/W2117829824","https://openalex.org/W2125739093","https://openalex.org/W2143404402","https://openalex.org/W2566450758","https://openalex.org/W2601096366","https://openalex.org/W2612606128","https://openalex.org/W2798058877","https://openalex.org/W2800467185","https://openalex.org/W2802465900","https://openalex.org/W2898330284","https://openalex.org/W2900690355","https://openalex.org/W4214894150","https://openalex.org/W6600747705"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3049287101","https://openalex.org/W3188789063","https://openalex.org/W4214747436","https://openalex.org/W2187864172","https://openalex.org/W2070636482","https://openalex.org/W2598517480","https://openalex.org/W1893812361","https://openalex.org/W2998055095","https://openalex.org/W3093216143","https://openalex.org/W1990062858"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Due":[0],"to":[1,23,70,77,249,288],"the":[2,26,31,36,50,60,78,108,113,124,138,145,165,170,175,186,198,209,218,222,235,251,258,263,280,284,292,299,302,316],"high":[3,32],"demands":[4],"of":[5,62,87,100,132,137,174,188,204,294],"new":[6],"technologies":[7],"such":[8],"as":[9,269],"social":[10],"networks,":[11],"e-commerce":[12],"and":[13,29,53,73,134,201,217,237,241,276,301,310],"cloud":[14],"computing,":[15],"more":[16],"energy":[17,41,147,171,210,268,295],"is":[18,68,90,115,298,304],"being":[19],"consumed":[20],"in":[21,40,48,97,112,119,141,213,231,273],"order":[22],"store":[24],"all":[25],"data":[27,65,142,176,206,265],"produced":[28],"provide":[30],"availability":[33],"required.":[34],"Over":[35],"years,":[37],"this":[38,254],"increase":[39],"consumption":[42,72,163,172],"has":[43],"brought":[44],"about":[45],"a":[46,63,155,184,193,205],"rise":[47],"both":[49,307],"environmental":[51],"impacts":[52],"operational":[54,202,259,289,308],"costs.":[55],"Some":[56],"companies":[57],"have":[58],"adopted":[59,149,212],"concept":[61],"green":[64],"center,":[66],"which":[67,160,189],"related":[69],"electricity":[71,94,102],"CO2":[74,135,199,224,311],"emissions,":[75,225,312],"according":[76,287],"utility":[79],"power":[80,89],"source":[81],"adopted.":[82],"In":[83,106,123],"Brazil,":[84,214,244],"almost":[85],"70%":[86],"electrical":[88,139],"derived":[91],"from":[92,104],"clean":[93],"generation,":[95],"whereas":[96],"China":[98,220,278],"65%":[99],"generated":[101],"comes":[103],"coal.":[105],"addition,":[107],"value":[109],"per":[110,229,296],"kWh":[111],"US":[114,236,300],"much":[116],"lower":[117],"than":[118],"other":[120],"countries":[121],"surveyed.":[122],"present":[125],"work,":[126],"we":[127],"conducted":[128],"an":[129],"integrated":[130],"evaluation":[131],"costs":[133,203,260,309],"emissions":[136,200],"infrastructure":[140],"centers,":[143],"considering":[144,291],"different":[146],"sources":[148],"by":[150,183,234],"each":[151],"country.":[152],"We":[153],"used":[154],"multi-layered":[156],"artificial":[157],"neural":[158],"network,":[159],"could":[161],"forecast":[162],"over":[164],"following":[166],"months,":[167],"based":[168],"on":[169],"history":[173],"center.":[177],"All":[178],"these":[179],"features":[180],"were":[181,272],"supported":[182],"tool,":[185],"applicability":[187],"was":[190],"demonstrated":[191],"through":[192],"case":[194],"study":[195,255],"that":[196,262],"computed":[197],"center":[207,266],"using":[208],"mix":[211],"China,":[215,274],"Germany":[216,275],"US.":[219],"presented":[221,279],"highest":[223,281],"with":[226,239,245],"41,445":[227],"tons":[228],"year":[230],"2014,":[232],"followed":[233],"Germany,":[238],"37,177":[240],"35,883,":[242],"respectively.":[243],"8459":[246],"tons,":[247],"proved":[248],"be":[250,315],"cleanest.":[252],"Additionally,":[253],"also":[256],"estimated":[257],"assuming":[261],"same":[264],"consumes":[267],"if":[270],"it":[271],"Brazil.":[277],"kWh/year.":[282],"Therefore,":[283],"best":[285,317],"choice":[286],"costs,":[290],"price":[293],"kWh,":[297],"worst":[303],"China.":[305],"Considering":[306],"Brazil":[313],"would":[314],"option.":[318]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}