{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3112678313","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi9120743","title":"Automatic Workflow for Roof Extraction and Generation of 3D CityGML Models from Low-Cost UAV Image-Derived Point Clouds","display_name":"Automatic Workflow for Roof Extraction and Generation of 3D CityGML Models from Low-Cost UAV Image-Derived Point Clouds","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-12-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3112678313","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi9120743","mag":"3112678313"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/ijgi9120743","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi9120743","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/9/12/743/pdf?version=1608205298","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764431341","display_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","issn_l":"2220-9964","issn":["2220-9964"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/9/12/743/pdf?version=1608205298","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032699264","display_name":"Arnadi Murtiyoso","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3310-8937"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I134635517","display_name":"Bandung Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00apj8t60","country_code":"ID","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134635517"]}],"countries":["ID"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Arnadi Murtiyoso","raw_affiliation_strings":["Remote Sensing and GIS Group, Bandung Institute of Technology (ITB), Jalan Ganesha No. 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3310-8937","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Remote Sensing and GIS Group, Bandung Institute of Technology (ITB), Jalan Ganesha No. 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134635517"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024113136","display_name":"Mirza Veriandi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I134635517","display_name":"Bandung Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00apj8t60","country_code":"ID","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134635517"]}],"countries":["ID"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mirza Veriandi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Remote Sensing and GIS Group, Bandung Institute of Technology (ITB), Jalan Ganesha No. 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Remote Sensing and GIS Group, Bandung Institute of Technology (ITB), Jalan Ganesha No. 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134635517"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005132838","display_name":"Deni Suwardhi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0440-2253"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I134635517","display_name":"Bandung Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00apj8t60","country_code":"ID","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134635517"]}],"countries":["ID"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Deni Suwardhi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Remote Sensing and GIS Group, Bandung Institute of Technology (ITB), Jalan Ganesha No. 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0440-2253","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Remote Sensing and GIS Group, Bandung Institute of Technology (ITB), Jalan Ganesha No. 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134635517"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046087707","display_name":"Budhy Soeksmantono","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3755-5520"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I134635517","display_name":"Bandung Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00apj8t60","country_code":"ID","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134635517"]}],"countries":["ID"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Budhy Soeksmantono","raw_affiliation_strings":["Remote Sensing and GIS Group, Bandung Institute of Technology (ITB), Jalan Ganesha No. 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3755-5520","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Remote Sensing and GIS Group, Bandung Institute of Technology (ITB), Jalan Ganesha No. 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134635517"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012242202","display_name":"Agung Budi Harto","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0946-945X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I134635517","display_name":"Bandung Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00apj8t60","country_code":"ID","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134635517"]}],"countries":["ID"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Agung Harto","raw_affiliation_strings":["Remote Sensing and GIS Group, Bandung Institute of Technology (ITB), Jalan Ganesha No. 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Remote Sensing and GIS Group, Bandung Institute of Technology (ITB), Jalan Ganesha No. 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134635517"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5032699264"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134635517"],"apc_list":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"apc_paid":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"fwci":1.8256,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":24,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.84208201,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":"12","first_page":"743","last_page":"743"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12698","display_name":"3D Modeling in Geospatial Applications","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12698","display_name":"3D Modeling in Geospatial Applications","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11211","display_name":"3D Surveying and Cultural Heritage","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1907","display_name":"Geology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/citygml","display_name":"CityGML","score":0.905508279800415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/point-cloud","display_name":"Point cloud","score":0.7919642925262451},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/workflow","display_name":"Workflow","score":0.7435035109519958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7421378493309021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/3d-city-models","display_name":"3D city models","score":0.7417658567428589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/photogrammetry","display_name":"Photogrammetry","score":0.7152742743492126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/polygon","display_name":"Polygon (computer graphics)","score":0.5553627014160156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.5408746004104614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/building-model","display_name":"Building model","score":0.5330176949501038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.5319733023643494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.48715493083000183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automation","display_name":"Automation","score":0.4471280872821808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4181162714958191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.4137137830257416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coplanarity","display_name":"Coplanarity","score":0.4122646450996399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.3782542943954468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database","display_name":"Database","score":0.18711355328559875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visualization","display_name":"Visualization","score":0.1831115484237671},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simulation","display_name":"Simulation","score":0.15621435642242432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.15157729387283325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.12479814887046814}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776744651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1093900","display_name":"CityGML","level":3,"score":0.905508279800415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131979681","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1899648","display_name":"Point cloud","level":2,"score":0.7919642925262451},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177212765","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q627335","display_name":"Workflow","level":2,"score":0.7435035109519958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7421378493309021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778597888","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172169","display_name":"3D city models","level":3,"score":0.7417658567428589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117455697","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190149","display_name":"Photogrammetry","level":2,"score":0.7152742743492126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190694206","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3276654","display_name":"Polygon (computer graphics)","level":3,"score":0.5553627014160156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5408746004104614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778530916","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1352349","display_name":"Building model","level":2,"score":0.5330176949501038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.5319733023643494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.48715493083000183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115901376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184199","display_name":"Automation","level":2,"score":0.4471280872821808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4181162714958191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.4137137830257416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20625954","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q543533","display_name":"Coplanarity","level":2,"score":0.4122646450996399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3782542943954468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.18711355328559875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36464697","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q451553","display_name":"Visualization","level":2,"score":0.1831115484237671},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.15621435642242432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.15157729387283325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.12479814887046814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126042441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1324888","display_name":"Frame (networking)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/ijgi9120743","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi9120743","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/9/12/743/pdf?version=1608205298","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764431341","display_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","issn_l":"2220-9964","issn":["2220-9964"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:8a1054991c7c4ab0a20a433b4a765fc9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/8a1054991c7c4ab0a20a433b4a765fc9","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information, Vol 9, Iss 12, p 743 (2020)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2220-9964/9/12/743/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi9120743","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information; Volume 9; Issue 12; Pages: 743","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/ijgi9120743","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi9120743","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/9/12/743/pdf?version=1608205298","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764431341","display_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","issn_l":"2220-9964","issn":["2220-9964"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","score":0.8100000023841858}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3112678313.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3112678313.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":67,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W52647950","https://openalex.org/W105591064","https://openalex.org/W746983226","https://openalex.org/W1490590450","https://openalex.org/W1611818215","https://openalex.org/W1969136216","https://openalex.org/W1998943389","https://openalex.org/W2001790138","https://openalex.org/W2035184119","https://openalex.org/W2041642242","https://openalex.org/W2046568538","https://openalex.org/W2090020933","https://openalex.org/W2107525000","https://openalex.org/W2187276464","https://openalex.org/W2215173806","https://openalex.org/W2283994222","https://openalex.org/W2413512417","https://openalex.org/W2423590559","https://openalex.org/W2436494909","https://openalex.org/W2464465328","https://openalex.org/W2474080959","https://openalex.org/W2515344238","https://openalex.org/W2571206695","https://openalex.org/W2576263036","https://openalex.org/W2591119809","https://openalex.org/W2619470474","https://openalex.org/W2620727462","https://openalex.org/W2737129951","https://openalex.org/W2742692613","https://openalex.org/W2749403791","https://openalex.org/W2751034240","https://openalex.org/W2755787298","https://openalex.org/W2769313202","https://openalex.org/W2805880315","https://openalex.org/W2806877710","https://openalex.org/W2884466562","https://openalex.org/W2889657187","https://openalex.org/W2890145394","https://openalex.org/W2890707036","https://openalex.org/W2908853082","https://openalex.org/W2911832816","https://openalex.org/W2913282791","https://openalex.org/W2918989457","https://openalex.org/W2936362563","https://openalex.org/W2943918700","https://openalex.org/W2948868958","https://openalex.org/W2967006609","https://openalex.org/W2973800301","https://openalex.org/W2999219213","https://openalex.org/W3010920006","https://openalex.org/W3015529707","https://openalex.org/W3035403606","https://openalex.org/W3035820485","https://openalex.org/W3048667086","https://openalex.org/W3082826097","https://openalex.org/W3083248912","https://openalex.org/W3100521496","https://openalex.org/W3193938045","https://openalex.org/W4237573981","https://openalex.org/W4239941529","https://openalex.org/W4254802691","https://openalex.org/W6629469512","https://openalex.org/W6636315560","https://openalex.org/W6686747424","https://openalex.org/W6757571846","https://openalex.org/W6758790575","https://openalex.org/W6800292030"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4214533837","https://openalex.org/W4206300085","https://openalex.org/W1983691250","https://openalex.org/W1767252664","https://openalex.org/W2900591337","https://openalex.org/W3091198297","https://openalex.org/W4293147545","https://openalex.org/W2887405381","https://openalex.org/W2082587538","https://openalex.org/W2052426884"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Developments":[0],"in":[1,6,13,49,133,164],"UAV":[2],"sensors":[3],"and":[4,176],"platforms":[5],"recent":[7],"decades":[8],"have":[9],"stimulated":[10],"an":[11,85,95,143],"upsurge":[12],"its":[14],"application":[15],"for":[16,98,126,188,201],"3D":[17,53,57,63,108,154,183,218,232],"mapping.":[18,47],"The":[19,75,194],"relatively":[20,206],"low-cost":[21],"nature":[22],"of":[23,29,52,77,101,110,129,173,209,228],"UAVs":[24],"combined":[25],"with":[26,169,204],"the":[27,50,78,99,116,124,134,138,159,170,182,213,217,225],"use":[28],"revolutionary":[30],"photogrammetric":[31,73],"algorithms,":[32],"such":[33,230],"as":[34,119,231],"dense":[35],"image":[36],"matching,":[37],"has":[38],"made":[39],"it":[40],"a":[41,120,127,205],"strong":[42],"competitor":[43],"to":[44,61,81,83,88,141,151,190,216,223],"aerial":[45],"lidar":[46],"However,":[48],"context":[51],"city":[54,64],"mapping,":[55],"further":[56],"modeling":[58,184,219],"is":[59,67],"required":[60],"generate":[62],"models":[65,109],"which":[66,94],"often":[68],"performed":[69],"manually":[70],"using,":[71],"e.g.,":[72],"stereoplotting.":[74,237],"aim":[76],"paper":[79,139,166],"was":[80],"try":[82],"implement":[84],"algorithmic":[86],"approach":[87,162,215],"building":[89],"point":[90,149],"cloud":[91],"segmentation,":[92],"from":[93,147],"automated":[96,144,214],"workflow":[97,145,196],"generation":[100],"roof":[102],"planes":[103,118],"will":[104],"also":[105,221],"be":[106,199],"presented.":[107],"buildings":[111],"are":[112],"then":[113],"created":[114],"using":[115],"roofs\u2019":[117],"base,":[121],"therefore":[122,198],"satisfying":[123],"requirements":[125,227],"Level":[128],"Detail":[130],"(LoD)":[131],"2":[132],"CityGML":[135,229],"paradigm.":[136],"Consequently,":[137],"attempts":[140],"create":[142],"starting":[146],"UAV-derived":[148],"clouds":[150],"LoD":[152],"2-compatible":[153],"model.":[155],"Results":[156],"show":[157],"that":[158],"rule-based":[160],"segmentation":[161,175],"presented":[163],"this":[165],"works":[167],"well":[168,187],"additional":[171],"advantage":[172],"instance":[174],"automatic":[177],"semantic":[178],"attribute":[179],"annotation,":[180],"while":[181],"algorithm":[185],"performs":[186],"low":[189,207],"medium":[191],"complexity":[192],"roofs.":[193],"proposed":[195],"can":[197],"implemented":[200],"simple":[202],"roofs":[203],"number":[208],"planar":[210],"surfaces.":[211],"Furthermore,":[212],"process":[220],"helps":[222],"maintain":[224],"geometric":[226],"polygon":[233],"coplanarity":[234],"vis-\u00e0-vis":[235],"manual":[236]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2020-12-21T00:00:00"}