{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3100896795","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi9110691","title":"Station-Free Bike Rebalancing Analysis: Scale, Modeling, and Computational Challenges","display_name":"Station-Free Bike Rebalancing Analysis: Scale, Modeling, and Computational Challenges","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-11-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3100896795","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi9110691","mag":"3100896795"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/ijgi9110691","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi9110691","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/9/11/691/pdf?version=1606184626","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764431341","display_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","issn_l":"2220-9964","issn":["2220-9964"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/9/11/691/pdf?version=1606184626","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032286338","display_name":"Xueting Jin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0000-5509"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55732556","display_name":"Arizona State University","ror":"https://ror.org/03efmqc40","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xueting Jin","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Geographical Sciences and Urban Planning, Arizona State University, 975 S Myrtle Ave, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geographical Sciences and Urban Planning, Arizona State University, 975 S Myrtle Ave, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045506481","display_name":"Daoqin Tong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7005-5128"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55732556","display_name":"Arizona State University","ror":"https://ror.org/03efmqc40","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Daoqin Tong","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Geographical Sciences and Urban Planning, Arizona State University, 975 S Myrtle Ave, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geographical Sciences and Urban Planning, Arizona State University, 975 S Myrtle Ave, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5045506481"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"],"apc_list":{"value":1700,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1893},"apc_paid":{"value":1700,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1893},"fwci":0.8683,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.82697001,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":"11","first_page":"691","last_page":"691"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10298","display_name":"Urban Transport and Accessibility","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10298","display_name":"Urban Transport and Accessibility","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10698","display_name":"Transportation Planning and Optimization","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11942","display_name":"Transportation and Mobility Innovations","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beijing","display_name":"Beijing","score":0.7811368107795715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flexibility","display_name":"Flexibility (engineering)","score":0.6849172115325928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economic-shortage","display_name":"Economic shortage","score":0.6569031476974487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bike-sharing","display_name":"Bike sharing","score":0.6523519158363342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6314494013786316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/downtown","display_name":"Downtown","score":0.5957649946212769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scale","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","score":0.591376006603241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transport-engineering","display_name":"Transport engineering","score":0.48583218455314636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/empirical-research","display_name":"Empirical research","score":0.41405317187309265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operations-research","display_name":"Operations research","score":0.39034125208854675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.15942546725273132},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/china","display_name":"China","score":0.15361040830612183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.13134947419166565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.0860205888748169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.07251590490341187}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778304055","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q657474","display_name":"Beijing","level":3,"score":0.7811368107795715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780598303","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q65921492","display_name":"Flexibility (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.6849172115325928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194051981","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1337691","display_name":"Economic shortage","level":3,"score":0.6569031476974487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2994001137","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1358919","display_name":"Bike sharing","level":2,"score":0.6523519158363342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6314494013786316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776556313","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1050303","display_name":"Downtown","level":2,"score":0.5957649946212769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.591376006603241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22212356","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q775325","display_name":"Transport engineering","level":1,"score":0.48583218455314636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120936955","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2155640","display_name":"Empirical research","level":2,"score":0.41405317187309265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42475967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194292","display_name":"Operations research","level":1,"score":0.39034125208854675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.15942546725273132},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191935318","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q148","display_name":"China","level":2,"score":0.15361040830612183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.13134947419166565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0860205888748169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.07251590490341187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778137410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2732820","display_name":"Government (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/ijgi9110691","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi9110691","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/9/11/691/pdf?version=1606184626","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764431341","display_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","issn_l":"2220-9964","issn":["2220-9964"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:21bf68b0c75c408f8431b16b179757c9","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/21bf68b0c75c408f8431b16b179757c9","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information, Vol 9, Iss 11, p 691 (2020)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2220-9964/9/11/691/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi9110691","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information; Volume 9; Issue 11; Pages: 691","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/ijgi9110691","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi9110691","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/9/11/691/pdf?version=1606184626","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764431341","display_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","issn_l":"2220-9964","issn":["2220-9964"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","score":0.7799999713897705,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3100896795.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3100896795.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":47,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W109636739","https://openalex.org/W1129526491","https://openalex.org/W1497888799","https://openalex.org/W1932265643","https://openalex.org/W1970180010","https://openalex.org/W1978445248","https://openalex.org/W1979411729","https://openalex.org/W1979680764","https://openalex.org/W2029422051","https://openalex.org/W2032251915","https://openalex.org/W2040282510","https://openalex.org/W2043614425","https://openalex.org/W2044011570","https://openalex.org/W2046392941","https://openalex.org/W2049263272","https://openalex.org/W2054274567","https://openalex.org/W2074069971","https://openalex.org/W2080113883","https://openalex.org/W2085092470","https://openalex.org/W2154933777","https://openalex.org/W2160031103","https://openalex.org/W2170262583","https://openalex.org/W2176511201","https://openalex.org/W2208177462","https://openalex.org/W2324961071","https://openalex.org/W2358962606","https://openalex.org/W2474518875","https://openalex.org/W2557523848","https://openalex.org/W2574779741","https://openalex.org/W2610909953","https://openalex.org/W2626391197","https://openalex.org/W2782436466","https://openalex.org/W2790965045","https://openalex.org/W2792879906","https://openalex.org/W2793018423","https://openalex.org/W2809079004","https://openalex.org/W2883073525","https://openalex.org/W2890221614","https://openalex.org/W2894647113","https://openalex.org/W2949830935","https://openalex.org/W2953098641","https://openalex.org/W2965211398","https://openalex.org/W3013470702","https://openalex.org/W3043705289","https://openalex.org/W6633120549","https://openalex.org/W6732274465","https://openalex.org/W6747738420"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4205268161","https://openalex.org/W2185134528","https://openalex.org/W2015747722","https://openalex.org/W2891070750","https://openalex.org/W2516160486","https://openalex.org/W1861932442","https://openalex.org/W2047022258","https://openalex.org/W2362050182","https://openalex.org/W1880567472","https://openalex.org/W2382418233"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,120,140],"the":[1,34,55,74,98,117,125,131,136,179,183,208,223,235,250],"past":[2],"few":[3],"years,":[4],"station-free":[5],"bike":[6,21,29,39,53,61,87,151,166,212,281],"sharing":[7,22],"systems":[8,23],"(SFBSSs)":[9],"have":[10],"been":[11,67],"adopted":[12],"in":[13,63,70,105,153,185],"many":[14],"cities":[15],"worldwide.":[16],"Different":[17],"from":[18],"conventional":[19],"station-based":[20],"(SBBSSs)":[24],"that":[25,169,192,249,260],"rely":[26],"upon":[27],"fixed":[28,52],"stations,":[30,54],"SFBSSs":[31],"allow":[32],"users":[33],"flexibility":[35],"to":[36,59,91,148,163,181,207,215,257],"locate":[37],"a":[38,77,92,144,159],"nearby":[40],"and":[41,135,196,231,241,279],"park":[42],"it":[43],"at":[44],"any":[45],"appropriate":[46],"site":[47],"after":[48],"use.":[49],"With":[50],"no":[51],"spatial":[56,145],"extent/scale":[57],"used":[58,256],"evaluate":[60],"shortage/surplus":[62,88],"an":[64,101,154],"SFBSS":[65,132,184],"has":[66],"rather":[68],"arbitrary":[69],"existing":[71,265],"studies.":[72],"On":[73,97],"one":[75],"hand,":[76,100],"balanced":[78],"status":[79],"using":[80],"large":[81],"areas":[82,107],"may":[83,108],"contain":[84],"multiple":[85],"local":[86],"sites,":[89],"leading":[90],"less":[93],"effective":[94,275],"rebalancing":[95,138,152,167,198,210,243,277],"design.":[96,139],"other":[99],"imbalance":[102,133,193],"evaluation":[103,134,194],"conducted":[104],"small":[106],"not":[109],"be":[110,255,262],"meaningful":[111],"or":[112],"necessary,":[113],"while":[114],"significantly":[115],"increasing":[116],"computational":[118],"complexity.":[119],"this":[121],"study,":[122,225],"we":[123,142,226],"examine":[124],"impacts":[126],"of":[127],"analysis":[128,175,204],"scale":[129,237],"on":[130,173,222],"associated":[137],"particular,":[141],"develop":[143],"optimization":[146,267],"model":[147],"strategically":[149],"optimize":[150],"SFBSS.":[155],"We":[156,177],"also":[157],"propose":[158],"region":[160,251],"decomposition":[161,252],"method":[162,253],"solve":[164,258],"large-sized":[165],"problems":[168,259],"are":[170],"constructed":[171],"based":[172],"fine":[174],"scales.":[176],"apply":[178],"approach":[180],"study":[182,190,270],"downtown":[186],"Beijing.":[187],"The":[188],"empirical":[189,224],"shows":[191],"results":[195,247],"optimal":[197,209],"design":[199],"can":[200,254],"vary":[201],"substantially":[202],"with":[203],"scale.":[205],"According":[206],"results,":[211],"repositioning":[213],"tends":[214],"take":[216],"place":[217],"among":[218],"neighboring":[219],"areas.":[220],"Based":[221],"would":[227],"recommend":[228],"800":[229],"m":[230,233],"100/200":[232],"as":[234],"suitable":[236],"for":[238],"designing":[239],"operator-based":[240],"user-based":[242],"plans,":[244],"respectively.":[245],"Computational":[246],"show":[248],"cannot":[261],"handled":[263],"by":[264],"commercial":[266],"software.":[268],"This":[269],"provides":[271],"important":[272],"insights":[273],"into":[274],"bike-share":[276],"strategies":[278],"urban":[280],"transportation":[282],"planning.":[283]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-23T08:03:31.855105","created_date":"2020-11-23T00:00:00"}