{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3093952168","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi9100607","title":"Privacy-Aware Visualization of Volunteered Geographic Information (VGI) to Analyze Spatial Activity: A Benchmark Implementation","display_name":"Privacy-Aware Visualization of Volunteered Geographic Information (VGI) to Analyze Spatial Activity: A Benchmark Implementation","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-10-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3093952168","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi9100607","mag":"3093952168"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/ijgi9100607","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi9100607","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/9/10/607/pdf?version=1605175173","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764431341","display_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","issn_l":"2220-9964","issn":["2220-9964"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/9/10/607/pdf?version=1605175173","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008803839","display_name":"Alexander Dunkel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1157-7967"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78650965","display_name":"Technische Universit\u00e4t Dresden","ror":"https://ror.org/042aqky30","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78650965"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Alexander Dunkel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Cartography, TU Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1157-7967","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Cartography, TU Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78650965"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083228890","display_name":"Marc L\u00f6chner","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6751-5496"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78650965","display_name":"Technische Universit\u00e4t Dresden","ror":"https://ror.org/042aqky30","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78650965"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marc L\u00f6chner","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Cartography, TU Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6751-5496","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Cartography, TU Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78650965"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016611340","display_name":"Dirk Burghardt","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2949-4887"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78650965","display_name":"Technische Universit\u00e4t Dresden","ror":"https://ror.org/042aqky30","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78650965"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dirk Burghardt","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Cartography, TU Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2949-4887","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Cartography, TU Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78650965"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5008803839"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78650965"],"apc_list":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"apc_paid":{"value":485,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":523},"fwci":13.1542,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":27,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98692145,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":"10","first_page":"607","last_page":"607"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10757","display_name":"Geographic Information Systems Studies","score":0.9959999918937683,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3305","display_name":"Geography, Planning and Development"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10757","display_name":"Geographic Information Systems Studies","score":0.9959999918937683,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3305","display_name":"Geography, Planning and Development"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11980","display_name":"Human Mobility and Location-Based Analysis","score":0.9948999881744385,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11819","display_name":"Data-Driven Disease Surveillance","score":0.9937999844551086,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/volunteered-geographic-information","display_name":"Volunteered geographic information","score":0.9338093996047974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7511477470397949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmarking","display_name":"Benchmarking","score":0.6097604036331177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.5450255870819092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flexibility","display_name":"Flexibility (engineering)","score":0.48310351371765137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visualization","display_name":"Visualization","score":0.456760436296463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crowdsourcing","display_name":"Crowdsourcing","score":0.45655977725982666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/component","display_name":"Component (thermodynamics)","score":0.4447173774242401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.4154001474380493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.33976924419403076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.255092054605484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.10994598269462585}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57380593","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q933625","display_name":"Volunteered geographic information","level":2,"score":0.9338093996047974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7511477470397949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86251818","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816754","display_name":"Benchmarking","level":2,"score":0.6097604036331177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.5450255870819092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780598303","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q65921492","display_name":"Flexibility (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.48310351371765137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36464697","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q451553","display_name":"Visualization","level":2,"score":0.456760436296463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62230096","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q275969","display_name":"Crowdsourcing","level":2,"score":0.45655977725982666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168167062","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1117970","display_name":"Component (thermodynamics)","level":2,"score":0.4447173774242401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.4154001474380493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.33976924419403076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.255092054605484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.10994598269462585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/ijgi9100607","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi9100607","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/9/10/607/pdf?version=1605175173","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764431341","display_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","issn_l":"2220-9964","issn":["2220-9964"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:729fd5fd9af24543872c880f8b66ea2c","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/729fd5fd9af24543872c880f8b66ea2c","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information, Vol 9, Iss 10, p 607 (2020)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2220-9964/9/10/607/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi9100607","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information; Volume 9; Issue 10; Pages: 607","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/ijgi9100607","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi9100607","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/9/10/607/pdf?version=1605175173","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764431341","display_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","issn_l":"2220-9964","issn":["2220-9964"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4636979373","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"SPP1894","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320879","funder_display_name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320879","display_name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","ror":"https://ror.org/018mejw64"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3093952168.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3093952168.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":67,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W56293434","https://openalex.org/W964600994","https://openalex.org/W1586216651","https://openalex.org/W1606251440","https://openalex.org/W1761242624","https://openalex.org/W1873763122","https://openalex.org/W1963746476","https://openalex.org/W2001715705","https://openalex.org/W2009611335","https://openalex.org/W2018941897","https://openalex.org/W2020740057","https://openalex.org/W2056773559","https://openalex.org/W2084296691","https://openalex.org/W2109426455","https://openalex.org/W2118722179","https://openalex.org/W2119742615","https://openalex.org/W2141456801","https://openalex.org/W2144276694","https://openalex.org/W2144982963","https://openalex.org/W2153689444","https://openalex.org/W2163241745","https://openalex.org/W2168867823","https://openalex.org/W2171283104","https://openalex.org/W2250384498","https://openalex.org/W2281450784","https://openalex.org/W2311497278","https://openalex.org/W2344199778","https://openalex.org/W2363947341","https://openalex.org/W2417915283","https://openalex.org/W2464407828","https://openalex.org/W2469391217","https://openalex.org/W2517028219","https://openalex.org/W2527744428","https://openalex.org/W2549955619","https://openalex.org/W2596589504","https://openalex.org/W2613416506","https://openalex.org/W2732428265","https://openalex.org/W2746080765","https://openalex.org/W2775721950","https://openalex.org/W2806353136","https://openalex.org/W2807861139","https://openalex.org/W2886584304","https://openalex.org/W2900589988","https://openalex.org/W2904119980","https://openalex.org/W2904253335","https://openalex.org/W2912544980","https://openalex.org/W2924984785","https://openalex.org/W2970088479","https://openalex.org/W2987360805","https://openalex.org/W2992400060","https://openalex.org/W2997366341","https://openalex.org/W3003592081","https://openalex.org/W3005974829","https://openalex.org/W3036695547","https://openalex.org/W3042449702","https://openalex.org/W3093952168","https://openalex.org/W3102725001","https://openalex.org/W3124694291","https://openalex.org/W4252031452","https://openalex.org/W6625438189","https://openalex.org/W6636171097","https://openalex.org/W6650758875","https://openalex.org/W6681658524","https://openalex.org/W6698379943","https://openalex.org/W6726590716","https://openalex.org/W6761641118","https://openalex.org/W6773452360"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4238897586","https://openalex.org/W2733029865","https://openalex.org/W3032998312","https://openalex.org/W435179959","https://openalex.org/W135177976","https://openalex.org/W2619091065","https://openalex.org/W4384486036","https://openalex.org/W1991837421","https://openalex.org/W1503094549","https://openalex.org/W2955098766"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Through":[0],"volunteering":[1],"data,":[2],"people":[3],"can":[4,66,152],"help":[5],"assess":[6],"information":[7],"on":[8,199],"various":[9,185],"aspects":[10],"of":[11,99,115,138,141,169,187,231],"their":[12],"surrounding":[13],"environment.":[14],"Particularly":[15],"in":[16,69,83],"natural":[17,43,84,122],"resource":[18,85,123],"management,":[19,86],"Volunteered":[20],"Geographic":[21],"Information":[22],"(VGI)":[23],"is":[24,80,196],"increasingly":[25,54],"recognized":[26],"as":[27],"a":[28,126,200],"significant":[29],"resource,":[30],"for":[31,119,182],"example,":[32],"supporting":[33],"visitation":[34],"pattern":[35],"analysis":[36,100],"to":[37,112,121,135,158,177],"evaluate":[38],"collective":[39],"values":[40],"and":[41,94,109,222],"improve":[42,159],"well-being.":[44],"In":[45,102],"recent":[46],"years,":[47],"however,":[48],"user":[49],"privacy":[50,78,160,180],"has":[51],"become":[52],"an":[53,107],"important":[55],"consideration.":[56],"Potential":[57],"conflicts":[58,79],"often":[59,90],"emerge":[60],"from":[61],"the":[62,163,188,218,232],"fact":[63],"that":[64,204],"VGI":[65],"be":[67,153],"re-used":[68],"contexts":[70],"not":[71],"originally":[72],"considered":[73],"by":[74,210],"volunteers.":[75],"Addressing":[76],"these":[77,172],"particularly":[81],"problematic":[82],"where":[87],"visualizations":[88],"are":[89,225],"explorative,":[91],"with":[92,155],"multifaceted":[93],"sometimes":[95],"initially":[96],"unknown":[97],"sets":[98],"outcomes.":[101],"this":[103],"paper,":[104],"we":[105],"present":[106],"integrated":[108],"component-based":[110],"approach":[111],"privacy-aware":[113],"visualization":[114],"VGI,":[116],"specifically":[117],"suited":[118],"application":[120],"management.":[124],"As":[125],"key":[127],"component,":[128],"HyperLogLog":[129],"(HLL)\u2014a":[130],"data":[131,219],"abstraction":[132],"format\u2014is":[133],"used":[134],"allow":[136],"estimation":[137],"results,":[139],"instead":[140],"more":[142],"accurate":[143],"measurements.":[144],"While":[145],"HLL":[146],"alone":[147],"cannot":[148],"preserve":[149],"privacy,":[150],"it":[151,175],"combined":[154],"existing":[156],"approaches":[157],"while,":[161],"at":[162,184],"same":[164],"time,":[165],"maintaining":[166],"some":[167],"flexibility":[168],"analysis.":[170],"Together,":[171],"components":[173],"make":[174],"possible":[176],"gradually":[178],"reduce":[179],"risks":[181],"volunteers":[183],"steps":[186],"analytical":[189],"process.":[190],"A":[191],"specific":[192],"use":[193],"case":[194],"demonstration":[195],"provided,":[197],"based":[198],"global,":[201],"publicly-available":[202],"dataset":[203,224],"contains":[205],"100":[206],"million":[207],"photos":[208],"shared":[209],"581,099":[211],"users":[212],"under":[213],"Creative":[214],"Commons":[215],"licenses.":[216],"Both":[217],"processing":[220],"pipeline":[221],"resulting":[223],"made":[226],"available,":[227],"allowing":[228],"transparent":[229],"benchmarking":[230],"privacy\u2013utility":[233],"tradeoffs.":[234]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2020-10-29T00:00:00"}