{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3081698697","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi9090517","title":"An Economic Development Evaluation Based on the OpenStreetMap Road Network Density: The Case Study of 85 Cities in China","display_name":"An Economic Development Evaluation Based on the OpenStreetMap Road Network Density: The Case Study of 85 Cities in China","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-08-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3081698697","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi9090517","mag":"3081698697"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/ijgi9090517","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi9090517","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/9/9/517/pdf?version=1598613509","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764431341","display_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","issn_l":"2220-9964","issn":["2220-9964"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/9/9/517/pdf?version=1598613509","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087587085","display_name":"Bo Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3026-072X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210119674","display_name":"East China University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/027385r44","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210119674"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bo Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Geomatics, East China University of Technology, 418# Guanglan Road, Nanchang 330013, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Geomatics, East China University of Technology, 418# Guanglan Road, Nanchang 330013, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210119674"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101958108","display_name":"Yu Shi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6352-3963"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210119674","display_name":"East China University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/027385r44","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210119674"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yu Shi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Geomatics, East China University of Technology, 418# Guanglan Road, Nanchang 330013, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Geomatics, East China University of Technology, 418# Guanglan Road, Nanchang 330013, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210119674"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101500685","display_name":"Dajun Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4347-720X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210119674","display_name":"East China University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/027385r44","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210119674"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Da-Jun Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Geomatics, East China University of Technology, 418# Guanglan Road, Nanchang 330013, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Geomatics, East China University of Technology, 418# Guanglan Road, Nanchang 330013, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210119674"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100696368","display_name":"Yandong Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9539-8725"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210118728","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying Mapping and Remote Sensing","ror":"https://ror.org/02bpap860","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210118728"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yan-Dong Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, 129# Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430079, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, 129# Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430079, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210118728","https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049632089","display_name":"Gabriela Fernandez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7271-0250"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I26538001","display_name":"San Diego State University","ror":"https://ror.org/0264fdx42","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I26538001"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gabriela Fernandez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Geography, Center for Human Dynamics in the Mobile Age (HDMA), San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182-4493, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geography, Center for Human Dynamics in the Mobile Age (HDMA), San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182-4493, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I26538001"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021407370","display_name":"Ming\u2010Hsiang Tsou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3421-486X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I26538001","display_name":"San Diego State University","ror":"https://ror.org/0264fdx42","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I26538001"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ming-Hsiang Tsou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Geography, Center for Human Dynamics in the Mobile Age (HDMA), San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182-4493, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3421-486X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geography, Center for Human Dynamics in the Mobile Age (HDMA), San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182-4493, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I26538001"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101500685"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210119674"],"apc_list":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"apc_paid":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"fwci":5.115,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":23,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95334719,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":"9","first_page":"517","last_page":"517"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10757","display_name":"Geographic Information Systems Studies","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3305","display_name":"Geography, Planning and Development"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10757","display_name":"Geographic Information Systems Studies","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3305","display_name":"Geography, Planning and Development"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11980","display_name":"Human Mobility and Location-Based Analysis","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11106","display_name":"Data Management and Algorithms","score":0.9923999905586243,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gross-domestic-product","display_name":"Gross domestic product","score":0.7521566152572632},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/china","display_name":"China","score":0.6088675260543823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transport-engineering","display_name":"Transport engineering","score":0.5204146504402161},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metric","display_name":"Metric (unit)","score":0.5157390236854553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urban-network","display_name":"Urban network","score":0.49451205134391785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.4277704358100891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/product","display_name":"Product (mathematics)","score":0.4221291244029999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.40881600975990295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regional-science","display_name":"Regional science","score":0.4068187177181244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economic-growth","display_name":"Economic growth","score":0.219196617603302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economics","display_name":"Economics","score":0.150928795337677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.12582716345787048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.12258073687553406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operations-management","display_name":"Operations management","score":0.1183701753616333}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114350782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12638","display_name":"Gross domestic product","level":2,"score":0.7521566152572632},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191935318","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q148","display_name":"China","level":2,"score":0.6088675260543823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22212356","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q775325","display_name":"Transport engineering","level":1,"score":0.5204146504402161},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176217482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860554","display_name":"Metric (unit)","level":2,"score":0.5157390236854553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992200110","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q924286","display_name":"Urban network","level":2,"score":0.49451205134391785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.4277704358100891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90673727","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901718","display_name":"Product (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4221291244029999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.40881600975990295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148383697","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1781695","display_name":"Regional science","level":1,"score":0.4068187177181244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.219196617603302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.150928795337677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.12582716345787048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.12258073687553406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21547014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423657","display_name":"Operations management","level":1,"score":0.1183701753616333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/ijgi9090517","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi9090517","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/9/9/517/pdf?version=1598613509","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764431341","display_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","issn_l":"2220-9964","issn":["2220-9964"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:281bc270cd54466c9f2d181386c25ea4","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/281bc270cd54466c9f2d181386c25ea4","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information, Vol 9, Iss 9, p 517 (2020)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2220-9964/9/9/517/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi9090517","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information; Volume 9; Issue 9; Pages: 517","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/ijgi9090517","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi9090517","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/9/9/517/pdf?version=1598613509","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764431341","display_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","issn_l":"2220-9964","issn":["2220-9964"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3081698697.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":62,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1207112246","https://openalex.org/W1504332049","https://openalex.org/W1525865833","https://openalex.org/W1581541037","https://openalex.org/W1918253227","https://openalex.org/W1973546638","https://openalex.org/W1980965483","https://openalex.org/W1982176021","https://openalex.org/W1986464853","https://openalex.org/W1989750313","https://openalex.org/W1994529751","https://openalex.org/W1996517959","https://openalex.org/W2000845240","https://openalex.org/W2004492980","https://openalex.org/W2012714295","https://openalex.org/W2027979434","https://openalex.org/W2042741439","https://openalex.org/W2050112187","https://openalex.org/W2063935068","https://openalex.org/W2075598345","https://openalex.org/W2091700266","https://openalex.org/W2113016544","https://openalex.org/W2118650008","https://openalex.org/W2123284266","https://openalex.org/W2152640741","https://openalex.org/W2160969889","https://openalex.org/W2162703284","https://openalex.org/W2165921400","https://openalex.org/W2187835492","https://openalex.org/W2196348612","https://openalex.org/W2208484583","https://openalex.org/W2255576171","https://openalex.org/W2300987244","https://openalex.org/W2360664673","https://openalex.org/W2366340722","https://openalex.org/W2384940068","https://openalex.org/W2428429593","https://openalex.org/W2511663967","https://openalex.org/W2554261952","https://openalex.org/W2556336411","https://openalex.org/W2589159198","https://openalex.org/W2596093923","https://openalex.org/W2596253393","https://openalex.org/W2609578799","https://openalex.org/W2622715095","https://openalex.org/W2728966159","https://openalex.org/W2743860013","https://openalex.org/W2755828411","https://openalex.org/W2765193906","https://openalex.org/W2766477812","https://openalex.org/W2966556791","https://openalex.org/W2984431263","https://openalex.org/W3000031350","https://openalex.org/W3011094047","https://openalex.org/W3026124151","https://openalex.org/W3028558897","https://openalex.org/W3123243742","https://openalex.org/W3147392526","https://openalex.org/W6634345968","https://openalex.org/W6643586619","https://openalex.org/W6683759554","https://openalex.org/W6740543710"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2596911466","https://openalex.org/W2166830762","https://openalex.org/W3040101599","https://openalex.org/W2799463772","https://openalex.org/W4385759348","https://openalex.org/W2626730457","https://openalex.org/W2283681274","https://openalex.org/W2253635677","https://openalex.org/W1973078500","https://openalex.org/W2066445230"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,78],"evaluation":[1],"of":[2,39,45,52,74,93,136,171,186,241],"urban":[3,20,46,53,63,76,238],"economies":[4],"has":[5,90],"been":[6,24,34],"one":[7],"key":[8],"concern":[9],"identified":[10],"by":[11,227],"scholars.":[12],"In":[13,139],"the":[14,30,37,43,50,62,72,75,86,91,112,127,133,152,164,203,217,237],"past,":[15],"most":[16],"research":[17],"methods":[18],"on":[19,26],"development":[21,44,54,135,240],"assessments":[22],"have":[23,33],"based":[25],"statistical":[27,40],"data,":[28,101,103,106],"and":[29,55,85,96,157,178,183,193,220,230,235],"analysis":[31],"results":[32,142],"presented":[35],"in":[36,109],"form":[38],"tables.":[41],"Moreover,":[42],"road":[47,64,88,114,154,205],"networks":[48],"reflects":[49],"status":[51],"spatial":[56,121,213],"metrics,":[57],"which":[58,66,123],"are":[59],"obtained":[60],"from":[61],"network":[65,89,115,155,206],"can":[67,208,224],"be":[68,209,225],"used":[69,118,210,226],"to":[70,99,131,215,232],"evaluate":[71,132,216],"growth":[73],"economy.":[77],"OpenStreetMap":[79],"(OSM)":[80],"is":[81,117,124,146,200],"collected":[82],"through":[83],"crowdsourcing,":[84],"OSM":[87,113,153,204],"characteristics":[92],"a":[94,120,147,169,184,212,222],"simplified":[95],"efficient":[97],"approach":[98],"collect":[100],"update":[102],"free":[104],"available":[105],"etc.":[107],"Therefore,":[108,198],"this":[110],"paper,":[111],"density":[116,156,207],"as":[119,126,211,221],"metric":[122,214],"taken":[125],"main":[128],"study":[129],"subject,":[130],"economic":[134,239],"Chinese":[137,167],"cities.":[138],"our":[140],"experiment,":[141],"show":[143],"that":[144,202],"there":[145],"significant":[148],"regression":[149],"correlation":[150],"between":[151,176,191],"municipal":[158,218],"gross":[159],"domestic":[160],"product":[161],"(GDP).":[162],"For":[163],"85":[165],"selected":[166],"cities,":[168],"total":[170,185],"71":[172],"cities":[173,188],"with":[174,189],"residuals":[175,190],"\u22120.1":[177],"0.1":[179],"account":[180,195],"for":[181,196],"83.53%,":[182],"79":[187],"\u22120.2":[192],"0.2":[194],"92.94%.":[197],"it":[199],"apparent":[201],"GDP,":[219],"result,":[223],"local":[228],"governments":[229],"scholars":[231],"estimate,":[233],"evaluate,":[234],"forecast":[236],"China.":[242]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-05-22T06:13:13.366637","created_date":"2020-09-08T00:00:00"}
