{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3027467598","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi9050335","title":"Modelling Offset Regions around Static and Mobile Locations on a Discrete Global Grid System: An IoT Case Study","display_name":"Modelling Offset Regions around Static and Mobile Locations on a Discrete Global Grid System: An IoT Case Study","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-05-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3027467598","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi9050335","mag":"3027467598"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/ijgi9050335","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi9050335","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/9/5/335/pdf?version=1590049073","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764431341","display_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","issn_l":"2220-9964","issn":["2220-9964"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/9/5/335/pdf?version=1590049073","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047283654","display_name":"David Bowater","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-3950-8153"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I106938459","display_name":"University of New Brunswick","ror":"https://ror.org/05nkf0n29","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I106938459"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"David Bowater","raw_affiliation_strings":["People in Motion Lab, Department of Geodesy and Geomatics Engineering, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB E3B 5A3, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"People in Motion Lab, Department of Geodesy and Geomatics Engineering, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB E3B 5A3, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I106938459"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068240080","display_name":"M\u00f3nica Wachowicz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4659-0101"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I106938459","display_name":"University of New Brunswick","ror":"https://ror.org/05nkf0n29","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I106938459"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Monica Wachowicz","raw_affiliation_strings":["People in Motion Lab, Department of Geodesy and Geomatics Engineering, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB E3B 5A3, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4659-0101","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"People in Motion Lab, Department of Geodesy and Geomatics Engineering, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB E3B 5A3, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I106938459"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5047283654"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I106938459"],"apc_list":{"value":1700,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1893},"apc_paid":{"value":1700,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1893},"fwci":0.7203,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.69364285,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":"5","first_page":"335","last_page":"335"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11106","display_name":"Data Management and Algorithms","score":0.9973000288009644,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11106","display_name":"Data Management and Algorithms","score":0.9973000288009644,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12698","display_name":"3D Modeling in Geospatial Applications","score":0.9842000007629395,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10191","display_name":"Robotics and Sensor-Based Localization","score":0.982699990272522,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7746822834014893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/offset","display_name":"Offset (computer science)","score":0.7695609331130981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grid","display_name":"Grid","score":0.6428402662277222},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-of-things","display_name":"Internet of Things","score":0.5551015138626099},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobile-device","display_name":"Mobile device","score":0.4859384298324585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/utc-offset","display_name":"UTC offset","score":0.469165176153183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.43636777997016907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-earth","display_name":"Digital Earth","score":0.42084968090057373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.38165971636772156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.35572922229766846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/global-positioning-system","display_name":"Global Positioning System","score":0.24313175678253174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.20845526456832886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.20817798376083374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.17299208045005798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.12177622318267822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geodesy","display_name":"Geodesy","score":0.08731696009635925}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7746822834014893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175291020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1156822","display_name":"Offset (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.7695609331130981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187691185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2020720","display_name":"Grid","level":2,"score":0.6428402662277222},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81860439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q251212","display_name":"Internet of Things","level":2,"score":0.5551015138626099},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186967261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5082128","display_name":"Mobile device","level":2,"score":0.4859384298324585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185588997","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187110","display_name":"UTC offset","level":3,"score":0.469165176153183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.43636777997016907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120938966","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5275845","display_name":"Digital Earth","level":2,"score":0.42084968090057373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.38165971636772156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.35572922229766846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60229501","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18822","display_name":"Global Positioning System","level":2,"score":0.24313175678253174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.20845526456832886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.20817798376083374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.17299208045005798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.12177622318267822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.08731696009635925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/ijgi9050335","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi9050335","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/9/5/335/pdf?version=1590049073","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764431341","display_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","issn_l":"2220-9964","issn":["2220-9964"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:f0f13a488d5744d5876884da4ae6355e","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/f0f13a488d5744d5876884da4ae6355e","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information, Vol 9, Iss 5, p 335 (2020)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2220-9964/9/5/335/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi9050335","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/ijgi9050335","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi9050335","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/9/5/335/pdf?version=1590049073","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764431341","display_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","issn_l":"2220-9964","issn":["2220-9964"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","score":0.44999998807907104,"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320307791","display_name":"Cisco Systems","ror":"https://ror.org/03yt1ez60"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334593","display_name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","ror":"https://ror.org/01h531d29"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3027467598.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3027467598.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W57487270","https://openalex.org/W643378561","https://openalex.org/W1999515312","https://openalex.org/W2022290749","https://openalex.org/W2100773375","https://openalex.org/W2102635905","https://openalex.org/W2154327689","https://openalex.org/W2363164930","https://openalex.org/W2537158000","https://openalex.org/W2753014182","https://openalex.org/W2773330767","https://openalex.org/W2801993148","https://openalex.org/W2828623846","https://openalex.org/W2904516392","https://openalex.org/W2909812584","https://openalex.org/W2911364159","https://openalex.org/W2927487476","https://openalex.org/W2933452654","https://openalex.org/W2965880752","https://openalex.org/W2983403820","https://openalex.org/W2993515567","https://openalex.org/W2998039052","https://openalex.org/W6656070993","https://openalex.org/W6675760076","https://openalex.org/W6707267510","https://openalex.org/W6758286672","https://openalex.org/W6760632828","https://openalex.org/W6761089373"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4360897432","https://openalex.org/W2150900446","https://openalex.org/W2613513500","https://openalex.org/W2259446554","https://openalex.org/W2312947700","https://openalex.org/W3143847827","https://openalex.org/W2315263461","https://openalex.org/W2366278364","https://openalex.org/W2944607728","https://openalex.org/W753293653"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"With":[0],"the":[1,21,39,60,94,119,131,165,187,207,210],"huge":[2],"volume":[3],"of":[4,12,41,66,88,97,111,123,203,209],"location-based":[5,79],"point":[6,95],"data":[7],"being":[8],"generated":[9],"by":[10],"Internet":[11],"Things":[13],"(IoT)":[14],"devices":[15],"and":[16,103,195],"subsequent":[17],"rising":[18],"interest":[19],"from":[20],"Digital":[22,36],"Earth":[23,37],"community,":[24],"a":[25,51,63,109,112,124,142,149,156,201],"need":[26],"has":[27],"emerged":[28],"for":[29,74],"spatial":[30,53,139],"operations":[31],"that":[32,55,105,159,205],"are":[33,43],"compatible":[34],"with":[35],"frameworks,":[38],"foundation":[40],"which":[42,71],"Discrete":[44],"Global":[45],"Grid":[46],"Systems":[47],"(DGGSs).":[48],"Offsetting":[49],"is":[50,72,106],"fundamental":[52],"operation":[54],"allows":[56,160],"us":[57,161],"to":[58,129,162,184],"determine":[59,130,164,186],"region":[61,92,136,170],"within":[62],"given":[64],"distance":[65],"an":[67,90,98,134,168],"IoT":[68,99,144,178],"device":[69,100,145,179],"location,":[70,146],"important":[73],"visualizing":[75],"or":[76],"querying":[77],"nearby":[78],"data.":[80],"Thus,":[81],"in":[82,133,167,189],"this":[83],"paper,":[84],"we":[85,147,181,199],"present":[86,200],"methods":[87,116,183],"modelling":[89],"offset":[91,135,169,191],"around":[93],"location":[96],"(both":[101],"static":[102,143],"mobile)":[104],"quantized":[107],"into":[108],"cell":[110],"DGGS.":[113],"Notably,":[114],"these":[115],"illustrate":[117],"how":[118],"underlying":[120],"indexing":[121],"structure":[122],"DGGS":[125],"can":[126],"be":[127],"utilized":[128],"cells":[132,166,188],"at":[137,171,193],"different":[138],"resolutions.":[140,175,197],"For":[141,176],"describe":[148,182],"single":[150],"resolution":[151],"approach":[152,158],"as":[153,155],"well":[154],"multiresolution":[157],"efficiently":[163,185],"finer":[172],"(or":[173],"coarser)":[174],"mobile":[177],"locations,":[180],"successive":[190],"regions":[192],"fine":[194],"coarse":[196],"Lastly,":[198],"variety":[202],"results":[204],"demonstrate":[206],"effectiveness":[208],"proposed":[211],"methods.":[212]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-23T08:03:31.855105","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
