{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3012989448","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi9040204","title":"Spatial Paradigms in Road Networks and Their Delimitation of Urban Boundaries Based on KDE","display_name":"Spatial Paradigms in Road Networks and Their Delimitation of Urban Boundaries Based on KDE","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-03-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3012989448","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi9040204","mag":"3012989448"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/ijgi9040204","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi9040204","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/9/4/204/pdf?version=1585383283","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764431341","display_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","issn_l":"2220-9964","issn":["2220-9964"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/9/4/204/pdf?version=1585383283","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010158220","display_name":"Yuying Lin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3231-1650"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111753288","display_name":"Fujian Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/020azk594","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111753288"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuying Lin","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Geographical Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China","College of Tourism, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Geographical Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111753288"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Tourism, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111753288"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046083512","display_name":"Xisheng Hu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I61057504","display_name":"Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University","ror":"https://ror.org/04kx2sy84","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I61057504"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xisheng Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Transportation and Civil Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350108, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Transportation and Civil Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350108, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I61057504"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034906691","display_name":"Mingshui Lin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6027-4885"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111753288","display_name":"Fujian Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/020azk594","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111753288"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mingshui Lin","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Tourism, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Tourism, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111753288"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046618406","display_name":"Rongzu Qiu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1555-8149"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I61057504","display_name":"Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University","ror":"https://ror.org/04kx2sy84","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I61057504"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rongzu Qiu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Transportation and Civil Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350108, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Transportation and Civil Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350108, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I61057504"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102318086","display_name":"Jinguo Lin","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I61057504","display_name":"Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University","ror":"https://ror.org/04kx2sy84","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I61057504"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jinguo Lin","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Material Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350108, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Material Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350108, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I61057504"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048926415","display_name":"Baoyin Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9497-1611"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111753288","display_name":"Fujian Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/020azk594","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111753288"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Baoyin Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Geographical Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Geographical Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111753288"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5048926415"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111753288"],"apc_list":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"apc_paid":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"fwci":0.8223,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":16,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.7380629,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":"4","first_page":"204","last_page":"204"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10226","display_name":"Land Use and Ecosystem Services","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10226","display_name":"Land Use and Ecosystem Services","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12644","display_name":"Wildlife-Road Interactions and Conservation","score":0.9972000122070312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10298","display_name":"Urban Transport and Accessibility","score":0.9958999752998352,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.7059582471847534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urbanization","display_name":"Urbanization","score":0.6025579571723938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urban-sprawl","display_name":"Urban sprawl","score":0.557313859462738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kernel-density-estimation","display_name":"Kernel density estimation","score":0.5506170392036438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cartography","display_name":"Cartography","score":0.5430836081504822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/downtown","display_name":"Downtown","score":0.49404340982437134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spatial-distribution","display_name":"Spatial distribution","score":0.4473938047885895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economic-geography","display_name":"Economic geography","score":0.4366319179534912},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urban-area","display_name":"Urban area","score":0.4214290380477905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spatial-analysis","display_name":"Spatial analysis","score":0.4210168123245239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regional-science","display_name":"Regional science","score":0.33623015880584717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transport-engineering","display_name":"Transport engineering","score":0.33368492126464844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/land-use","display_name":"Land use","score":0.32392019033432007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.15201744437217712},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/civil-engineering","display_name":"Civil engineering","score":0.09118646383285522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economic-growth","display_name":"Economic growth","score":0.084522545337677}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.7059582471847534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39853841","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161078","display_name":"Urbanization","level":2,"score":0.6025579571723938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C487182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192042","display_name":"Urban sprawl","level":3,"score":0.557313859462738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71134354","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q458825","display_name":"Kernel density estimation","level":3,"score":0.5506170392036438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.5430836081504822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776556313","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1050303","display_name":"Downtown","level":2,"score":0.49404340982437134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777016058","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7574061","display_name":"Spatial distribution","level":2,"score":0.4473938047885895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26271046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187097","display_name":"Economic geography","level":1,"score":0.4366319179534912},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778368647","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q702492","display_name":"Urban area","level":2,"score":0.4214290380477905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159620131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1938983","display_name":"Spatial analysis","level":2,"score":0.4210168123245239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148383697","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1781695","display_name":"Regional science","level":1,"score":0.33623015880584717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22212356","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q775325","display_name":"Transport engineering","level":1,"score":0.33368492126464844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4792198","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1165944","display_name":"Land use","level":2,"score":0.32392019033432007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.15201744437217712},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147176958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77590","display_name":"Civil engineering","level":1,"score":0.09118646383285522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.084522545337677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136264566","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159810","display_name":"Economy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185429906","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1130160","display_name":"Estimator","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/ijgi9040204","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi9040204","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/9/4/204/pdf?version=1585383283","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764431341","display_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","issn_l":"2220-9964","issn":["2220-9964"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:52bb4ffd41e74e029275a46fbab646ec","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/52bb4ffd41e74e029275a46fbab646ec","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information, Vol 9, Iss 4, p 204 (2020)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2220-9964/9/4/204/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi9040204","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/ijgi9040204","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi9040204","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/9/4/204/pdf?version=1585383283","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764431341","display_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","issn_l":"2220-9964","issn":["2220-9964"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","score":0.8399999737739563}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3603304865","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"31971639","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5591074591","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2017M610390","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","funder_display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6786877466","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"41901221","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/0426zh255"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320331100","display_name":"Fujian Provincial Federation of Social Sciences","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332183","display_name":"U.S. Geological Survey","ror":"https://ror.org/035a68863"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3012989448.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3012989448.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":61,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W188288268","https://openalex.org/W1886448857","https://openalex.org/W1971231593","https://openalex.org/W1973749534","https://openalex.org/W1975956128","https://openalex.org/W1980965483","https://openalex.org/W1984434324","https://openalex.org/W1986464853","https://openalex.org/W1989507080","https://openalex.org/W2005630222","https://openalex.org/W2015895338","https://openalex.org/W2018934112","https://openalex.org/W2044478270","https://openalex.org/W2044609898","https://openalex.org/W2047399019","https://openalex.org/W2054607096","https://openalex.org/W2057778469","https://openalex.org/W2058963764","https://openalex.org/W2059061033","https://openalex.org/W2059551244","https://openalex.org/W2064754611","https://openalex.org/W2068939211","https://openalex.org/W2073237857","https://openalex.org/W2087553518","https://openalex.org/W2094520873","https://openalex.org/W2094689902","https://openalex.org/W2110932625","https://openalex.org/W2112147547","https://openalex.org/W2118707522","https://openalex.org/W2136502970","https://openalex.org/W2139925345","https://openalex.org/W2152058154","https://openalex.org/W2159162572","https://openalex.org/W2160408459","https://openalex.org/W2166109934","https://openalex.org/W2167382307","https://openalex.org/W2282364267","https://openalex.org/W2300133183","https://openalex.org/W2326869349","https://openalex.org/W2497065180","https://openalex.org/W2525870857","https://openalex.org/W2528504842","https://openalex.org/W2605873475","https://openalex.org/W2746901177","https://openalex.org/W2790518257","https://openalex.org/W2790913155","https://openalex.org/W2793327769","https://openalex.org/W2800862509","https://openalex.org/W2892370748","https://openalex.org/W2906932187","https://openalex.org/W2917286744","https://openalex.org/W2937182631","https://openalex.org/W2938174220","https://openalex.org/W2942269827","https://openalex.org/W2981329832","https://openalex.org/W2997653704","https://openalex.org/W3004883460","https://openalex.org/W3037085755","https://openalex.org/W4247725006","https://openalex.org/W6668103718","https://openalex.org/W6668913145"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1063565629","https://openalex.org/W2056014006","https://openalex.org/W656121716","https://openalex.org/W2095278931","https://openalex.org/W3153406193","https://openalex.org/W2359152176","https://openalex.org/W2349314038","https://openalex.org/W1994897687","https://openalex.org/W2815745848","https://openalex.org/W2465866556"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"An":[0],"in-depth":[1],"analysis":[2,84,88],"of":[3,26,44,57,100,155,159,210,224,248,270,276,287],"urban":[4,42,131,207,246,263,294],"road":[5,27,37,72,121,225,236],"network":[6],"distribution":[7,99,223],"plays":[8],"a":[9,45,49,62,116,228,249,256],"critical":[10],"role":[11],"in":[12,52,119,129,134,189,203,243,296],"understanding":[13],"the":[14,23,53,76,101,105,111,120,124,130,135,139,142,147,150,153,156,160,167,175,179,190,193,198,206,211,215,222,245,277,283,293,297],"urbanization":[15,305],"process.":[16],"However,":[17],"effective":[18],"ways":[19],"to":[20,39,70,149,261,291],"quantitatively":[21],"analyze":[22],"spatial":[24,78,82,98,157,180],"paradigms":[25],"networks":[28,38,73,102,161,226,237],"are":[29,162,272],"still":[30],"lacking,":[31],"and":[32,74,86,107,171,192,217,258,285],"few":[33],"studies":[34],"have":[35],"utilized":[36],"rapidly":[40],"identify":[41,292],"areas":[43,132,247,264,295],"region.":[46,250,298],"Thus,":[47],"using":[48,80,265],"fast-developing":[50],"region":[51,56,170],"south-eastern":[54],"costal":[55],"China,":[58],"Fuzhou":[59],"City,":[60],"as":[61],"case,":[63],"we":[64,254],"introduced":[65],"kernel":[66],"density":[67],"estimation":[68],"(KDE)":[69],"characterize":[71],"quantified":[75],"area\u2019s":[77],"heterogeneity":[79],"exploratory":[81],"data":[83],"(ESDA)":[85],"semivariance":[87],"(SA).":[89],"The":[90,267],"results":[91,219,269],"show":[92,220],"that":[93,221,235],"there":[94,114],"is":[95,115,202],"an":[96,240],"uneven":[97],"both":[103],"at":[104,138],"regional":[106,112],"downtown":[108,140,176],"levels.":[109],"At":[110],"level,":[113,141],"conspicuous":[117],"polarization":[118],"distribution,":[122],"with":[123,186,197,205],"KDE":[125,143,271],"being":[126],"much":[127],"higher":[128],"than":[133,274],"rural":[136],"areas;":[137],"gradually":[144],"decreases":[145],"from":[146],"center":[148],"periphery.":[151],"Quantitatively,":[152],"ranges":[154],"dependence":[158],"approximately":[163],"25":[164],"km":[165,173],"for":[166,174],"entire":[168],"study":[169,212],"12":[172],"area.":[177,213],"Additionally,":[178],"variations":[181,188],"vary":[182],"among":[183],"different":[184],"directions,":[185,200],"greater":[187],"northeast\u2013southwest":[191],"southeast\u2013northwest":[194],"directions":[195],"compared":[196],"other":[199],"which":[201,233],"line":[204],"sprawl":[208],"policy":[209],"Both":[214],"qualitative":[216],"quantitative":[218],"has":[227],"clear":[229],"urban\u2013rural":[230],"dual":[231],"structure,":[232],"indicates":[234],"can":[238],"be":[239],"active":[241],"tool":[242],"identifying":[244],"To":[251],"this":[252],"end,":[253],"propose":[255],"quick":[257],"easy":[259],"method":[260,290],"delimit":[262],"KDE.":[266],"extraction":[268],"better":[273],"those":[275],"index-based":[278],"built-up":[279],"index":[280],"(IBI),":[281],"indicating":[282],"effectivity":[284],"feasibility":[286],"our":[288],"proposed":[289],"This":[299],"research":[300],"sheds":[301],"new":[302],"light":[303],"on":[304],"development":[306],"research.":[307]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-19T17:40:00.097472","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
