{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3007461315","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi9020128","title":"An OD Flow Clustering Method Based on Vector Constraints: A Case Study for Beijing Taxi Origin-Destination Data","display_name":"An OD Flow Clustering Method Based on Vector Constraints: A Case Study for Beijing Taxi Origin-Destination Data","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-02-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3007461315","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi9020128","mag":"3007461315"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/ijgi9020128","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi9020128","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/9/2/128/pdf?version=1582601554","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764431341","display_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","issn_l":"2220-9964","issn":["2220-9964"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/9/2/128/pdf?version=1582601554","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101687985","display_name":"Xiaogang Guo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9922-0270"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I62853816","display_name":"Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture","ror":"https://ror.org/02yj0p855","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I62853816"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaogang Guo","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Geomatics and Urban Spatial Informatics, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 102616, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geomatics and Urban Spatial Informatics, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 102616, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62853816"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100944729","display_name":"Zhijie Xu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I62853816","display_name":"Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture","ror":"https://ror.org/02yj0p855","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I62853816"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhijie Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Science, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 102616, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Science, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 102616, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62853816"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103187187","display_name":"Jianqin Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3833-9697"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I62853816","display_name":"Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture","ror":"https://ror.org/02yj0p855","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I62853816"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jianqin Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Geomatics and Urban Spatial Informatics, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 102616, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geomatics and Urban Spatial Informatics, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 102616, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62853816"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110329290","display_name":"Jian Lu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I62853816","display_name":"Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture","ror":"https://ror.org/02yj0p855","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I62853816"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jian Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Geomatics and Urban Spatial Informatics, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 102616, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geomatics and Urban Spatial Informatics, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 102616, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62853816"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100397038","display_name":"Hao Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2891-0455"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I62853816","display_name":"Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture","ror":"https://ror.org/02yj0p855","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I62853816"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hao Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Geomatics and Urban Spatial Informatics, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 102616, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geomatics and Urban Spatial Informatics, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 102616, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62853816"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5103187187"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62853816"],"apc_list":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"apc_paid":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"fwci":4.6562,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":27,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94020774,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":"2","first_page":"128","last_page":"128"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11980","display_name":"Human Mobility and Location-Based Analysis","score":0.9965000152587891,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11980","display_name":"Human Mobility and Location-Based Analysis","score":0.9965000152587891,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11106","display_name":"Data Management and Algorithms","score":0.9822999835014343,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10698","display_name":"Transportation Planning and Optimization","score":0.9807999730110168,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cluster-analysis","display_name":"Cluster analysis","score":0.7966872453689575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flow","display_name":"Flow (mathematics)","score":0.5660974979400635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/similarity","display_name":"Similarity (geometry)","score":0.5200745463371277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-vector","display_name":"Feature vector","score":0.4758976399898529},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.45088517665863037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/silhouette","display_name":"Silhouette","score":0.43186965584754944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.42631810903549194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.3984734117984772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.3683571219444275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.2997583746910095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geometry","display_name":"Geometry","score":0.0955561101436615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.09267550706863403}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73555534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622825","display_name":"Cluster analysis","level":2,"score":0.7966872453689575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38349280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1434290","display_name":"Flow (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5660974979400635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103278499","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q254465","display_name":"Similarity (geometry)","level":3,"score":0.5200745463371277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83665646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42139305","display_name":"Feature vector","level":2,"score":0.4758976399898529},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.45088517665863037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58103923","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2286025","display_name":"Silhouette","level":2,"score":0.43186965584754944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.42631810903549194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3984734117984772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3683571219444275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2997583746910095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0955561101436615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.09267550706863403}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/ijgi9020128","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi9020128","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/9/2/128/pdf?version=1582601554","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764431341","display_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","issn_l":"2220-9964","issn":["2220-9964"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:a6afdcce2af2445fb70a47b490b4c360","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/a6afdcce2af2445fb70a47b490b4c360","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information, Vol 9, Iss 2, p 128 (2020)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2220-9964/9/2/128/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi9020128","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/ijgi9020128","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi9020128","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/9/2/128/pdf?version=1582601554","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764431341","display_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","issn_l":"2220-9964","issn":["2220-9964"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","score":0.8399999737739563,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3048676735","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"41701473","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3518053640","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"8202013","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322919","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Beijing Municipality"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4059648467","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"201909960002","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322725","funder_display_name":"China Scholarship Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7577011827","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"41771413","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322725","display_name":"China Scholarship Council","ror":"https://ror.org/04atp4p48"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322919","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Beijing Municipality","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320325174","display_name":"Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture","ror":"https://ror.org/02yj0p855"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3007461315.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3007461315.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":56,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W57842594","https://openalex.org/W772827274","https://openalex.org/W1524280500","https://openalex.org/W1559632079","https://openalex.org/W1562886558","https://openalex.org/W1737853022","https://openalex.org/W1982995181","https://openalex.org/W2023289472","https://openalex.org/W2024177114","https://openalex.org/W2036432167","https://openalex.org/W2047940964","https://openalex.org/W2051529712","https://openalex.org/W2055635454","https://openalex.org/W2069469539","https://openalex.org/W2070538770","https://openalex.org/W2079361215","https://openalex.org/W2085459897","https://openalex.org/W2090659086","https://openalex.org/W2095759957","https://openalex.org/W2098162994","https://openalex.org/W2102427929","https://openalex.org/W2107505299","https://openalex.org/W2110707662","https://openalex.org/W2124715382","https://openalex.org/W2128712108","https://openalex.org/W2129449798","https://openalex.org/W2132907133","https://openalex.org/W2133136052","https://openalex.org/W2137536943","https://openalex.org/W2145640629","https://openalex.org/W2149159134","https://openalex.org/W2153553545","https://openalex.org/W2161455936","https://openalex.org/W2346552988","https://openalex.org/W2355785586","https://openalex.org/W2359952459","https://openalex.org/W2375843073","https://openalex.org/W2515230771","https://openalex.org/W2530516535","https://openalex.org/W2539770822","https://openalex.org/W2601986939","https://openalex.org/W2774327422","https://openalex.org/W2793650483","https://openalex.org/W2801473595","https://openalex.org/W2806769607","https://openalex.org/W2888238844","https://openalex.org/W2889981551","https://openalex.org/W2891533561","https://openalex.org/W2948470204","https://openalex.org/W3149700931","https://openalex.org/W3155056342","https://openalex.org/W6635443936","https://openalex.org/W6664256718","https://openalex.org/W6678334321","https://openalex.org/W6682380597","https://openalex.org/W6754802576"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1622964048","https://openalex.org/W30315714","https://openalex.org/W1965274140","https://openalex.org/W779885325","https://openalex.org/W2150972844","https://openalex.org/W2393615320","https://openalex.org/W3110435694","https://openalex.org/W2185145003","https://openalex.org/W2001760863","https://openalex.org/W2040913581"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Origin-destination":[0],"(OD)":[1],"flow":[2,16,39,65,75,84,95,100,110,119,130,139,143,152,191,197,200,206,254,261,277],"pattern":[3],"mining":[4,194],"is":[5,70,123,168,212,238],"an":[6,82],"important":[7,231],"research":[8],"method":[9,86],"of":[10,23,31,48,56,63,113,158,186,189,227],"urban":[11,24,32],"dynamics,":[12],"in":[13,199,219,256],"which":[14,92,182],"OD":[15,49,83,94,99,114,118,129,138,151,159,190,196,205],"clustering":[17,40,85,217,222],"analysis":[18,62],"discovers":[19],"the":[20,28,45,53,104,117,126,137,172,184,204,209,215,220,243,271],"activity":[21],"patterns":[22,144],"residents":[25],"and":[26,34,59,67,98,108,135,176,192,224,274,284],"mine":[27],"coupling":[29],"relationship":[30,107],"subspace":[33],"dynamic":[35],"causes.":[36],"The":[37,156],"existing":[38],"methods":[41],"are":[42,145,267,291],"limited":[43],"by":[44,125,170,252,269],"spatial":[46,54,105,133],"constraints":[47,90],"points,":[50,58],"rely":[51],"on":[52,88,264],"similarity":[55,178,188],"geographical":[57],"lack":[60],"in-depth":[61],"high-dimensional":[64,187],"characteristics,":[66],"therefore":[68],"it":[69],"difficult":[71],"to":[72,102,165,203,240],"find":[73],"irregular":[74,275],"clusters.":[76],"In":[77],"this":[78],"paper,":[79],"we":[80],"propose":[81],"based":[87,263],"vector":[89,101,120,153,166,173,177],"(ODFCVC),":[91],"defines":[93],"event":[96,131],"point":[97,132,162],"express":[103],"location":[106],"geometric":[109],"behavior":[111],"characteristics":[112],"flow.":[115],"First,":[116],"coordinate":[121,174],"system":[122,175],"normalized":[124],"Euclidean":[127],"distance-based":[128],"clustering,":[134,181],"then":[136],"clusters":[140,198,278],"with":[141,287],"similar":[142],"mined":[146],"using":[147,270],"adjusted":[148],"cosine":[149],"similarity-based":[150],"feature":[154],"clustering.":[155],"transformation":[157],"data":[160,255],"from":[161],"set":[163],"space":[164,167],"realized":[169],"constraining":[171],"through":[179],"two-step":[180,221],"simplifies":[183],"calculation":[185],"helps":[193],"representative":[195,288],"space.":[201],"Due":[202],"cluster":[207,245,280],"property,":[208],"k-means":[210],"algorithm":[211,233],"selected":[213],"as":[214],"basic":[216],"logic":[218],"method,":[223,273],"a":[225],"sum":[226],"squared":[228],"error":[229],"perceptually":[230],"points":[232],"considering":[234],"silhouette":[235],"coefficients":[236],"(SSEPIP)":[237],"adopted":[239],"automatically":[241],"extract":[242],"optimal":[244],"number":[246],"without":[247],"defining":[248],"any":[249],"parameters.":[250],"Tested":[251],"origin-destination":[253],"Beijing,":[257],"China,":[258],"new":[259],"traffic":[260,265,276],"communities":[262],"hubs":[266],"obtained":[268],"ODFCVC":[272],"(including":[279],"mode,":[281,283],"divergence":[282],"convergence":[285],"mode)":[286],"travel":[289],"trends":[290],"found.":[292]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
