{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2990898151","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi8120580","title":"Global Mapping of GDP at 1 km2 Using VIIRS Nighttime Satellite Imagery","display_name":"Global Mapping of GDP at 1 km2 Using VIIRS Nighttime Satellite Imagery","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-12-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2990898151","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi8120580","mag":"2990898151"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/ijgi8120580","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi8120580","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/8/12/580/pdf?version=1576747656","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764431341","display_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","issn_l":"2220-9964","issn":["2220-9964"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/8/12/580/pdf?version=1576747656","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049869650","display_name":"Xuantong Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7352-3070"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I131651094","display_name":"University of Denver","ror":"https://ror.org/04w7skc03","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I131651094"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xuantong Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Geography and the Environment, University of Denver, Denver, CO 80208, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7352-3070","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geography and the Environment, University of Denver, Denver, CO 80208, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I131651094"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Paul C. Sutton","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4961-026X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I131651094","display_name":"University of Denver","ror":"https://ror.org/04w7skc03","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I131651094"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Paul C. Sutton","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Geography and the Environment, University of Denver, Denver, CO 80208, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4961-026X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geography and the Environment, University of Denver, Denver, CO 80208, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I131651094"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000095368","display_name":"Bingxin Qi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2732-641X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I131651094","display_name":"University of Denver","ror":"https://ror.org/04w7skc03","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I131651094"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bingxin Qi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Morgridge College of Education, University of Denver, Denver, CO 80210, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2732-641X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Morgridge College of Education, University of Denver, Denver, CO 80210, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I131651094"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5049869650"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I131651094"],"apc_list":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"apc_paid":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"fwci":3.286,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":51,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92193133,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":"12","first_page":"580","last_page":"580"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11963","display_name":"Impact of Light on Environment and Health","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11963","display_name":"Impact of Light on Environment and Health","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.9230999946594238,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10226","display_name":"Land Use and Ecosystem Services","score":0.9132000207901001,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visible-infrared-imaging-radiometer-suite","display_name":"Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite","score":0.8142545223236084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gross-domestic-product","display_name":"Gross domestic product","score":0.6417199373245239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/defense-meteorological-satellite-program","display_name":"Defense Meteorological Satellite Program","score":0.557757556438446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.49333539605140686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite","display_name":"Satellite","score":0.4484456181526184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.44686055183410645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite-imagery","display_name":"Satellite imagery","score":0.4391896426677704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.41366681456565857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meteorology","display_name":"Meteorology","score":0.33474573493003845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.3004845380783081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.08719208836555481}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777701342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16948273","display_name":"Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite","level":3,"score":0.8142545223236084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114350782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12638","display_name":"Gross domestic product","level":2,"score":0.6417199373245239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778751583","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1182618","display_name":"Defense Meteorological Satellite Program","level":3,"score":0.557757556438446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.49333539605140686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19269812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26540","display_name":"Satellite","level":2,"score":0.4484456181526184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.44686055183410645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778102629","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q725252","display_name":"Satellite imagery","level":2,"score":0.4391896426677704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.41366681456565857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.33474573493003845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.3004845380783081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.08719208836555481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/ijgi8120580","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi8120580","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/8/12/580/pdf?version=1576747656","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764431341","display_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","issn_l":"2220-9964","issn":["2220-9964"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2220-9964/8/12/580/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi8120580","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/ijgi8120580","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi8120580","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/8/12/580/pdf?version=1576747656","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764431341","display_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","issn_l":"2220-9964","issn":["2220-9964"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","score":0.4399999976158142,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2990898151.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2990898151.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":49,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W93047142","https://openalex.org/W1673310716","https://openalex.org/W1819217385","https://openalex.org/W1969901116","https://openalex.org/W1975897253","https://openalex.org/W1977568612","https://openalex.org/W1981939599","https://openalex.org/W1983564473","https://openalex.org/W1984208669","https://openalex.org/W1984636348","https://openalex.org/W1988427925","https://openalex.org/W1993925271","https://openalex.org/W2000362707","https://openalex.org/W2012997843","https://openalex.org/W2025943354","https://openalex.org/W2034897099","https://openalex.org/W2034906331","https://openalex.org/W2036583706","https://openalex.org/W2038398724","https://openalex.org/W2052654293","https://openalex.org/W2055651929","https://openalex.org/W2058993674","https://openalex.org/W2073122003","https://openalex.org/W2074119918","https://openalex.org/W2089134580","https://openalex.org/W2090207950","https://openalex.org/W2094886960","https://openalex.org/W2102555541","https://openalex.org/W2121519719","https://openalex.org/W2143830832","https://openalex.org/W2174486300","https://openalex.org/W2296719434","https://openalex.org/W2317739826","https://openalex.org/W2617072432","https://openalex.org/W2649137640","https://openalex.org/W2746485780","https://openalex.org/W2748748027","https://openalex.org/W2790537821","https://openalex.org/W2909558465","https://openalex.org/W2916637071","https://openalex.org/W2955660171","https://openalex.org/W2956036987","https://openalex.org/W2973582257","https://openalex.org/W4251846671","https://openalex.org/W4251849772","https://openalex.org/W6603811467","https://openalex.org/W6637131181","https://openalex.org/W6657196232","https://openalex.org/W6672873731"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2983489208","https://openalex.org/W2950710587","https://openalex.org/W2912121398","https://openalex.org/W3033973892","https://openalex.org/W2006948773","https://openalex.org/W1977568612","https://openalex.org/W4205800118","https://openalex.org/W2991729028","https://openalex.org/W3021641464","https://openalex.org/W3108880816"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Frequent":[0],"and":[1,21,63,72,77,92,112,169],"rapid":[2],"spatially":[3],"explicit":[4],"assessment":[5],"of":[6,79],"socioeconomic":[7,80],"development":[8,172],"is":[9],"critical":[10],"for":[11,33,74,99,167],"achieving":[12],"the":[13,25,38,59,64,93,145,175],"Sustainable":[14],"Development":[15],"Goals":[16],"(SDGs)":[17],"at":[18,41,121,137,151],"both":[19],"national":[20],"global":[22],"levels.":[23,140],"Over":[24],"past":[26],"decades,":[27],"scientists":[28],"have":[29,68],"proposed":[30],"many":[31],"methods":[32,67],"estimating":[34],"human":[35,106,171],"activity":[36],"on":[37],"Earth\u2019s":[39],"surface":[40],"various":[42,152],"spatiotemporal":[43],"scales":[44],"using":[45],"Defense":[46],"Meteorological":[47],"Satellite":[48],"Program":[49],"Operational":[50],"Line":[51],"System":[52],"(DMSP-OLS)":[53],"nighttime":[54],"light":[55],"(NTL)":[56],"data.":[57],"However,":[58],"DMSP-OLS":[60],"NTL":[61,91,113],"data":[62,102,114,128,146,165],"associated":[65],"processing":[66,103],"limited":[69],"their":[70],"reliability":[71],"applicability":[73],"systematic":[75],"measuring":[76],"mapping":[78,168],"development.":[81],"This":[82,141],"study":[83],"utilized":[84],"Visible":[85],"Infrared":[86],"Imaging":[87],"Radiometer":[88],"Suite":[89],"(VIIRS)":[90],"Isolation":[94],"Forest":[95],"machine":[96,110],"learning":[97,111],"algorithm":[98],"more":[100],"intelligent":[101],"to":[104,115,130],"capture":[105],"activities.":[107],"We":[108,124],"used":[109,126],"map":[116],"gross":[117],"domestic":[118],"product":[119],"(GDP)":[120],"1":[122],"km2.":[123],"then":[125],"these":[127],"products":[129,166],"derive":[131],"inequality":[132],"indexes":[133],"(e.g.,":[134],"Gini":[135],"coefficients)":[136],"nationally":[138],"aggregate":[139],"flexible":[142],"approach":[143],"processes":[144],"in":[147],"an":[148],"unsupervised":[149],"manner":[150],"spatial":[153],"scales.":[154],"Our":[155],"assessments":[156],"show":[157],"that":[158],"this":[159],"method":[160],"produces":[161],"accurate":[162],"subnational":[163],"GDP":[164],"monitoring":[170],"uniformly":[173],"across":[174],"globe.":[176]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-05-23T08:51:43.019350","created_date":"2019-12-05T00:00:00"}
