{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2992261885","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi8120556","title":"Geo-Tagged Photo Metadata Processing Method for Beijing Inbound Tourism Flow","display_name":"Geo-Tagged Photo Metadata Processing Method for Beijing Inbound Tourism Flow","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-12-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2992261885","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi8120556","mag":"2992261885"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/ijgi8120556","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi8120556","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/8/12/556/pdf?version=1576724463","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764431341","display_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","issn_l":"2220-9964","issn":["2220-9964"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/8/12/556/pdf?version=1576724463","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100344182","display_name":"Wen Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8726-8602"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210159152","display_name":"Tongling University","ror":"https://ror.org/04kqvjg13","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210159152"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4472751","display_name":"Anhui Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/05fsfvw79","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4472751"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wen Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Geography and Tourism, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241003, China","School of Mathematics and Computer Science, Tongling College, Tongling 244000, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geography and Tourism, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241003, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4472751"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mathematics and Computer Science, Tongling College, Tongling 244000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210159152"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091861391","display_name":"Zhiyun Xu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4472751","display_name":"Anhui Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/05fsfvw79","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4472751"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhiyun Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Geography and Tourism, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241003, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geography and Tourism, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241003, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4472751"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070055083","display_name":"Xiaoyao Zheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7554-4211"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4472751","display_name":"Anhui Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/05fsfvw79","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4472751"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoyao Zheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Network and Information Security, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241003, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Network and Information Security, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241003, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4472751"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050720898","display_name":"Yonglong Luo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4987-0376"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4472751","display_name":"Anhui Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/05fsfvw79","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4472751"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yonglong Luo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Network and Information Security, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241003, China","School of Geography and Tourism, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241003, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4987-0376","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Network and Information Security, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241003, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4472751"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geography and Tourism, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241003, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4472751"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5050720898"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4472751"],"apc_list":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"apc_paid":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"fwci":3.2103,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":18,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93299926,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":"12","first_page":"556","last_page":"556"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10055","display_name":"Diverse Aspects of Tourism Research","score":0.9975000023841858,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10055","display_name":"Diverse Aspects of Tourism Research","score":0.9975000023841858,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11980","display_name":"Human Mobility and Location-Based Analysis","score":0.9718999862670898,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14413","display_name":"Advanced Technologies in Various Fields","score":0.9668999910354614,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metadata","display_name":"Metadata","score":0.8523754477500916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7289549112319946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cluster-analysis","display_name":"Cluster analysis","score":0.6557894945144653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.6041467189788818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-pre-processing","display_name":"Data pre-processing","score":0.6000386476516724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beijing","display_name":"Beijing","score":0.5950178503990173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geotagging","display_name":"Geotagging","score":0.4886024594306946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/preprocessor","display_name":"Preprocessor","score":0.48666030168533325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.4587668478488922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-processing","display_name":"Data processing","score":0.45786479115486145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tourism","display_name":"Tourism","score":0.45622333884239197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/normalization","display_name":"Normalization (sociology)","score":0.4312337636947632},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database","display_name":"Database","score":0.3033185303211212},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.23919296264648438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.15391665697097778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.12251856923103333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/china","display_name":"China","score":0.11079326272010803}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93518851","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180160","display_name":"Metadata","level":2,"score":0.8523754477500916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7289549112319946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73555534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622825","display_name":"Cluster analysis","level":2,"score":0.6557894945144653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.6041467189788818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10551718","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5227332","display_name":"Data pre-processing","level":2,"score":0.6000386476516724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778304055","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q657474","display_name":"Beijing","level":3,"score":0.5950178503990173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53605480","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q852595","display_name":"Geotagging","level":2,"score":0.4886024594306946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34736171","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q918333","display_name":"Preprocessor","level":2,"score":0.48666030168533325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.4587668478488922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138827492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6661985","display_name":"Data processing","level":2,"score":0.45786479115486145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18918823","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q49389","display_name":"Tourism","level":2,"score":0.45622333884239197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136886441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q926129","display_name":"Normalization (sociology)","level":2,"score":0.4312337636947632},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.3033185303211212},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.23919296264648438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.15391665697097778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.12251856923103333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191935318","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q148","display_name":"China","level":2,"score":0.11079326272010803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19165224","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23404","display_name":"Anthropology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/ijgi8120556","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi8120556","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/8/12/556/pdf?version=1576724463","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764431341","display_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","issn_l":"2220-9964","issn":["2220-9964"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2220-9964/8/12/556/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi8120556","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/ijgi8120556","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi8120556","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/8/12/556/pdf?version=1576724463","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764431341","display_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","issn_l":"2220-9964","issn":["2220-9964"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5400000214576721,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","display_name":"Decent work and economic growth"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1118473709","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61702010","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G114095857","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"1808085MF172","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334897","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4704689927","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61772034","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7633484374","display_name":"\u57fa\u4e8e\u4f4d\u7f6e\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u5730\u7406\u793e\u4ea4\u7f51\u7edc\u6a21\u578b\u6784\u5efa\u53ca\u9690\u79c1\u4fdd\u62a4\u65b9\u6cd5\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"61672039","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8308936892","display_name":"\u57fa\u4e8e\u591a\u6e90\u8f68\u8ff9\u7684\u8def\u7f51\u611f\u77e5\u8bed\u4e49\u6a21\u578b\u6784\u5efa\u53ca\u4e2a\u6027\u5316\u63a8\u8350\u65b9\u6cd5\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"61972439","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334897","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2992261885.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":54,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W170252564","https://openalex.org/W183675705","https://openalex.org/W1673310716","https://openalex.org/W1980334385","https://openalex.org/W1987995612","https://openalex.org/W1990322848","https://openalex.org/W1993717606","https://openalex.org/W1998871699","https://openalex.org/W2006746888","https://openalex.org/W2015954181","https://openalex.org/W2034435371","https://openalex.org/W2058929792","https://openalex.org/W2067600256","https://openalex.org/W2086074129","https://openalex.org/W2086628323","https://openalex.org/W2115531407","https://openalex.org/W2117167843","https://openalex.org/W2117239687","https://openalex.org/W2134603844","https://openalex.org/W2141286581","https://openalex.org/W2148551279","https://openalex.org/W2153579005","https://openalex.org/W2153635508","https://openalex.org/W2161783859","https://openalex.org/W2163240626","https://openalex.org/W2167424492","https://openalex.org/W2300781102","https://openalex.org/W2404983846","https://openalex.org/W2462719050","https://openalex.org/W2500086770","https://openalex.org/W2505419789","https://openalex.org/W2516884094","https://openalex.org/W2550161690","https://openalex.org/W2558622732","https://openalex.org/W2560654344","https://openalex.org/W2566797472","https://openalex.org/W2617355100","https://openalex.org/W2621371857","https://openalex.org/W2735342048","https://openalex.org/W2768051213","https://openalex.org/W2798990976","https://openalex.org/W2799570094","https://openalex.org/W2910224496","https://openalex.org/W2911123048","https://openalex.org/W2921470470","https://openalex.org/W2950133940","https://openalex.org/W2955075265","https://openalex.org/W2956917287","https://openalex.org/W2959205079","https://openalex.org/W2965480143","https://openalex.org/W4243469402","https://openalex.org/W6637131181","https://openalex.org/W6679935922","https://openalex.org/W6738629704"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1496536969","https://openalex.org/W2058118494","https://openalex.org/W2392768766","https://openalex.org/W2382021449","https://openalex.org/W2095118173","https://openalex.org/W2106424170","https://openalex.org/W2582603276","https://openalex.org/W4312138714","https://openalex.org/W2378386670","https://openalex.org/W755851594"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Technological":[0],"advances":[1],"have":[2,43],"led":[3],"to":[4,71,88,122,146,165],"numerous":[5],"developments":[6],"in":[7,39,96,120,132,148,189,224,242,280,293],"data":[8,21,28,58,67,92,106,109,118,125,152,214,248,253,274,309,322],"sources.":[9],"Geo-tagged":[10],"photo":[11,41,79,137,291,312],"metadata":[12,42,80,292],"has":[13,59,81],"provided":[14],"a":[15,48,124,206,269,284,316],"new":[16],"source":[17,323],"of":[18,27,36,52,65,172,200,205,238,263,289,296],"mass":[19],"research":[20,230,321],"for":[22,128,187,286,324],"tourism":[23,53,166,297,327],"studies.":[24],"A":[25],"series":[26,117,199],"processing":[29,68],"methods":[30,69,240,301],"centering":[31],"on":[32,56,77,135,181,268],"the":[33,50,66,140,151,159,170,191,197,201,219,229,234,239,264,287,294],"various":[34],"types":[35],"information":[37],"contained":[38],"geo-tagged":[40,78,136,290],"thus":[44,314],"been":[45,84],"proposed;":[46],"as":[47,228,259,261],"result,":[49],"development":[51],"studies":[54],"based":[55,76,134,180,267],"such":[57],"advanced.":[60],"However,":[61],"an":[62,176],"in-depth":[63],"study":[64,288],"designed":[70,186,279],"conduct":[72],"tourist":[73,130,203,307],"flow":[74,298,308,328],"prediction":[75,265],"not":[82],"yet":[83],"conducted.":[85],"In":[86],"order":[87,121],"acquire":[89],"accurate":[90],"substitutive":[91],"regarding":[93],"inbound":[94,129,156,160,202,306,326],"flows":[95,131,204],"cities,":[97],"this":[98,243,281],"paper":[99,244,282],"introduces":[100],"and":[101,115,209,216,236,254,278,319],"designs":[102],"several":[103],"methods,":[104],"including":[105],"screening,":[107],"text":[108,174],"similarity":[110],"calculation,":[111],"geographical":[112],"location":[113],"clustering,":[114],"time":[116,198],"modelling,":[119],"realize":[123],"preprocessing":[126,275],"model":[127],"cities":[133],"metadata.":[138],"Wherein,":[139],"entropy":[141],"filtering":[142],"method":[143,179,276],"was":[144,167,185,226],"introduced":[145,277],"aid":[147],"determining":[149],"whether":[150,158],"were":[153,163,194,211,245],"posted":[154],"by":[155],"tourists;":[157],"persons\u2019":[161],"activities":[162],"related":[164],"judged":[168],"through":[169,213,247],"calculation":[171],"tag":[173,192],"similarity;":[175],"efficient":[177],"clustering":[178],"geographic":[182],"grid":[183],"partition":[184],"cases":[188],"which":[190,233],"values":[193],"empty;":[195],"finally,":[196],"certain":[207],"region":[208],"period":[210],"obtained":[212],"statistics":[215],"normalization.":[217],"For":[218],"empirical":[220],"research,":[221],"Beijing":[222],"City":[223],"China":[225],"selected":[227],"case,":[231],"after":[232],"feasibility":[235],"accuracy":[237],"proposed":[241],"verified":[246],"correlation":[249],"analysis":[250,262],"between":[251],"Flickr":[252],"real":[255],"statistical":[256],"yearbook":[257],"data,":[258],"well":[260],"results":[266],"machine":[270],"learning":[271],"algorithm.":[272],"The":[273],"provides":[283],"reference":[285],"field":[295],"prediction.":[299],"These":[300],"can":[302],"effectively":[303],"filter":[304],"out":[305],"from":[310],"geotag":[311],"metadata,":[313],"providing":[315],"novel,":[317],"reliable,":[318],"low-cost":[320],"urban":[325],"forecasting.":[329]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-08T08:47:23.578185","created_date":"2019-12-13T00:00:00"}