{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2980284249","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi8100443","title":"Estimating 2009\u20132017 Impervious Surface Change in Gwadar, Pakistan Using the HJ-1A/B Constellation, GF-1/2 Data, and the Random Forest Algorithm","display_name":"Estimating 2009\u20132017 Impervious Surface Change in Gwadar, Pakistan Using the HJ-1A/B Constellation, GF-1/2 Data, and the Random Forest Algorithm","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-10-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2980284249","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi8100443","mag":"2980284249"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/ijgi8100443","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi8100443","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/8/10/443/pdf?version=1570849536","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764431341","display_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","issn_l":"2220-9964","issn":["2220-9964"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/8/10/443/pdf?version=1570849536","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108528359","display_name":"Jinhu Bian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1472-5259"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210124748","display_name":"Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment","ror":"https://ror.org/02z0nsb22","country_code":"CN","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210124748"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jinhu Bian","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research Center for Digital Mountain and Remote Sensing Application, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1472-5259","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Center for Digital Mountain and Remote Sensing Application, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210124748"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019197462","display_name":"Ainong Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4543-5118"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210124748","display_name":"Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment","ror":"https://ror.org/02z0nsb22","country_code":"CN","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210124748"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ainong Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research Center for Digital Mountain and Remote Sensing Application, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Center for Digital Mountain and Remote Sensing Application, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210124748"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038031940","display_name":"Jiaqi Zuo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-3896-281X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210124748","display_name":"Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment","ror":"https://ror.org/02z0nsb22","country_code":"CN","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210124748"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiaqi Zuo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research Center for Digital Mountain and Remote Sensing Application, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Center for Digital Mountain and Remote Sensing Application, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210124748"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083222026","display_name":"Guangbin Lei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7333-4325"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210124748","display_name":"Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment","ror":"https://ror.org/02z0nsb22","country_code":"CN","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210124748"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guangbin Lei","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research Center for Digital Mountain and Remote Sensing Application, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7333-4325","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Center for Digital Mountain and Remote Sensing Application, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210124748"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101797261","display_name":"Zhengjian Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8211-0152"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210124748","display_name":"Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment","ror":"https://ror.org/02z0nsb22","country_code":"CN","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210124748"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhengjian Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research Center for Digital Mountain and Remote Sensing Application, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Center for Digital Mountain and Remote Sensing Application, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210124748"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017158828","display_name":"Xi Nan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2178-0873"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210124748","display_name":"Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment","ror":"https://ror.org/02z0nsb22","country_code":"CN","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210124748"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xi Nan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research Center for Digital Mountain and Remote Sensing Application, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2178-0873","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Center for Digital Mountain and Remote Sensing Application, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210124748"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5019197462"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210124748"],"apc_list":{"value":1700,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1893},"apc_paid":{"value":1700,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1893},"fwci":1.2316,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":14,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.78294463,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":"10","first_page":"443","last_page":"443"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10226","display_name":"Land Use and Ecosystem Services","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10226","display_name":"Land Use and Ecosystem Services","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10766","display_name":"Urban Heat Island Mitigation","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.996999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/impervious-surface","display_name":"Impervious surface","score":0.781040608882904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.673682451248169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urbanization","display_name":"Urbanization","score":0.5963987112045288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite-constellation","display_name":"Satellite constellation","score":0.5757400989532471},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.49789881706237793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/earth-observation","display_name":"Earth observation","score":0.4866102635860443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/constellation","display_name":"Constellation","score":0.47745588421821594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite","display_name":"Satellite","score":0.4676484763622284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scale","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","score":0.4295644462108612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/footprint","display_name":"Footprint","score":0.423844575881958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.4115981161594391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meteorology","display_name":"Meteorology","score":0.38877302408218384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.38681933283805847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-resource-management","display_name":"Environmental resource management","score":0.3523573875427246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cartography","display_name":"Cartography","score":0.2528606653213501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.09727564454078674}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2668921","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1434713","display_name":"Impervious surface","level":2,"score":0.781040608882904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.673682451248169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39853841","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161078","display_name":"Urbanization","level":2,"score":0.5963987112045288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779784338","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q967145","display_name":"Satellite constellation","level":3,"score":0.5757400989532471},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.49789881706237793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39399123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1348989","display_name":"Earth observation","level":3,"score":0.4866102635860443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70352696","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8928","display_name":"Constellation","level":2,"score":0.47745588421821594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19269812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26540","display_name":"Satellite","level":2,"score":0.4676484763622284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.4295644462108612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132943942","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2562511","display_name":"Footprint","level":2,"score":0.423844575881958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.4115981161594391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.38877302408218384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.38681933283805847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107826830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q929380","display_name":"Environmental resource management","level":1,"score":0.3523573875427246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.2528606653213501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.09727564454078674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/ijgi8100443","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi8100443","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/8/10/443/pdf?version=1570849536","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764431341","display_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","issn_l":"2220-9964","issn":["2220-9964"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:af23402e34954b9490bb32dffa561917","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/af23402e34954b9490bb32dffa561917","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information, Vol 8, Iss 10, p 443 (2019)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2220-9964/8/10/443/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi8100443","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/ijgi8100443","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi8100443","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/8/10/443/pdf?version=1570849536","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764431341","display_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","issn_l":"2220-9964","issn":["2220-9964"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","score":0.7300000190734863}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1458227630","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"41631180","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G148304372","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"XDA19030303","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2830879671","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2016YFC0500201","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3245525233","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"XDA19030303","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321133","funder_display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3368113149","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"No. 2016YFA0600103","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3420464143","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"SDS-135-1708","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334932","funder_display_name":"Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3734584195","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"41631180","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334932","funder_display_name":"Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3896818701","display_name":"\u653e\u7267\u5f3a\u5ea6\u9065\u611f\u8868\u5f81\u53ca\u5176\u5bf9\u533a\u57df\u8349\u5730NPP\u9065\u611f\u4f30\u7b97\u7cbe\u5ea6\u7684\u8d21\u732e\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"41571373","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G474895607","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2016YFA0600103, 2016YFC0500201-06","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5079425952","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"SDS-135-1708","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321133","funder_display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5147746916","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"41631180","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321133","funder_display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5297548869","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"41701432","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5559207869","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2016YFA0600103","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321133","funder_display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G560674152","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2016YFA0600103","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322847","funder_display_name":"Youth Innovation Promotion Association of the Chinese Academy of Sciences"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5908978717","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"SDS-135-1708","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6064602480","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2016YFA0600103","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334932","funder_display_name":"Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6139555276","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"41701432, 41631180, 41571373","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G670467984","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"41631180","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322847","funder_display_name":"Youth Innovation Promotion Association of the Chinese Academy of Sciences"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7088743126","display_name":"\u5c71\u5730\u5178\u578b\u751f\u6001\u53c2\u91cf\u9065\u611f\u53cd\u6f14\u5efa\u6a21\u53ca\u5176\u65f6\u7a7a\u8868\u5f81\u80fd\u529b\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"41631180","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G779604867","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2016YFA0600103","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7964085674","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2019365","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322847","funder_display_name":"Youth Innovation Promotion Association of the Chinese Academy of Sciences"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8207396433","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2016YFC0500201-06","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8542323382","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"XDA19030303","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334932","funder_display_name":"Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8930261513","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2016YFA0600103","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321133","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322847","display_name":"Youth Innovation Promotion Association of the Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/031141b54"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334932","display_name":"Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment","ror":"https://ror.org/02z0nsb22"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335892","display_name":"Youth Innovation Promotion Association","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2980284249.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2980284249.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":50,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1504083517","https://openalex.org/W1531496604","https://openalex.org/W1964217023","https://openalex.org/W1975523072","https://openalex.org/W1978617972","https://openalex.org/W1985642751","https://openalex.org/W1999697646","https://openalex.org/W2008645757","https://openalex.org/W2025389829","https://openalex.org/W2035021121","https://openalex.org/W2038083647","https://openalex.org/W2040617212","https://openalex.org/W2042806874","https://openalex.org/W2044609898","https://openalex.org/W2049353036","https://openalex.org/W2056435747","https://openalex.org/W2063623478","https://openalex.org/W2065414659","https://openalex.org/W2080187203","https://openalex.org/W2088291792","https://openalex.org/W2092075602","https://openalex.org/W2102566458","https://openalex.org/W2121025662","https://openalex.org/W2137043027","https://openalex.org/W2138408852","https://openalex.org/W2140944702","https://openalex.org/W2141409967","https://openalex.org/W2147258346","https://openalex.org/W2191443139","https://openalex.org/W2199807383","https://openalex.org/W2218782803","https://openalex.org/W2261059368","https://openalex.org/W2301692565","https://openalex.org/W2324309783","https://openalex.org/W2333483587","https://openalex.org/W2338397189","https://openalex.org/W2342696299","https://openalex.org/W2362108811","https://openalex.org/W2605409453","https://openalex.org/W2606982998","https://openalex.org/W2610227486","https://openalex.org/W2613987037","https://openalex.org/W2621361177","https://openalex.org/W2762827775","https://openalex.org/W2811382599","https://openalex.org/W2897285410","https://openalex.org/W2911964244","https://openalex.org/W2935551676","https://openalex.org/W4385536430","https://openalex.org/W6663041999"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2385787340","https://openalex.org/W2394459062","https://openalex.org/W2392670398","https://openalex.org/W4221033466","https://openalex.org/W4224313018","https://openalex.org/W2355913771","https://openalex.org/W2560673277","https://openalex.org/W4225291832","https://openalex.org/W3209202847","https://openalex.org/W2377622301"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,99],"China\u2013Pakistan":[1],"Economic":[2],"Corridor":[3],"(CPEC)":[4],"is":[5,28,50,84,104,146],"the":[6,10,16,19,21,25,38,46,67,72,94,110,116,150,180,201,216,222,232,248,272,287,293,303,309,315,320,327,334,340,345,350,371,375,380],"flagship":[7],"project":[8],"of":[9,18,40,75,97,112,118,174,215,218,319,333,344,354,374],"Belt":[11],"and":[12,56,81,93,122,130,138,157,209,213,226,280,325,352,360],"Road":[13],"Initiative.":[14],"At":[15],"end":[17],"CPEC,":[20],"Gwadar":[22,48,76,242],"port":[23,64],"on":[24,221,271,308],"Arabian":[26],"Sea":[27],"being":[29],"built":[30,269],"quickly,":[31],"providing":[32],"an":[33,105,361],"important":[34],"economical":[35],"route":[36],"for":[37,86,109,193,206,302,369],"flow":[39],"Central":[41],"Asia\u2019s":[42],"natural":[43],"resources":[44],"to":[45,135,148,291,300,364],"world.":[47],"city":[49,65,90,217,243,305,378],"in":[51,66,142,186,224,259,379],"a":[52,61,172,207],"rapid":[53,194],"urbanization":[54,73,372],"process":[55,74,373],"will":[57],"be":[58,128],"developed":[59],"as":[60,179],"modern,":[62],"world-class":[63],"near":[68],"future.":[69],"Therefore,":[70],"monitoring":[71,370],"at":[77],"both":[78,153],"high":[79,154,234,256,342],"spatial":[80,155,235,257],"temporal":[82,159,225],"resolution":[83,140,156,236,258],"vital":[85],"its":[87],"urban":[88,113],"planning,":[89],"ecosystem":[91],"management,":[92],"sustainable":[95],"development":[96],"CPEC.":[98,381],"impervious":[100],"surface":[101,196],"percentage":[102],"(ISP)":[103],"essential":[106],"quantitative":[107],"indicator":[108],"assessment":[111],"development.":[114],"Through":[115],"integration":[117],"remote":[119],"sensing":[120],"images":[121,359],"ISP":[123,126,151,211,237,277,297,322,367],"estimation":[124,212,335],"models,":[125],"can":[127],"routinely":[129],"periodically":[131],"estimated.":[132],"However,":[133],"due":[134],"clouds\u2019":[136],"influence":[137],"spatial\u2013temporal":[139],"trade-offs":[141],"sensor":[143],"design,":[144],"it":[145],"difficult":[147],"estimate":[149],"with":[152],"dense":[158],"frequency":[160],"from":[161,247,276,298],"only":[162],"one":[163],"satellite":[164,229,284,358],"sensor.":[165],"In":[166,231],"recent":[167],"years,":[168],"China":[169],"has":[170],"launched":[171],"series":[173,296],"Earth":[175,195],"resource":[176],"satellites,":[177],"such":[178],"HJ":[181],"(Huangjing,":[182],"which":[183,254],"means":[184,255],"environment":[185],"Chinese)-1A/B":[187],"constellation,":[188],"showing":[189],"great":[190],"application":[191],"potential":[192,353],"mapping.":[197],"This":[198,347],"study":[199,348],"employs":[200],"Random":[202],"Forest":[203],"(RF)":[204],"method":[205],"long-term":[208,366],"fine-scale":[210],"analysis":[214],"Gwadar,":[219],"based":[220,270,307],"density":[223],"multi-source":[227,356],"Chinese":[228,357],"images.":[230,262,285,311],"method,":[233],"reference":[238,278],"data":[239,279],"partially":[240],"covering":[241],"was":[244,267,289,323,337],"first":[245],"extracted":[246,275],"1\u20132":[249],"meter":[250],"(m)":[251],"GF":[252],"(GaoFen,":[253],"Chinese)-1/2":[260],"fused":[261],"An":[263],"RF":[264,362],"retrieval":[265],"model":[266,288,363],"then":[268],"training":[273],"samples":[274],"multi-temporal":[281],"30-m":[282,294],"HJ-1A/B":[283,310],"Lastly,":[286],"used":[290],"generate":[292,365],"time":[295],"2009":[299],"2017":[301],"whole":[304],"area":[306],"Results":[312],"showed":[313],"that":[314,326],"mean":[316,329],"absolute":[317],"error":[318,331],"estimated":[321],"6.1\u20138.1%":[324],"root":[328],"square":[330],"(RMSE)":[332],"results":[336],"12.82\u201315.03%,":[338],"indicating":[339],"consistently":[341],"performance":[343],"model.":[346],"highlights":[349],"feasibility":[351],"using":[355],"estimations":[368],"key":[376],"node":[377]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-28T07:46:37.118299","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
