{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2949112687","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi8060280","title":"Geographic Information Metadata\u2014An Outlook from the International Standardization Perspective","display_name":"Geographic Information Metadata\u2014An Outlook from the International Standardization Perspective","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-06-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2949112687","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi8060280","mag":"2949112687"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/ijgi8060280","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi8060280","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/8/6/280/pdf?version=1561458790","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764431341","display_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","issn_l":"2220-9964","issn":["2220-9964"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/8/6/280/pdf?version=1561458790","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045144549","display_name":"Jean Brodeur","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jean Brodeur","raw_affiliation_strings":["G\u00e9oS\u00e9mantic Research, Sherbrooke, QC J1L 1W8, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"G\u00e9oS\u00e9mantic Research, Sherbrooke, QC J1L 1W8, Canada","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059367515","display_name":"Serena Coetzee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8683-8047"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I69552723","display_name":"University of Pretoria","ror":"https://ror.org/00g0p6g84","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I69552723"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Serena Coetzee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Geoinformation Science, Department of Geography, Geoinformatics and Meteorology, University of Pretoria, Hatfield, Pretoria 0002, South Africa"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8683-8047","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Geoinformation Science, Department of Geography, Geoinformatics and Meteorology, University of Pretoria, Hatfield, Pretoria 0002, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I69552723"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108700975","display_name":"D\u00e1vid Dank\u00f3","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1292842697","display_name":"Environmental Systems Research Institute (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/0428exr50","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1292842697"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David Danko","raw_affiliation_strings":["Esri, Vienna, VA 22182, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Esri, Vienna, VA 22182, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1292842697"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102168723","display_name":"St\u00e9phane Garcia","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1327553481","display_name":"Institut national de l\u2019information g\u00e9ographique et foresti\u00e8re","ror":"https://ror.org/05jxfge78","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1327553481"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"St\u00e9phane Garcia","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Standardization, National Institute of Geographic and Forest Information, 94165 Saint-Mand\u00e9, France"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Standardization, National Institute of Geographic and Forest Information, 94165 Saint-Mand\u00e9, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1327553481"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091165929","display_name":"Jan Hjelmager","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jan Hjelmager","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Methodology and IT, The Danish Agency for Data Supply and Efficiency, 2400 Copenhagen NV, Denmark"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Methodology and IT, The Danish Agency for Data Supply and Efficiency, 2400 Copenhagen NV, Denmark","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5045144549"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"apc_paid":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"fwci":22.515,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":43,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99329899,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":"6","first_page":"280","last_page":"280"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10757","display_name":"Geographic Information Systems Studies","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3305","display_name":"Geography, Planning and Development"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10757","display_name":"Geographic Information Systems Studies","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3305","display_name":"Geography, Planning and Development"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13734","display_name":"Advanced Computational Techniques and Applications","score":0.9873999953269958,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12698","display_name":"3D Modeling in Geospatial Applications","score":0.9800999760627747,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metadata","display_name":"Metadata","score":0.931432843208313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geospatial-metadata","display_name":"Geospatial metadata","score":0.8858829140663147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/standardization","display_name":"Standardization","score":0.7089763879776001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geographic-information-system","display_name":"Geographic information system","score":0.6339619159698486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6304432153701782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interoperability","display_name":"Interoperability","score":0.5982892513275146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metadata-repository","display_name":"Metadata repository","score":0.577129065990448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meta-data-services","display_name":"Meta Data Services","score":0.5667448043823242},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geospatial-analysis","display_name":"Geospatial analysis","score":0.5335667133331299},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-element","display_name":"Data element","score":0.5110024213790894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spatial-data-infrastructure","display_name":"Spatial data infrastructure","score":0.4698663651943207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mapping","display_name":"Data mapping","score":0.43190521001815796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.41813671588897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.40235474705696106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.37006065249443054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spatial-analysis","display_name":"Spatial analysis","score":0.34819287061691284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database","display_name":"Database","score":0.3270033001899719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.24405145645141602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cartography","display_name":"Cartography","score":0.1427534818649292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.11272677779197693}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93518851","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180160","display_name":"Metadata","level":2,"score":0.931432843208313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C193150823","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1477538","display_name":"Geospatial metadata","level":5,"score":0.8858829140663147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188087704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q369577","display_name":"Standardization","level":2,"score":0.7089763879776001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41856607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483130","display_name":"Geographic information system","level":2,"score":0.6339619159698486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6304432153701782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20136886","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q749647","display_name":"Interoperability","level":2,"score":0.5982892513275146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153048206","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3454922","display_name":"Metadata repository","level":3,"score":0.577129065990448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136976847","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6822297","display_name":"Meta Data Services","level":4,"score":0.5667448043823242},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9770341","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1938983","display_name":"Geospatial analysis","level":2,"score":0.5335667133331299},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30872290","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1172389","display_name":"Data element","level":3,"score":0.5110024213790894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188981036","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1502855","display_name":"Spatial data infrastructure","level":3,"score":0.4698663651943207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137314826","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2330408","display_name":"Data mapping","level":2,"score":0.43190521001815796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.41813671588897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.40235474705696106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.37006065249443054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159620131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1938983","display_name":"Spatial analysis","level":2,"score":0.34819287061691284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.3270033001899719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.24405145645141602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.1427534818649292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.11272677779197693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/ijgi8060280","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi8060280","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/8/6/280/pdf?version=1561458790","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764431341","display_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","issn_l":"2220-9964","issn":["2220-9964"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:0a980bf0f98b471c928720564c09c5e7","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/0a980bf0f98b471c928720564c09c5e7","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information, Vol 8, Iss 6, p 280 (2019)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2220-9964/8/6/280/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi8060280","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.up.ac.za:2263/73744","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2263/73744","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401870","display_name":"UpSpace Institutional Repository (University of Pretoria)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I69552723","host_organization_name":"University of Pretoria","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I69552723"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/ijgi8060280","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi8060280","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/8/6/280/pdf?version=1561458790","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764431341","display_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","issn_l":"2220-9964","issn":["2220-9964"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5400000214576721,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/17","display_name":"Partnerships for the goals"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2949112687.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2949112687.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W23508718","https://openalex.org/W97876901","https://openalex.org/W184136754","https://openalex.org/W612850866","https://openalex.org/W1881201857","https://openalex.org/W2022507239","https://openalex.org/W2039231973","https://openalex.org/W2067277995","https://openalex.org/W2069075180","https://openalex.org/W2097094147","https://openalex.org/W2147875950","https://openalex.org/W2469849655","https://openalex.org/W2504858092","https://openalex.org/W2625996635","https://openalex.org/W2752908011","https://openalex.org/W2890175709","https://openalex.org/W4399762837","https://openalex.org/W6639260330"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2608871261","https://openalex.org/W2366289621","https://openalex.org/W1503116306","https://openalex.org/W2354596657","https://openalex.org/W2347306054","https://openalex.org/W2183628870","https://openalex.org/W2376391113","https://openalex.org/W2353291710","https://openalex.org/W2337417094","https://openalex.org/W2118980367"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Geographic":[0,216],"information":[1,9,60,69,76,162,185,217,226,247,267],"metadata":[2,16,78,94,120,150,155,198,248],"provides":[3],"a":[4],"detailed":[5],"description":[6],"of":[7,22,29,32,39,65,112,128,141,149,177,182,193,197,224,233,238,245,265],"geographic":[8,68,75,113,161,184,225,246,266],"resources.":[10],"Well":[11],"before":[12],"digital":[13,72,100,183],"data":[14,103,132],"emerged,":[15],"were":[17,55,95],"shown":[18],"in":[19,99,172,179,206,268],"the":[20,27,30,33,35,37,40,43,46,49,62,71,87,122,129,152,160,175,180,190,194,207,221,234,239,259],"margins":[21],"paper":[23,229],"maps":[24],"to":[25,57,83,118,124,186,257],"inform":[26],"reader":[28],"name":[31],"map,":[34],"scale,":[36,131],"orientation":[38],"magnetic":[41],"North,":[42],"projection":[44],"used,":[45],"coordinate":[47,136],"systems,":[48,77],"legend,":[50],"and":[51,86,97,145,236,241,251,253,262],"so":[52],"on.":[53],"Metadata":[54],"used":[56],"communicate":[58],"practical":[59],"for":[61,90,105,154,201],"proper":[63,126],"use":[64,127,264],"maps.":[66],"When":[67],"entered":[70],"era":[73],"with":[74,121,143,174],"was":[79,157,170,199],"also":[80],"collected":[81,96],"digitally":[82],"describe":[84],"datasets":[85,114],"dataset":[88,123],"collections":[89],"various":[91,222,269],"purposes.":[92],"Initially,":[93],"saved":[98],"files":[101],"by":[102,159],"producers":[104,117],"their":[106],"own":[107],"specific":[108],"needs.":[109],"The":[110,165],"sharing":[111,144],"that":[115,219],"required":[116],"provide":[119],"guide":[125],"dataset\u2014map":[130],"sources,":[133],"extent,":[134],"datum,":[135],"reference":[137],"system,":[138],"etc.":[139],"Because":[140],"issues":[142],"no":[146],"common":[147],"understanding":[148],"requirements,":[151],"need":[153],"standardization":[156,178,196,243],"recognized":[158],"community":[163],"worldwide.":[164],"ISO":[166,208,215],"technical":[167],"committee":[168],"211":[169],"created":[171],"1994":[173],"scope":[176],"field":[181],"support":[187],"interoperability.":[188],"In":[189],"early":[191],"years":[192],"committee,":[195],"initiated":[200],"different":[202],"purposes,":[203],"which":[204],"culminated":[205],"19115:2003":[209],"standard.":[210],"Now,":[211],"there":[212],"are":[213],"many":[214],"standards":[218],"covers":[220],"aspect":[223],"metadata.":[227],"This":[228],"traces":[230],"an":[231],"illustration":[232],"development":[235],"evolution":[237],"requirements":[240],"international":[242],"activities":[244],"standards,":[249],"profiles":[250],"resources,":[252],"how":[254],"these":[255],"attest":[256],"facilitating":[258],"discovery,":[260],"evaluation,":[261],"appropriate":[263],"contexts.":[270]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-02T09:51:11.867554","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
